Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati mukudzuka m'mawa mukumva bwino, koma tsiku likamapita, mumamva ngati mulibe mphamvu? Zili ngati minofu yanu ndi yofooka kwambiri moti simungathe kuchita chilichonse, makamaka maso anu ndi olemera, ndipo mumavutika kulankhula kapena kumeza chakudya? Ngati mwakumanapo ndi zoterezi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe matenda omwe tikukamba lero otchedwa 'Myasthenia Gravis'. Ngakhale izi sizikudziwika bwino, mukangomvetsa mosavuta, mutha kupeza mayankho a mafunso ambiri.
Mwachidule, kodi Myasthenia Gravis ndi chiyani?
Myasthenia gravis, kapena MG mwachidule, ndi vuto la autoimmune . Mwachidule, ndi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi lathu, chitetezo cha mthupi, chimaukira ziwalo za thupi lathu molakwika. Mu MG, chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira kulumikizana pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu yathu.
Izi zimapangitsa kuti minofu yomwe imalumikizana ndi mafupa athu ifooke pang'onopang'ono. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri:
- Kwa minofu m'maso mwanu, pankhope, pakhosi, m'manja, ndi m'miyendo.
Kufooka kumeneku kungakupangitseni kukhala kovuta kuchita zinthu monga:
- Yendetsani maso anu mozungulira, thimulani.
- Khalani maso.
- Fotokozani malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndi nkhope yanu.
- Kutafuna chakudya, kumeza, ndi kulankhula.
- Kwezani manja anu, kwezani zinthu zanu.
- Kwerani masitepe, dzukani pampando.
Chinthu chapadera komanso chofunikira kwambiri pa matendawa ndichakuti kufooka kwa minofu kumawonjezeka mukakhala ndi zochita zambiri, koma kumabweranso ndi moyo mukapuma kwakanthawi kochepa.
Uwu ndi matenda osatha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe mankhwala ofanana ndi onse. Koma musadandaule, ndi mankhwala ogwira mtima kwambiri a masiku ano, aliyense akhoza kuthana ndi zizindikiro zake ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya myasthenia gravis?
Inde, pali mitundu ikuluikulu ingapo ya vutoli. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
| Mtundu wa matenda (Mtundu) | Kufotokozera Mwachidule |
|---|---|
| Myasthenia Yodziyimira Payokha | Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri. Umayambitsidwa ndi ma antibodies ena omwe amapangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Chifukwa chenicheni sichikudziwika. |
| Myasthenia ya ana aang'ono | Matenda akanthawi kochepa omwe amayamba chifukwa chakuti mwana amalandira ma antibodies kuchokera kwa mayi yemwe ali ndi MG panthawi ya mimba. Mwana akangobadwa, amatha kulira mofooka komanso kuvutika kuyamwa. Zizindikirozi zimatha patatha miyezi itatu. |
| Myasthenia yobadwa nayo | Imeneyi si vuto la autoimmune. Ndi vuto losowa lomwe limachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini. |
Matenda ofala kwambiri a myasthenia gravis omwe amakhudza chitetezo chamthupi amagawidwanso m'magulu awiri akuluakulu.
Myasthenia ya maso
Imeneyi ndi vuto lomwe minofu yokha yomwe imasuntha maso ndi zikope zimafooka. Izi zingapangitse kuti zikope zanu zigwedezeke kapena kuti zikhale zovuta kuti maso anu atseguke. Anthu ena amathanso kuona zinthu ziwiri. Kufooka kwa maso kumeneku nthawi zambiri ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha MG. Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli pamapeto pake amakhala ndi masomphenya ambiri.
Myasthenia yodziwika bwino
Mu mkhalidwe umenewu, kuwonjezera pa minofu ya maso, minofu ya nkhope, khosi, manja, miyendo, ndi pakhosi imafookanso. Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kulankhula, kumeza chakudya, kukweza manja anu pamwamba pa mutu wanu, kudzuka kuchokera pamalo okhala, kuyenda mtunda wautali, ndikukwera masitepe.
Kodi matendawa amakula bwanji? Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani m’thupi mwathu?
Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tangoganizani kuti ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu yathu uli ngati womwe ulipo pakati pa woponya mpira ndi wogwira mpira pamasewera a cricket.
1. Woponya mpira (mitsempha): Mitsempha ndi yomwe imatumiza uthenga ku minofu kuti "igwire".
2. Mpira (Acetylcholine): Uthengawu umatumizidwa kudzera mu mankhwala otchedwa 'acetylcholine'. Uwu ndi 'mpira' wathu.
3. Magolovesi a woyendetsa mpira (ma receptor): Pali malo apadera pachikhatho kuti mugwire 'mpira' uwu. Timawatcha 'ma receptor'. Izi zili ngati 'golovesi' ya woyendetsa mpira.
Kawirikawiri, 'mpira' (acetylcholine) wotumizidwa kuchokera ku mitsempha umagwirizana ndi 'glove' (receptor) mu minofu. Pamenepo minofu imalandira chizindikiro kuti igwire. Izi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri, popanda kusokoneza kulikonse.
Komabe, chinthu china chosiyana chimachitika m'thupi la munthu amene ali ndi myasthenia gravis.
Chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chimapanga ma antibodies olakwika ndikutseka kapena kuwononga ma receptors mu minofu. Kenako, ngakhale kuti mitsempha imatumiza mpirawo, palibe glove yoti igwire. Chifukwa chake, minofuyo silandira chizindikiro choyenera, kotero imafooka. Mukagwira ntchito molimbika, minofuyo imakhala yofooka kwambiri chifukwa singathe kugwira mpirawo. Mukapuma, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito gloveyo pang'ono, kuti ibwererenso ku moyo. Kodi mukumvetsa?
