Kodi tingolankhula za kufalikira kwa khansa?

N'zovuta kufotokoza m'mawu mafunso, mantha, ndi nkhawa zomwe zimabwera m'maganizo mwa munthu akapezeka ndi khansa. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa adakumanapo ndi zomwezi, mwina mudamvapo mawu oti "Gawo" mukamalankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Mukamva zinthu monga "Iyi ndi Gawo Lachiwiri," "Ndi nkhani yaikulu chifukwa ndi Gawo Lachinayi," zingakhale zovuta kumvetsa tanthauzo la manambala ndi zilembo izi. Koma musachite mantha. Cholinga chake ndi kufotokoza izi m'njira yomwe mungamvetse, mosavuta.

Kodi kwenikweni gawo la khansa ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, gawo la khansa ndi njira yodziwira momwe khansa yafalikira m'thupi lanu komanso momwe yakulira. Monga momwe timagwiritsira ntchito mapu kuti tipeze njira yathu tikamayenda, mapu awa otchedwa 'Gawo' amathandiza madokotala kukonzekera chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha khansa yanu.

Madokotala a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi pozindikira matenda, kukonzekera chithandizo, komanso kuyeza momwe mankhwalawo amathandizira.

Nchifukwa chiyani gawo ili ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa madokotala?

Kuchiza khansa kuli ngati masewera a timu. Si dokotala mmodzi yekha, koma anthu ambiri amakonda madokotala a opaleshoni, madokotala a khansa, ndi akatswiri a radiation omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi. Choncho aliyense amafunika chilankhulo chimodzi kuti amvetse momwe khansa ilili mofanana. Chilankhulo chofala chimenecho ndi Staging System .

Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe izi zilili zofunika:

• Sankhani chithandizo chabwino kwambiri: Gawo la khansa limatsimikiza ngati opaleshoni, chemotherapy, radiation, kapena kuphatikiza kwa izi kudzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chithandizo choperekedwa kwa khansa ya Gawo I si chofanana ndi chithandizo choperekedwa kwa khansa ya Gawo IV.
• Dziwani za tsogolo: Kutengera ndi gawo la khansa, komanso mtundu wa khansa, madokotala amatha kudziwa bwino mwayi wa wodwalayo wochira komanso nthawi yomwe chithandizo chidzafunika.
• Zosavuta kwa gulu la zachipatala: Dokotala wina akamauza dokotala wina za wodwala n’kunena kuti “Khansa ya m’mawere ya Gawo IIIB,” dokotala amene amamvetsera amatha kumvetsa bwino momwe wodwalayo alili.
• Thandizo pa kafukufuku watsopano:Njirayi ndi yothandiza kwambiri kwa asayansi omwe amafufuza khansa padziko lonse lapansi, kuyerekeza zotsatira za chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu womwewo komanso nthawi yomweyo, ndikupeza mankhwala atsopano ogwira mtima kwambiri.

Kodi gawo la khansa iyi limatsimikizika bwanji?

Madokotala akamadziwa siteji ya khansa, amaganizira zinthu zitatu zazikulu:

1. Kukula ndi kukula kwa chotupa: Kodi chotupacho ndi chachikulu bwanji? Kodi chafalikira mozama bwanji m'minofu yozungulira?

2. Malo a chotupa: Kodi khansa ili komwe inayambira?

3. Kufalikira: Kodi khansa yafalikira kupitirira pomwe inayambira, ku ma lymph nodes apafupi kapena ku ziwalo zina zakutali m'thupi?

Tidzakambirana za mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira zinthuzi mtsogolo. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone njira zazikulu zomwe milandu iyi imagawidwira m'magulu.

Magawo a khansa m'magawo (Magawo 0-IV)

Ziphuphu zambiri zolimba zimagawidwa m'magulu pogwiritsa ntchito manambala kuyambira pa zero mpaka anayi. Tiyeni tiwone mosavuta chilichonse.

Kodi zilembo izi A, B, ndi C zikutanthauza chiyani?

