Popanda ife kuzindikira, impso ndi chiwalo chodabwitsa kwambiri chomwe chimagwira ntchito maola 24 patsiku mkati mwa thupi lathu. Monga wogwira ntchito mosatopa, impso zimasefa zinyalala m'magazi athu ndikubwezera zinthu zomwe thupi limafunikira m'thupi. Kotero lero tikulankhula za kapangidwe kakang'ono koma kofunikira kwambiri komwe kumathandiza impso kuchita ntchito yayikuluyi. Imeneyo ndi Bowman's Capsule.
Kodi Bowman's Capsule ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizani kuti impso zathu zili ngati fyuluta yamadzi kunyumba. Mkati mwa fyuluta iyi, muli makatiriji ang'onoang'ono okwana miliyoni omwe amayeretsa madzi. Mofananamo, impso zathu zonse zili ndi mayunitsi ang'onoang'ono okwana miliyoni omwe amayeretsa magazi. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha chilichonse mwa izi kuti nephron .
Kotero, gawo la nephron iliyonse limatchedwa Bowman's Capsule . Izi zili ngati kapu kakang'ono, thumba. Mkati mwa kapu iyi muli mitsempha yambiri yamagazi yopyapyala yomwe yazungulira. Timaitcha kuti glomerulus . Mwachidule, njira yosefera magazi imayambira apa, apa, pa glomerulus iyi ndi kapisozi ya Bowman yomwe imazungulira. Zigawo ziwirizi zikagwirizana, timaitcha kuti impso .
Nthawi zina dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito mayina ena pa izi, koma onse ndi ofanana:
- Kapisozi wa Glomerular
- Kapisozi wa Malpighian
- Kapisozi wa impso
Kodi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimachokera mu izi ndi chiyani?
Ntchito yaikulu ya nembanemba ya Bowman ndikuthandiza magazi osefa a glomerulus. Monga momwe mungaphikire tiyi, masamba a tiyi amamatira pamwamba pa fyuluta ndipo madzi okha a tiyi amatsika, chinthu chofanana ndi ichi chimachitika apa.
Pamene magazi akudutsa mu njira zing'onozing'ono zimenezi, zinyalala, madzi ochulukirapo, ndi tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mu fyuluta ya magazi kupita ku nembanemba ya Bowman. Komabe, mapuloteni akuluakulu, monga maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi ma platelet, omwe ndi ofunikira m'thupi lathu, sangadutse mu fyuluta iyi. Amapitirirabe mkati mwa njira za magazi.
Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mtundu wapadera wa selo lotchedwa ma podocytes, omwe ali mkati mwa nembanemba ya Bowman. Maselo awa ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zala. Zala izi zimalumikizana kuti zipange netiweki ya ma pores abwino kwambiri. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokha ndi tomwe timadutsa m'ma pores awa. Izi ndichifukwa chake mapuloteni kapena maselo amagazi nthawi zambiri samawoneka mu mkodzo wa munthu wathanzi.
Mwachidule, chovala cha Bowman chili ngati mlonda pakhomo. Chimalola zinthu zazing'ono zomwe sizofunikira pa thupi, koma chimaletsa zinthu zazikulu zomwe ndizofunikira pa thupi.
Kenako, madzi osefedwa amayenda kudzera m'njira zina zabwino kwambiri mu impso. Panjira, madzi ndi zakudya zomwe thupi limafunikirabe m'madziwo zimabwereranso m'magazi. Pomaliza, zinyalala zotsala zosafunikira zimatulutsidwa m'thupi lathu ngati mkodzo.
Kodi izi zili kuti? Kodi mawonekedwe ake ndi otani?
Kapisozi ya Bowman ili kunja kwa impso. Timaitcha kuti renal cortex . Monga mukudziwa, impso zathu zili mbali zonse ziwiri za msana, pansi pa nthiti, kunja.
Ngakhale kuti amati ndi wofanana ndi chikho kapena thumba, sitingathe kuiona ndi maso athu. Timangoiona ndi maikulosikopu. Madzi omwe ali mkati mwake ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi plasma yomwe ili m'magazi. Komabe, ilibe maselo ofiira amagazi, maselo oyera amagazi, kapena ma platelet.
Mwa kapangidwe kake, ili ndi zigawo ziwiri. Gawo lakunja limapangidwa ndi maselo otchedwa simple squamous epithelium . Gawo lamkati limapangidwa ndi maselo apadera otchedwa podocytes, omwe tidakambirana kale.
