Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti mpweya umalowa bwanji m'mapapu anu mukapuma? Timapuma ndi kutuluka mosavuta. Koma kumbuyo kwa njirayi, pali dongosolo lodabwitsa m'thupi lathu. Gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosololi, koma lomwe sitilankhula kwambiri, ndi bronchi. Monga misewu ya m'galimoto, awa ndi njira zazikulu zomwe zimatengera mpweya kumapapu anu. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za bronchi izi, zomwe zili, zomwe zimachita, komanso momwe tingazisungire bwino.
Ndiye kodi ma bronchi awa ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, bronchi ndi dongosolo la machubu akuluakulu omwe amanyamula mpweya kupita ku mapapo athu . Kodi mukukumbukira kuti tili ndi chubu chachikulu chopumira m'khosi mwathu, chomwe timachitcha trachea? Chili ngati thunthu la mtengo. Trachea iyi imalowa pachifuwa ndikugawikana m'nthambi ziwiri zazikulu. Imodzi imapita ku mapapo akumanja ndi inayo ku mapapo akumanzere. Nthambi ziwiri zazikuluzo ndi zomwe timatcha bronchi yayikulu .
Kenako ma bronchi akuluakulu awa, monga nthambi za mtengo, amagawikana m'machubu ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa mapapo. Dongosolo lonseli ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo lathu lopumira. Popanda dongosololi, mpweya womwe timapuma sukanatha kufikira matumba a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapo.
Kodi ntchito yeniyeni ya bronchi ndi yotani?
Ntchito yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri ya bronchi ndikubweretsa mpweya m'mapapo ndikutulutsa mpweya m'mapapo. Koma osati zokhazo, palinso zinthu zina zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimachitika pakadali pano.
1. Njira Yodutsa Mpweya: Tikamapuma, mpweya umalowa kudzera m'mphuno kapena pakamwa, umayenda pansi pa trachea, kudzera m'mapapo, kudzera m'machubu ang'onoang'ono (bronchioles) ndipo pamapeto pake umalowa m'matumba a mpweya (alveoli). Apa ndi pomwe mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga umawonjezeredwa ku magazi.
2. Kuyeretsa ndi kunyowetsa mpweya: Mkati mwa machubu athu a bronchial muli ntchofu . Izi zimapereka chinyezi chofunikira ku mpweya womwe timapuma. Komanso, majeremusi monga fumbi, mavairasi, ndi mabakiteriya omwe amabwera ndi mpweya amamatira ku ntchofu iyi.
3. Woteteza: Kodi majeremusi ndi fumbi lodzaza ndi mamina amenewa amatuluka bwanji? Palinso njira yabwino yochitira zimenezo. Mkati mwa machubu a bronchial muli mamiliyoni a tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonga tsitsi totchedwa cilia . Monga ma broom breasts omwe amasesa m'misewu, ma cilia amenewa amayenda mopitirira muyeso mmwamba, akukankhira dothi lomwe lili mu mamina kupita kukhosi. Kenako , tikamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, zinthu zosafunikirazi zimatayidwa kunja kwa thupi. Tangoganizani ngati dongosololi silinalipo, fumbi ndi majeremusi onse omwe timapuma angapite m'mapapo ndikuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana!
Njira yomweyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito tikamapuma. Mpweya wosafunikira wa carbon dioxide m'magazi umalowa m'matumba a mpweya, kuchokera pamenepo umapita mmwamba kudzera mu bronchi, kenako umatuluka.
Kodi matenda ofala omwe amakhudza bronchi ndi ati?
Matupi athu amatha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Apa ndi pamene timakumana ndi mavuto opuma komanso kukhosomola. Tiyeni tiwone mwachidule matenda ena akuluakulu omwe ali patebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Mkhalidwe | Mwachidule... |
|---|---|
| Mphumu | Kutupa kwa nthawi yayitali kwa machubu a bronchial kumapangitsa kuti adzipete komanso apapatize, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. |
| Matenda a m'mphuno | Kutupa kwa machubu a bronchial chifukwa cha matenda. Izi zitha kukhala kwakanthawi kochepa (komwe kumachitika ndi chimfine kapena chimfine) kapena kwa nthawi yayitali (kofala pakati pa osuta fodya). |
| Matenda a bronchiectasis | Matenda omwe machubu a bronchial amawonongeka, kukulirakulira kosatha ndikupanga matumba omwe amasonkhanitsa mamina. |
| COPD (Matenda Osatha a M'mapapo Oletsa Kutsekeka) | Gulu la matenda omwe amasokoneza kayendedwe ka mpweya m'mapapo. Matenda a bronchitis osatha ndi amodzi mwa magulu awa. |
| Matenda a Fibrosis | Matenda a majini omwe amapezeka munthu akangobadwa. Matumbo otuluka m'thupi, makamaka mamina, amakhala okhuthala kwambiri komanso omata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machubu a bronchial atseke. |
Kodi mumazindikira bwanji vuto la bronchi?
