Mwina pambuyo pa opaleshoni yaikulu kapena ngozi yaikulu, dokotala wakuuzani kuti, "Ndikufunika kupereka magazi." Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso mantha mukamva mawu awa. "O, kodi ndipereka magazi a wina? Kodi ndi otetezeka? Kodi padzakhala mavuto aliwonse?" Zinthu ngati zimenezo zingabwere m'maganizo mwanu. Koma kupereka magazi ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotetezeka mu zamankhwala amakono. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tipeze mayankho a mafunso onse omwe muli nawo okhudza izi lero.
Kodi kuikidwa magazi kwenikweni n’chiyani?
Mwachidule, kupereka magazi kumatanthauza kubweza magazi kapena gawo la magazi lomwe latayika m'thupi lanu chifukwa cha matenda kapena ngozi.
Taganizirani magazi athu ngati gulu la zigawo zingapo. Ali ndi zigawo zinayi zazikulu:
- Maselo Ofiira a M'magazi: Awa ndi omwe amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lathu lonse.
- Maselo Oyera a M'magazi: Awa ndi maselo oteteza thupi lathu omwe amalimbana ndi matenda ndi majeremusi omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu.
- Ma platelets: Maselo ang'onoang'ono awa amathandiza kuletsa kutuluka magazi pakavulala.
- Plasma: Iyi ndi gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi. Maselo onse omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa amayandama mmenemo. Ilinso ndi mapuloteni omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana.
Kale, pankhani yopereka magazi, magazi athunthu nthawi zambiri ankaperekedwa. Koma tsopano, chifukwa cha ukadaulo wapamwamba, madokotala amaona gawo la thupi lanu lomwe likusoweka . Kenako amakupatsirani gawo lokhalo lomwe likufunika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi maselo ofiira ochepa m'magazi, mutha kupereka gawo limenelo lokha. Ngati muli ndi ma platelet ochepa, mutha kupereka gawo limenelo lokha. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mavuto ambiri osafunikira.
N’chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kupereka magazi?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingafunikire kupereka magazi. Tiyeni tiwone zifukwa zazikulu.
| Chifukwa | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Opaleshoni yaikulu kapena ngozi zazikulu | Pa opaleshoni kapena ngozi yaikulu, magazi ambiri amatha kutuluka m'thupi. Kuchepa kwa magazi kuyenera kusinthidwa. |
| Kutuluka magazi m'mimba | Ngati kutuluka magazi kuchokera m'mimba chifukwa cha matenda monga zilonda zam'mimba kapena zifukwa zina, padzakhala kofunikira kusintha magazi ochepa pamene mukulamulira. |
| Matenda omwe amayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi | Pankhani ya khansa, monga khansa ya m'magazi, ndi matenda a impso, kupanga maselo ofiira athanzi m'thupi kumachepa. Magazi amaperekedwa ngati mankhwala a kuchepa kwa magazi komwe kumachitika. |
| Mankhwala a Khansa | Mankhwala monga radiation kapena chemotherapy amatha kuwononga mafupa, omwe amapanga maselo a magazi. Chifukwa chake, ngati maselo a magazi achepa, magazi amaperekedwa. |
| Matenda a magazi ndi matenda a chiwindi | Matenda ena obadwa nawo m'magazi (monga thalassemia) ndi matenda akuluakulu a chiwindi angafunikenso kuikidwa magazi pafupipafupi. |
Tiyeni tiphunzire za mitundu ya magazi ndi kugwirizana kwawo.
Ili ndi funso lalikulu lomwe anthu ambiri amafunsa. "Kodi ndingapereke magazi kuchokera kwa aliyense?" Yankho ndi lakuti, "Ayi." Mukalandira magazi, magazi omwe mumalandira ayenera kukhala ofanana ndi mtundu wa magazi anu.
Mitundu yathu ya magazi makamaka ndi inayi: A, B, AB, ndi O. Kuphatikiza apo, pali chinthu china chotchedwa Rh factor . Kutengera ndi izi, mtundu wa magazi anu ukhoza kukhala wabwino (+) kapena woipa (-). (Chitsanzo: A+, O-, B+).
Tangoganizani kuti maselo anu a m'magazi ali ndi kiyi yomwe imagwira ntchito kwa inu. Maselo a m'magazi omwe mumapereka ayenera kukhala ndi kiyi yomweyo. Ngati kiyiyo isintha, chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chidzazindikira maselo atsopano a m'magazi ngati mdani ndikuyamba kuwaukira. Izi ndi zoopsa.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake mabungwe monga National Blood Transfusion Service ku Sri Lanka amayesa mwamphamvu mtundu wa magazi, Rh factor, ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a aliyense wopereka magazi.