Kodi zizindikiro zazikulu za myasthenia gravis ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za MG zimatha kuyamba mwadzidzidzi. Zimathanso kusintha mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku komanso nthawi ndi nthawi. Anthu ambiri amamva kuti ali ndi mphamvu kumayambiriro kwa tsiku ndipo amafooka kumapeto kwa tsiku.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Chikope chofooka (Ptosis) | Kugwa kwa zikope m'diso limodzi kapena onse awiri. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri. |
| Kuona zinthu molakwika kapena kawiri | Kufooka kwa minofu yomwe imasuntha maso kungayambitse kuwona kawiri. |
| Kuvuta kulankhula, kumeza, kapena kutafuna | Zinthu monga kusintha mawu polankhula, kuvutika kumeza, kulephera kudya, komanso kuvutika kutafuna zingachitike. |
| Kufooka m'manja, miyendo, ndi khosi | Manja amatopa mosavuta akamachita zinthu monga kunyamula, kupesa tsitsi, kutsuka mano, kuvutika kuyenda, komanso kuvutika kukweza mutu mmwamba. |
| Kusintha kwa nkhope | Kusawonetsa nkhope yofanana ndi yachizolowezi mukamwetulira, kungakupangitseni kuwoneka ngati "mukukakamiza kumwetulira." |
| Kuvuta kupuma | Uwu ndi vuto loopsa komanso lachangu. Ngati mukumva kupuma movutikira chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu yopumira, muyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo. Izi zimatchedwa 'Myasthenic Crisis'. |
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani kaye za mbiri yanu yachipatala ndikukuyesani. Kenako angakupatseni mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa:
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Magazi anu adzawunikidwa kuti awone ngati pali ma antibodies osazolowereka omwe tidakambirana kale (`acetylcholine receptor antibodies` kapena `MuSK antibodies`). Pafupifupi 85% ya anthu omwe ali ndi MG ali ndi ma antibodies amenewa m'magazi mwawo.
- Kujambula zithunzi: Kujambula kwa CT kapena MRI kungachitike kuti muwone ngati pali vuto kapena chotupa (thymoma) mu thymus gland yanu.
- Electromyography (EMG): Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yapadera yomwe imayang'ana zolakwika zilizonse panjira yomwe zizindikiro zamagetsi zimafalikira pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu.
Kutengera ndi zotsatira za mayesowa, dokotala wanu adzadziwa siteji ya vuto lanu ndikukupatsani njira yoyenera yothandizira.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Choyamba, MG ndi matenda ochiritsika. Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala, pali mankhwala ambiri ogwira mtima omwe alipo masiku ano omwe angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino komanso wokangalika.
Pali njira zingapo zochizira:
- Mankhwala:
- Mankhwala monga `cholinesterase inhibitors` amathandiza kuti zizindikiro zifalikire pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya minofu.
- Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, monga corticosteroids, amachepetsa kupanga ma antibodies osazolowereka.
- Ma antibodies a monoclonal:Awa ndi mapuloteni apadera omwe amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Amawongolera momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwirira ntchito.
- Kusinthana kwa plasma (Plasmapheresis): Izi zimaphatikizapo kukulumikizani ku makina apadera omwe amachotsa gawo la plasma m'magazi anu lomwe lili ndi ma antibodies oopsa ndikulisintha ndi plasma yathanzi kapena yankho.
- IV immunoglobulin (IVIG): Kulowetsedwa kwa ma antibodies kudzera m'mitsempha kuchokera kwa opereka athanzi. Izi zimathandiza kuletsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
- Opaleshoni: Kwa anthu ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi chotupa cha thymus, gland imachotsedwa opaleshoni ('thymectomy'). Izi zimatha kuletsa kwambiri zizindikiro.
Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo choyenera kwambiri pa vuto lanu.
Kodi tingatani kuti tidziteteze tokha pamene tikukhala ndi zizindikiro?
Pamene mukulandira chithandizo, kusintha pang'ono moyo wanu kungathandize kuti mukhale ndi vutoli mosavuta.
- Kuchita Masewera Olimbitsa Thupi: Funsani dokotala wanu ndipo muchite masewera olimbitsa thupi opepuka omwe ali oyenera kwa inu . Izi zidzalimbitsa minofu yanu, kumasula malingaliro anu, ndikukupatsani mphamvu.
- Pewani kutentha: Kutentha kwambiri kungapangitse kuti zizindikiro za matendawa ziwonjezeke. Choncho pewani kutuluka padzuwa lotentha masana. Mukamva kutentha, ikani nsalu yoviikidwa m'madzi ozizira pakhosi ndi pamphumi panu.
- Zakudya zabwino: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi chakudya cham'mimba kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu.
- Konzani ntchito yanu: Chitani ntchito zomwe zimafuna khama lalikulu mukakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza m'mawa.
- Kupuma n'kofunika: Pumulani pang'ono tsiku lonse. Gonani pang'ono. Mvetserani thupi lanu. Musamadzikakamize kugwira ntchito mukatopa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Myasthenia gravis (MG) ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chitetezo chamthupi chathu, koma amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino .
- Ngati mukuona zizindikiro monga kufooka kwa maso, kusawona bwino, kuvutika kulankhula kapena kumeza, kapena kutopa kosazolowereka komwe kumawonjezeka tsiku lonse, pitani kwa dokotala mwamsanga.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi vuto lililonse lopuma, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Padzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa ikhoza kukhala vuto lachipatala (myasthenic crisis) .
- Ndi chithandizo choyenera, kutsatira uphungu wa dokotala wanu, komanso kusintha moyo wanu mosavuta, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MG akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wokhutira komanso wokangalika . Palibe chifukwa choopa.
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