Kodi nthawi zina mumamva magazi mumkodzo wanu, kapena kutupa m'miyendo yanu? Kapena mumamva kutopa nthawi zonse? Izi nthawi zina zimatha chifukwa cha vuto la impso zanu. Lero tikambirana za vuto losowa koma lofunika kwambiri lomwe limakhudza impso. Ndilo C3G (C Three G) kapena ``Complement 3 Glomerulopathy``.

Kodi C3G (Complement 3 Glomerulopathy) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, C3G ndi gulu la matenda omwe amakhudza momwe impso zanu zimagwirira ntchito. Mukudziwa, impso zili ngati zosefera ziwiri m'thupi lathu. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikusefa magazi, kuchotsa zinyalala zosafunikira ndi madzi ochulukirapo, ndikupanga mkodzo.

"Complement 3" ndi puloteni yapadera m'magazi mwathu. Ndi yofunika kwambiri pa chitetezo cha mthupi chomwe chimalimbana ndi matenda m'thupi mwathu. "Glomerulopathy" ndi kuwonongeka kwa glomeruli, yomwe ndi mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono mkati mwa impso, yomwe ili ngati ma meshes ang'onoang'ono. Ma glomeruli awa ndi omwe amasefa magazi.

Ndiye C3G ndi matenda omwe amakhudza puloteni ya `complement 3`, kuwononga `glomeruli` ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a impso. Kale, ndiko kuti, isanafike chaka cha 2013, madokotala ankatcha ``Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) mtundu wa I, II kapena III`` kapena ``Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis``. Koma tsopano gulu la matendali limatchedwa C3G.

Kodi pali mitundu ya C3G?

Inde, pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya C3G. Madokotala amazindikira mitundu iwiriyi potenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha impso (timachitcha kuti `biopsy ya impso` ) ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu, kutengera kuwonongeka ndi kutupa kwa `glomeruli`.

• Matenda a Dense deposit (DDD): Poyamba ankadziwika kuti MPGN type II, matendawa amadziwika ndi mapangidwe a ma deposit okhuthala ngati riboni mu glomerular basement membrane (GBM), yomwe ndi mbali ya glomeruli. Amakhudza kwambiri ana ndi achinyamata azaka za m'ma 20.

• `C3 glomerulonephritis` (C3GN): Poyamba inkatchedwa `MPGN mtundu I` kapena `III`. Pankhaniyi, mikwingwirima yochuluka ngati yomwe imapezeka mu DDD siioneka. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri anthu azaka zopitilira 30.

Kodi C3G ndi matenda osatha?

Inde, C3G ndi matenda osatha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si chinthu chomwe chingachitike mwadzidzidzi ndikuchira, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa impso kumatha kuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamala ndi izi.

Kodi C3G iyi ndi yofala bwanji?

Imeneyi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri.Madokotala akuti izi zimachitika mwa anthu awiri kapena atatu pa anthu 100,000. Chifukwa chake mwina simunamve zambiri za izi. Koma ngakhale kuti sizichitika kawirikawiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa za izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a C3G ndi ziti?

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro za matenda a C3G awa. Mitundu yonse iwiri ili ndi zizindikiro zingapo zofanana, zomwe ndizofunikira kuzizindikira:

• Magazi mu mkodzo ( hematuria ): Nthawi zina mkodzo ungawoneke wofiira, kapena ukhoza kukhala wochepa womwe ungawonekere kokha ndi maikulosikopu.
• Mapuloteni ochulukirapo mu mkodzo (proteinuria): Izi zingayambitse mkodzo kuoneka ngati thovu.
• Kutulutsa mkodzo wochepa kuposa wachibadwa (oliguria).
• Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'magazi (hypoalbuminemia).
• Kutupa (edema): Makamaka m'manja, m'mapazi, ndi m'miyendo. Tangoganizirani, ngati mutadzuka m'mawa ndipo mapazi anu akumva kutupa, zingakhale ngati izi.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi (kuthamanga kwa magazi).
• Matenda obwerezabwereza.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (`Kutopa`): Sikuti kutopa kokha, komanso kumva kutopa mosasamala kanthu za kugona kwanu kochuluka bwanji.
• Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi matenda monga gout .