Zizindikiro zomwe zingasonyeze vuto la impso
Impso zikalephera kugwira ntchito, zimakhudzanso nembanemba ya Bowman. Makamaka matenda akakhudza glomerulus, mphamvu yake yosefera imachepa. Ngati izi zitachitika, zinthu monga mapuloteni omwe thupi limafunikira zimatha kuyamba kutuluka mu mkodzo. Ngati matenda awa sachiritsidwa, pamapeto pake amatha kulepheretsa impso.
Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe zizindikiro zotsatirazi. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa izi, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuwonana ndi dokotala wanu mwamsanga ndikupempha upangiri .
| Chizindikiro | Taganizirani izi kwakanthawi. |
|---|---|
| Kusintha kwa mkodzo | Zinthu monga kusintha kwa mtundu wa mkodzo, kuchuluka kwa thovu, kapena kutuluka magazi. |
| Kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa kukodza | Kukodza pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse kapena pang'ono kwambiri. |
| Kutupa kwa thupi | Kutupa, makamaka m'makolo, m'manja, kapena kumaso. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusunga madzi m'thupi. |
| Kutopa ndi kutopa | Kutopa kwambiri kumachitika pamene impso sizikuchotsa zinyalala moyenera. |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi (BP) | Mavuto a impso angayambitse kuthamanga kwa magazi. |
| Kutaya chilakolako ndi nseru | Kumva kukoma kwachitsulo mu chakudya, kudana ndi chakudya, komanso kusanza. |
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji vutoli?
Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyesani. Kuphatikiza apo, angachite mayeso angapo kuti adziwe momwe impso zanu zikugwira ntchito.
| Mayeso | Mwachidule, izi ndi zomwe mumachita... |
|---|---|
| Kuyezetsa magazi | Imayesa kuchuluka kwa zinyalala (monga creatinine) m'magazi zomwe ziyenera kusefedwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi impso. |
| Kusanthula mkodzo | Mkodzo umafufuzidwa ngati pali zinthu zina zachilendo, monga mapuloteni ndi maselo a magazi. |
| Kujambula kwa Ultrasound | Izi zimathandiza kuwona kukula, mawonekedwe a impso, komanso ngati pali mavuto ena, monga miyala ya impso. |
| Kufufuza kwa Impso | Nthawi zina, chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera ku impso pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono kwambiri ndikuwunikidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu. |
Zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti impso zathu zikhale zathanzi
Kusunga gawo lililonse la impso zathu, kuphatikizapo kapisozi wa Bowman, kugwira ntchito bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi lathu lonse. Chifukwa chake pali zinthu zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti tisamalire impso zathu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, matenda ashuga, kapena kunenepa kwambiri.
| Zoyenera kuchita | N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezo n’zofunika? |
|---|---|
| Pewani zinthu zopangidwa ndi fodya. | Kusuta fodya kungawononge mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi ku impso. |
| Chepetsani mchere mu chakudya. | Kudya mchere wambiri kungapangitse kuti magazi azithamanga kwambiri komanso kupangitsa impso kupanikizika. |
| Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse. | Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kulemera kwa thupi. |
| Chepetsani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu. | Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mopitirira muyeso, makamaka NSAID (mankhwala osapweteka a nonsteroidal) (monga Ibuprofen, Diclofenac), kumavulaza impso. Gwiritsani ntchito izi pokhapokha ngati dokotala wakupatsani upangiri . |
| Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera. | Kunenepa kwambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, zomwe zonsezi zimakhala zoopsa ku impso. |
| Kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi | Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuwasunga bwino ndikofunikira kuti muteteze impso zanu. |
Sitiganizira kwambiri za ntchito yobisika iyi yomwe impso zathu zimachita. Koma timayamba kuona zizindikiro pokhapokha ngati china chake chalakwika. Choncho, samalani thupi lanu. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, musachedwe kupita kwa dokotala.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Bowman's Capsule ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la njira yosefera magazi mu impso zanu.
- Ntchito yake yaikulu ndikusefa zinyalala kuchokera m'magazi pamene zinthu zofunika m'thupi monga mapuloteni ndi maselo a magazi zimasungidwa m'magazi.
- Zinthu monga kutupa m'thupi, kusintha kwa mkodzo, ndi kutopa kwambiri zingakhale zizindikiro za matenda a impso.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, musazinyalanyaze. Pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga.
- Njira yabwino yotetezera impso zanu ndikutsatira moyo wathanzi (kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchepetsa shuga).
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