- Mtundu wa magazi O: Munthu amene ali ndi mtundu wa magazi O amatchedwa " Universal Donor.""Pakagwa ngozi, ngati palibe nthawi yoti mudziwe mtundu weniweni wa magazi, magazi a O-negative (O-) angaperekedwe kwa aliyense."
- Mtundu wa magazi a AB: Munthu amene ali ndi mtundu wa magazi a AB amatchedwa " wolandira magazi onse ." Izi zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kulandira magazi kuchokera ku mtundu uliwonse wa magazi.
Momwe magazi amaperekedwera komanso mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Kupereka magazi nthawi zambiri kumachitika kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala. Kachidutswa kakang'ono kamayikidwa mumtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu, momwe thumba la magazi limalumikizirana. Izi zitha kutenga pakati pa ola limodzi ndi anayi. Dokotala kapena namwino adzakuyang'anirani nthawi yonseyi.
Kodi palibe chiopsezo pamenepo?
Kupereka magazi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotetezeka kwambiri . Komabe, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira ina iliyonse yachipatala, palinso mavuto ena osowa omwe angachitike. Musachite mantha, chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi.
- Malungo: Ndizachilendo kukhala ndi malungo pang'ono kwa maola angapo mutapereka magazi. Nthawi zambiri, izi sizovuta kwenikweni. Komabe, ngati muli ndi malungo limodzi ndi nseru kapena kupweteka pachifuwa , uzani dokotala kapena namwino wanu nthawi yomweyo .
- Matenda a Ziwengo: Nthawi zina, ngakhale mutapatsidwa magazi oyenerana bwino, thupi lanu likhoza kukhala ndi vuto lochepa la ziwengo. Izi zingayambitse kuyabwa, ziphuphu, kapena zizindikiro zina. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika panthawi ya kuikidwa magazi kapena pambuyo pake.
- Matenda a chitetezo chamthupi: Izi ndi zachilendo kwambiri , koma ndi matenda oopsa.
- Matenda a Acute Immune Hemolytic Reaction: Apa ndi pamene thupi lanu limaukira maselo ofiira a magazi omwe aperekedwa. Izi ndi zadzidzidzi zachipatala. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga malungo, kuzizira, nseru, kupweteka pachifuwa kapena pansi pa msana, komanso mkodzo wakuda.
- Kuchedwa kwa Hemolytic Reaction: Izi zikufanana ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa, koma zizindikiro zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono, patatha masiku angapo.
- Matenda Obwera Chifukwa cha Magazi: Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amachiopa. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, masiku ano, chiopsezo chake n'chochepa kwambiri chifukwa opereka magazi ndi olandira magazi amayesedwa mosamala kwambiri.
- Kuchuluka kwa Iron/Hemochromatosis: Izi sizichitika kwa munthu amene walandira magazi kamodzi kokha. Odwala omwe amalandira magazi pafupipafupi, kwa zaka zambiri (monga odwala thalassemia), akhoza kukhala ndi chitsulo chochuluka m'thupi lawo. Izi zingakhudze mtima ndi chiwindi.
- Matenda a graft-versus-host: Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kwambiri.Koma ndi vuto lomwe lingathe kupha. Izi zimachitika pamene maselo oyera a m'magazi operekedwawo aukira mafupa a wodwalayo. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka kwambiri.
- Kuika magazi ndi njira yodziwika bwino, yopulumutsa moyo, komanso yotetezeka kwambiri yachipatala.
- Mumapatsidwa zigawo za magazi zomwe thupi lanu limafunikira (monga maselo ofiira a magazi, ma platelet).
- Magazi onse operekedwa amayesedwa mosamala kuti atsimikizire kuti akugwirizana ndi mtundu wa magazi anu komanso alibe matenda osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, chiopsezo chofalitsa matenda ndi chochepa kwambiri.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zachilendo monga kutentha thupi, kuyabwa, kupuma movutikira, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa mukamapereka magazi kapena mutapereka magazi, dziwitsani dokotala wanu kapena ogwira ntchito yosamalira anamwino nthawi yomweyo .
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza izi, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu. Ndi ufulu wanu.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochitidwa m'maiko otukuka, chiopsezo chotenga matenda monga HIV kudzera mu kuikidwa magazi ndi pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa anthu awiri miliyoni. Chiwopsezo chimenecho ndi chochepa poyerekeza ndi kumenyedwa ndi mphezi. Chiwopsezo chotenga matenda monga Hepatitis B ndi C n'chochepa kwambiri.
Musachite mantha ndi zoopsa izi. Kumbukirani, dokotala wasankha kukupatsani magazi chifukwa kuopsa kopanda kupereka magazi kumaposa chiopsezo chochepa chopereka magazi .
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