Zizindikiro zonsezi zingayambitse kulephera kwa impso . Kulephera kwa impso kungayambitsenso zizindikiro monga:

• Kutopa nthawi zonse.
• Kusanza, kusanza.
• Kuvuta kupanga chisankho, kutaya mtima.
• Kutupa kwa thupi.
• Kutulutsa mkodzo wambiri kuposa masiku onse (nthawi zina izi zimawoneka kumayambiriro kwa kulephera kwa impso).

Kuwonjezera pa impso, C3G ingayambitsenso zizindikiro zina. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mavuto a masomphenya: Kuona kumatha kusokonekera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi calcium (drusen), makamaka mu macula.
• Lipodystrophy: Iyi ndi vuto lomwe mafuta amatayika m'malo ena a thupi (makamaka nkhope ndi miyendo).

N’chifukwa chiyani C3G iyi imapangidwira?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake C3G iyi imapangidwira. Izi ndi zovuta pang'ono, koma ndifotokoza mwachidule. Izi zimachitika pamene ``dongosolo lothandizira`` m'thupi lathu silikugwira ntchito bwino. ``dongosolo lothandizira`` ili ndi gulu la mapuloteni m'magazi athu. Izi ndi gawo la chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Izi zimathandiza kulimbana ndi zinthu monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi omwe amachokera kunja.

Chomwe chimachitika kwa munthu amene ali ndi C3G ndichakuti `complement system` iyi imayatsidwa kwambiri, kapena kuti siigwira ntchito bwino. Kenako `complement 3 (C3)` protein imawonongeka. Zidutswa za protein za C3 zomwe zawonongekazi zimamatira mu `glomeruli`. Kenako zimakhala zovuta kuti `glomeruli` isefe magazi ndikupanga mkodzo. Ngati sichichiritsidwa, kuwonongeka kumeneku kungapitirire ndikupangitsa kuti impso zilephere kugwira ntchito.

Nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chifukwa chenicheni chomwe "njira yoyamikirira" iyi imasokonekera. Koma nthawi zina:

• C3G ikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini athu (kusintha kwa majini okhudzana ndi dongosolo lowonjezera, monga ``C3`` ndi ``CFH```).
• Matenda a m'magazi otchedwa ``Monoclonal gammopathy`` amathanso kuwononga impso mwanjira ina, kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a ``complement`` system, ndikupangitsa kuti C3G ipangidwe. ``monoclonal gammopathy`` iyi ndi matenda omwe amakhudza maselo a plasma m'mafupa athu.
• Ofufuza zachipatala akuganiza kuti chinthu chotchedwa ``autoantibodies'' chingakhalenso ndi gawo. ``Autoantibodies'' ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi chitetezo chathu chamthupi omwe amawononga minofu yathu yathanzi molakwika. Komabe, palibe kafukufuku wokwanira wotsimikizira kuti ``autoantibodies'' awa ndi omwe amayambitsa C3G.

Ndani amene akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a C3G awa?

Matenda a C3G awa amatha kufalikira mwa aliyense. Amakhudza amuna ndi akazi mofanana. Avereji ya zaka zomwe munthu amadwala matendawa ndi pafupifupi zaka 23. Komabe, mtundu wa `DDD` womwe tatchula kale ungawonekere ali wamng'ono kuposa mtundu wa `C3GN`.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha C3G ndi ati?

Vuto lalikulu komanso loopsa kwambiri ndilakuti pafupifupi 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi C3G, kapena m'modzi mwa awiri, adzayamba kulephera kwa impso mkati mwa zaka 10 kuchokera pamene adapezeka ndi matendawa. Ichi ndi chomwe tonsefe tiyenera kuopa kwambiri.