Nthawi zina mungamve dokotala wanu akunena kuti "Gawo IIA (2A)" kapena "Gawo IIIB (3B)." Apa ndi pomwe chilembo chimawonjezedwa ku nambala kuti chipereke tsatanetsatane wa gawo la khansa.

Kawirikawiri, pansi pa nambala yomweyi, chilembo A chimasonyeza kuukira kofala pang'ono komanso kosaopsa kwambiri. Pamene zilembo zikupita patsogolo (B, C), kuopsa ndi liwiro zimawonjezeka.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Gawo la IIB ndi lovuta pang'ono kuposa Gawo la IIA.
• Koma Gawo IIIA ndi loopsa kwambiri kuposa Gawo IIB (chifukwa nambala yake ndi III).

Kodi dongosolo la TNM ndi chiyani?

Iyi ndi njira ina yasayansi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pogawa milandu ya khansa m'magulu. Imayesa zinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe tidakambirana kale.

Dokotala wanu adzaphatikiza T, N, ndi M kuti adziwe gawo lanu lonse (monga Gawo IIB). Komabe, njira ya TNM imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zotupa zolimba, monga khansa ya m'mawere, mapapo, ndi m'matumbo. Njira zina zogawa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'magazi, monga khansa ya m'magazi.

Ndi mayeso otani omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe chiopsezo cha khansa?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe gawo lenileni la khansa yanu. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography scan): Izi zimatenga zithunzi za m'mbali zitatu (3D) za mkati mwa thupi ndipo zimatha kuona bwino komwe khansa ili, kukula kwake, komanso ngati yafalikira ku ziwalo zozungulira.
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron Emission Tomography scan): Izi zimayang'ana makamaka maselo a khansa omwe afalikira mbali zakutali za thupi. Popeza maselo a khansa amagwira ntchito kwambiri, amatha kupezeka mosavuta pa kujambulidwa kumeneku.
• Endoscopy: Njira yomwe chubu chopyapyala, chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera chimayikidwa m'mimba mwa thupi (monga m'mimba, m'matumbo) kuti chione ngati chili ndi khansa mkati mwake.
• Kuyeza kwa khansa: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yoyezera. Kachidutswa kakang'ono kwambiri ka chotupa kapena minofu yokayikitsa kamachotsedwa opaleshoni ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Njirayi imatsimikiza ngati ndi khansa kapena ayi, ndipo ngati ndi khansa, ndi khansa yamtundu wanji.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Mitundu ina ya khansa ingayambitse kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni apadera (zolemba za chotupa) m'magazi. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kungapereke chithunzi cha kukula kwa chotupacho kapena momwe khansayo ikuyendera.

Kodi gawo langa la khansa lingasinthe pambuyo pake?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti gawo limasintha pamene khansa ikufalikira. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, nambala ya gawo lomwe mumapatsidwa mukapezeka ndi matendawa koyamba siisintha.

Tiyeni timvetse ndi chitsanzo.

Tangoganizani munthu wapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mawere ya Gawo Lachiwiri poyamba. Amalandira chithandizo chonse chofunikira. Koma patatha zaka zingapo, khansayo inafalikira ku chiwindi chake.

Kenako madokotala sakanati ndi "Khansa ya Gawo Lachinayi."

Imatchedwa " Khansa ya m'mawere ya Gawo Lachiwiri yomwe yafalikira ku chiwindi (metastatic) ." Gawo lanu loyamba nthawi zonse limanenedwa choncho. Kenako kusinthaku kumafotokozedwa padera.

Komanso, ngati palibe zizindikiro za khansa zomwe zingapezeke mutalandira chithandizo, vutoli limatchedwa Complete Remission kapena NED (palibe umboni wa matenda) .

Kukhala ndi khansa sikophweka. Kumva manambala, zilembo, ndi mawu awa kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Koma kumbukirani, zonsezi zimachitika kuti mulandire chithandizo chabwino kwambiri. Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za mafunso kapena mantha omwe muli nawo. Zimenezi zikupatsani mphamvu zopitirizira ulendowu.