Ngati pali vuto ndi bronchi yanu, thupi lanu lidzakupatsani zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zokhudza vutoli. Ngati chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi zikupitirira, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala.
- Chifuwa: Chifuwa chosatha, nthawi zina chimakhala ndi mamina.
- Kupuma movutikira (dyspnea): Kupuma movutikira ngakhale mutachita zinthu zazing'ono, mukumva ngati chifuwa chanu chachepa.
- Kupuma movutikira: Phokoso lochepa la mluzu lomwe limachokera pachifuwa popuma kapena potuluka.
- Kutsokomola magazi: Kutsokomola magazi pang'ono okhala ndi mamina.
- Kulimba pachifuwa: Kumva ngati lamba akumangiriridwa mozungulira pachifuwa.
- Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi m'mapapo: Ngati nthawi zambiri mumadwala chimfine ndi matenda a m'mapapo.
- Kutopa: Kumva kutopa kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.
Ndi mayeso ati omwe amayesa thanzi la bronchi?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, dokotala wanu angakutumizireni kuti mukayesedwe kaye kuti atsimikizire matenda anu enieni.
| Mayeso | Mumachita chiyani ndi izi? |
|---|---|
| Spirometry | Iyi ndi njira yaikulu yoyezera momwe mapapo amagwirira ntchito. Imayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungathe kutulutsa ndi mphamvu. |
| Bronchoscopy | Chubu chopyapyala kwambiri komanso chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera chimayikidwa kudzera mu mphuno kapena pakamwa ndipo chimawonekera mwachindunji mkati mwa machubu a bronchial. |
| Kujambula kwa CT | Njira yapadera ya X-ray imatenga zithunzi za mapapo ndi bronchi m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndikupanga chithunzi chatsatanetsatane pa kompyuta. |
| Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) | Izi zimachitika limodzi ndi bronchoscopy. Chipangizo cha ultrasound chomwe chili kumapeto kwa chubu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza makoma a bronchial ndi minofu yozungulira. |
Kodi tingatani kuti njira zathu zopumira zizikhala bwino?
Pali zinthu zosavuta, koma zofunika kwambiri zomwe tingachite kuti bronchi yathu ndi dongosolo lonse la kupuma likhale lathanzi.
- Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu: Pewani ndudu, beedis, kapena vaping. Uwu ndiye ntchito yayikulu kwambiri yomwe mungachite pamapapu anu. Kupuma utsi wa munthu wina n'koopsa kwambiri.
- Dzitetezeni ku fumbi ndi mpweya woipa: Valani chigoba ngati muli m'malo omwe muli fumbi kapena mankhwala ambiri. Sungani nyumba yanu kukhala yoyera.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbitsa mtima ndi mapapo anu.
- Dzitetezeni ku matenda: Sambani m'manja nthawi zambiri. Pewani malo odzaza anthu nthawi ya mliri wa chimfine ndi chimfine. Pezani katemera wofunikira monga momwe dokotala wanu walangizira.
- Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumawonjezera chitetezo cha mthupi.
Kumbukirani, kusuta fodya kumawononga chitetezo chamthupi (cilia) cha bronchi yanu, zomwe zimatsegula chitseko cha matenda aakulu.
Nthawi yoti mupeze upangiri wachipatala nthawi yomweyo
Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chabwinobwino kapena kupuma movutikira, pitani kwa dokotala wa banja lanu. Komabe, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi zadzidzidzi , pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo.
| Zadzidzidzi! Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani ku ETU nthawi yomweyo! | |
|---|---|
| Buluu/imvi/kuyera kwa milomo, khungu, kapena misomali (Cyanosis) | Ichi ndi chizindikiro champhamvu chakuti magazi sakulandira mpweya wofunikira. |
| Kubweza chifuwa | Khungu pachifuwa limaoneka ngati likumira pakati pa nthiti akamapuma. |
| Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopuma | Kupuma mofulumira kwambiri, ngakhale mutapumula, popanda chifukwa chenicheni. |
| Kuphulika kwa mphuno | Kuphulika kwa mphuno poyesa kupuma. |
| Kupuma movutikira | Phokoso lamphamvu kwambiri limamveka popuma kapena potuluka. |
Bronchi yathu ndi chiwalo chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chomwe chimateteza miyoyo yathu mwakachetechete. Ndi udindo wathu kuwasamalira osalola kuti awonongeke.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Bronchi ndi njira yayikulu yopangira machubu omwe amanyamula mpweya kupita ku mapapo athu.
- Kuwonjezera pa kusuntha mpweya, izi zimayeretsanso ndi kunyowetsa mpweya.
- Matenda monga mphumu ndi bronchitis nthawi zambiri amakhudza bronchi.
- Musanyalanyaze zizindikiro monga chifuwa chosatha, kupuma movutikira, kapena kupuma movutikira pachifuwa. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite kuti mapapu anu akhale athanzi ndi kupewa kusuta fodya kotheratu.
- Ngati mukumva zizindikiro zadzidzidzi monga kupuma movutikira kapena milomo yabuluu, pitani ku chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
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