Kodi matenda a C3G amapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala adzayesa kangapo kuti aone ngati impso zanu zili bwino komanso ngati zikugwira ntchito bwino. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Kayezedwe kakang'ono ka magazi kamatengedwa kuchokera mumtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu ndipo labu imafufuza ngati mapuloteni anu owonjezera ndi abwinobwino kapena ngati pali zinyalala zambiri (monga creatinine) m'magazi anu.
• `Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR): Iyi ndi mayeso omwe amayesa momwe impso zanu zikusefera magazi anu, kutengera kuchuluka kwa `serum creatinine` kapena `cystatin C` mu chitsanzo cha magazi. Izi zingakupatseni lingaliro labwino la momwe impso zanu zikugwirira ntchito.
• Kusanthula mkodzo: Muyenera kukodza m'chikho chapadera ndikupereka chitsanzocho kwa dokotala wanu. Labu idzayang'ana mapuloteni kapena magazi mu mkodzo, omwe angawonekere kokha ndi maikulosikopu.
• Kufufuza za impso: Ichi ndi chomwe chimachitikaNjira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira matenda a C3G ndi kudzera mu biopsy. Pankhaniyi, dokotala amatenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu kuchokera ku impso yanu pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono kapena kudula pang'ono ndikuchiyesa mu labu. Ngati chitsanzochi chili ndi zidutswa za puloteni ya C3 yowonongeka mu glomeruli yanu, ikhoza kukhala matenda a C3G. Biopsy iyi ingakuuzeninso mtundu wa C3G womwe muli nawo (DDD kapena C3GN), kutengera ngati muli ndi malo olimba kapena ayi.

Kodi C3G ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a matenda a C3G. Koma musadandaule, madokotala ndi ofufuza akupitiliza kuphunzira za matendawa ndipo akugwira ntchito kuti apeze mankhwala atsopano. Tikukhulupirira kuti chithandizo chabwino chidzabwera mtsogolo.

Kodi mankhwala a C3G ndi ati?

Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala enieni omwe avomerezedwa ndi U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a C3G. Komabe, madokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala osiyanasiyana komanso chithandizo chothandizira kuti achepetse kukula kwa C3G, kuwongolera zizindikiro, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa impso. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi: Mankhwala monga angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors ndi angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) amachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa glomeruli. Izi zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa impso.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol: Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala monga ma statins kuti muchepetse cholesterol ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa impso zanu.
• Kusintha zakudya: Katswiri wa zakudya za impso adzakuthandizani kupanga dongosolo la zakudya lomwe lili loyenera kwa inu komanso limakuthandizani kukhala ndi kulemera kwabwino. Kuchepetsa kudya mchere (sodium), mafuta okhuta, ndi cholesterol kungathandize kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa impso.
• Corticosteroids: Amatchedwanso kuti "steroids," awa ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe amagwira ntchito poletsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chisaukire glomeruli yanu.
• Eculizumab: Iyi ndi mankhwala a monoclonal antibody omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osowa magazi. Angathandize kukonza ntchito ya impso mwa kuchepetsa mapuloteni mu mkodzo ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kusefedwa kwa glomerular mwa odwala ena a C3G.
• Kuchotsa magazi m'thupi: Pafupifupi 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi C3G akuti ali ndi vuto la impso. Kuchotsa magazi m'thupi ndi pamene impso zimalephera kugwira ntchito, ndipo ntchito yomwe impso ziyenera kuchita (kuyeretsa magazi, kuchotsa zinyalala, ndi madzi ochulukirapo) imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito makina.
• Kusamutsa impso: Iyi ndi njira ina yothandizira impso kulephera kugwira ntchito. Dokotala wa opaleshoni amachotsa impso yanu yomwe yalephera kugwira ntchito n’kuisintha ndi impso yathanzi yochokera kwa wopereka.

Ngati muli ndi `DDD` kapena `C3GN` ndipo muli ndi `monoclonal gammopathy`, dokotala wanu adzakulangizani kuti muyesedwenso kuti muwone matenda ena omwe amayambitsa matendawa.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha matenda a C3G ndi chotani?

Pafupifupi theka la odwala omwe ali ndi C3G amadwala matenda a impso mkati mwa zaka 10 kuchokera pamene adapezeka ndi matendawa. Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda a impso. Komabe, mukalandira chithandizo choyenera komanso mwachangu, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi popanda kusintha kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukhala chete ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.

Kodi matenda a C3G angapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe njira yopewera matenda a C3G, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe sitingathe kuzilamulira.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi C3G, dokotala wanu adzapanga njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira. Izi zingaphatikizepo mankhwala, chithandizo chothandizira, komanso kusintha moyo wanu. Ndondomeko yanu yothandizira ikhoza kuphatikizapo izi, ndipo ndikofunikira kutsatira njira izi:

• Imwani mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera. Musaphonye tsiku limodzi.
• Kusintha zakudya zanu, makamaka kuchepetsa mchere, mafuta, ndi shuga, ndikudya zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe si a steroidal (NSAIDs) (monga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga ibuprofen ndi diclofenac) popanda upangiri wa dokotala, chifukwa amatha kuwononga impso ndikufulumizitsa kulephera kwa impso.
• Kusamalira thanzi lanu la maganizo. Kukhala ndi matenda osowa chonchi kungakupangitseni kumva kusungulumwa komanso mantha. Komanso, kudziwa kuti C3G ingayambitse kulephera kwa impso kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za thanzi lanu la maganizo ndipo funsani uphungu ndi chithandizo ngati pakufunika kutero. Funsani dokotala wanu za magulu othandizira anthu omwe ali ndi C3G. Kukumana ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi C3G kungathandize kuchepetsa kusungulumwa ndikugawana zomwe mwakumana nazo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za C3G, makamaka kusintha kwa mkodzo wanu (magazi, thovu, kuchepa), kutupa, kapena kutopa kwambiri, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro zoti impso zanu sizikugwira ntchito bwino.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi C3G, dokotala wanu adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa matenda a impso (katswiri wa matenda a impso). Iye ndiye amene adzakupatsani chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, musazengereze kufunsa mafunso ngati awa:

• Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndili ndi C3G?
• Ngati ndilibe C3G, ndi matenda ena ati omwe ndingakhale nawo?
• Kodi ndi mtundu wanji wa C3G womwe ndili nawo (DDD kapena C3GN)?
• Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe mukundilimbikitsa? Kodi pali zotsatirapo zake?
• Ndi kusintha kotani komwe ndiyenera kusintha pa zakudya zanga?
• Kodi mukuganiza kuti impso zanga zidzalephera kugwira ntchito? Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti zimenezi zisachitike?
• Kodi ndingathe kuwonana ndi dokotala wa matenda amisala?

Pomaliza, ndiyenera kunena...

C3G ndi matenda osowa komanso ovuta omwe amakhudza tinthu ting'onoting'ono tosefera mu impso. Ngati muli ndi C3G, mungakumane ndi kusintha kwa mkodzo wanu, kutupa, kupweteka kwa mafupa, mavuto a masomphenya, ndi kutopa.

Mungakumane ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana pamene mukuvomereza matendawa ndikusintha momwe C3G ingakhudzire moyo wanu. Musadandaule, simuli nokha. Dzipatseni nthawi ndi malo oti muphunzire za C3G ndi njira zanu zochiritsira. Kuphunzira za njira zomwe mungasankhe komanso zomwe mungayembekezere kungakuthandizeni kuthana ndi malingaliro anu mwanjira yathanzi komanso yopindulitsa. Madokotala alipo kuti akupatseni chidziwitso ndi chitsogozo. Ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse, mukufuna upangiri kapena chithandizo, lankhulani nawo. Kumbukirani, mukazindikira matendawa msanga komanso kulandira chithandizo choyenera, mutha kuwongolera matendawa ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

C3G , matenda a impso, complement 3, glomerulopathy, kulephera kwa impso, mapuloteni a mkodzo, dialysis