Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo

Kodi mwakhala mukutsokomola kwa kanthawi? Mwina kumatsagana ndi phlegm? Kapena mumamva kupuma movutikira? Nthawi zambiri timaiwala zinthuzi, poganiza kuti ndi chimfine wamba. Koma nthawi zambiri, pangakhale china chake chomwe chili kumbuyo kwa chizindikiro chaching'ono chomwe tiyenera kusamala nacho. Lero tikambirana za matenda osowa koma ofunika kwambiri a khansa m'mapapo. Umenewo ndi Matenda a Khansa ya M'mapapo.

Mwachidule, kodi zotupa za khansa ya m'mapapo izi ndi ziti?

Izi zikufunika kufotokozera pang'ono. Pali mtundu wapadera wa selo m'thupi lathu womwe ndi wa dongosolo la mitsempha ndi dongosolo la mahomoni. Timatcha maselo a neuroendocrine awa. Ganizirani maselo awa ngati ogwirizanitsa m'thupi lathu. Uthenga ukachokera ku dongosolo la mitsempha, ntchito yawo ndi kupanga mahomoni poyankha ndikuwongolera zochitika zosiyanasiyana m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, maselo awa amathandiza kulamulira momwe mpweya wathu umalowera m'mapapo ndi momwe chakudya chimayendera kudzera m'mimba.

Chifukwa chake, pazifukwa zina, pamene maselo a neuroendocrine awa ayamba kugawikana ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika, zotupa zimapangidwa m'malo amenewo. Timatcha zotupa za carcinoid zam'mapapo kuti zotupa za khansa zomwe zimayambira m'maselo a neuroendocrine awa m'mapapo.

Koma musachite mantha mukamva mawu oti "khansa." Chifukwa pali mitundu iwiri ya zotupa za carcinoid izi. Ziwirizi zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri.

Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma cyst a cassinoid

Amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu kutengera kukula kwawo komanso kuthekera kwawo kufalikira.

Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli zingakhale zotani?

Nthawi zambiri, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ziphuphu nthawi zambiri, palibe zizindikiro . Zimapezeka mwangozi, ngati kuti zili pa X-ray pachifuwa pazifukwa zina. Komabe, anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Chifuwa chosalekeza (nthawi zina chimakhala ndi magazi kapena ntchofu)
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma movutikira)
• Kumva phokoso lochepa la 'kuimba mluzu' popuma (kupuma movutikira)

Matenda apadera otchedwa Carcinoid Syndrome

Kawirikawiri, zotupazi zimayamba kutulutsa mahomoni ambiri otchedwa serotonin. Izi zingayambitse kusalingana kwa mahomoni m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimatchedwa carcinoid syndrome . Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri
• Kufiira kapena kumva kutentha pankhope ndi pakhosi (kutsuka)
• Kulemera popanda chifukwa
• Kuvuta kupuma kapena zizindikiro zofanana ndi mphumu

Ngati zizindikirozi zikupezeka, ndikofunikira kupeza upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

N’chifukwa chiyani zotupa zimakhala ngati izi? Kodi pali zinthu zina zomwe zingatiopseze?

Ndipotu, chifukwa chenicheni chomwe maselo a neuroendocrine awa amayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika sichinapezekebe .

Komabe, anthu ena apezeka kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa. Zinthu izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kukhala ndi vuto la majini losowa kwambiri lobadwa nalo lotchedwa Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) .
• Kusuta (makamaka kwa mtundu wa atypical)
• Kukhala mkazi (akazi ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wokhala ndi vutoli)
• Kukhala ndi zaka zapakati pa 45 ndi 55. Ngakhale kuti matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka izi, vutoli limatha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse, ngakhale kwa ana aang'ono kwambiri.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji vutoli?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, choyamba muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wanu. Iye adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, kumvetsera pachifuwa chanu ndi stethoscope, ndipo ngati mukukayikira, alimbikitseni mayeso ena kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

1. Kujambula: Gawo loyamba ndikutenga X-ray pachifuwa . Ngati pali vuto lililonse, CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) ikhoza kuyitanidwa. CT scan ikhoza kupanga zithunzi zomveka bwino za mapapo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti kukula ndi malo a chotupacho zidziwike.

2. Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumachitika kuti aone ngati mahomoni ena opangidwa ndi zotupazi alipo m'magazi kapena mkodzo.

3. Kuyeza kwa thupi: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotsimikizira matendawa 100%. Apa, chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikuchiyang'ana pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Izi zitha kudziwa ngati chotupacho ndi chotupa cha carcinoid, chachizolowezi kapena chosazolowereka. Njira yodziwika kwambiri yopezera chitsanzo cha minofu iyi ndi bronchoscopy . Apa, chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera yaying'ono chimadutsa m'njira zopumira kuti chifufuze chotupacho ndipo chidutswa chaching'ono chimatengedwa.

Kodi njira zochiritsira ndi ziti?

Chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu chidzadalira mtundu, kukula, malo a chotupacho, ndi thanzi lanu lonse. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti zotupa zambiri za m'mapapo zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zimatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni yokha.

Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zothandizira:

• Opaleshoni:
• Kuchotsa Lobectomy: Kuchotsa kwathunthu lobe ya mapapo pomwe pali chotupa.
• Kuchotsa chotupa ndi minofu yochepa yozungulira: Kuchotsa chotupa chokha ndi minofu yochepa yozungulira.
• Kuchotsa mapapo: Nthawi zambiri, mapapo onse amafunika kuchotsedwa.
• Kuchotsa ma lymph node: Dokotala angasankhe kuchotsa ma lymph node apafupi kuti aone ngati khansa yafalikira komanso kuti apewe kufalikira kwina.

• Chithandizo cha Radiation: Chithandizochi chimaperekedwa ngati opaleshoni singathe kuchotsa chotupa chonse kapena ngati wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lachipatala lomwe limapangitsa kuti opaleshoniyo isatheke. Chimaphatikizapo radiation yakunja kapena kuyika zinthu zazing'ono zowononga pafupi ndi chotupacho (brachytherapy).

• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy:Popeza zotupa zimenezi zimakula pang'onopang'ono, mankhwala ochiritsira a chemotherapy, omwe amakhudza maselo omwe amakula mofulumira, sagwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, chithandizochi sichimaperekedwa kawirikawiri kwa mitundu yachibadwa. Komabe, chithandizochi chingakhale chofunikira kwa mitundu yachilendo yomwe imakula mofulumira kapena ikafalikira ku ziwalo zina.

• Mankhwala ena:
• Octreotide: Mankhwala a mahomoni awa amaperekedwa kuti athetse zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda a carcinoid.
• Mankhwala oletsa MTOR (monga Everolimus): Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaletsa kukula kwa chotupa.

Kodi chiŵerengero cha kuchira ndi chiyembekezo chanji?

Ili ndi vuto kwa anthu ambiri.

Matenda a khansa omwe sali ofala ndi ovuta kuchiza. Chiwopsezo cha kubwereranso ndi chachikulu pang'ono. Komabe, vutoli lingathenso kuthetsedwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochiritsira.

Ponseponse, kuchuluka kwa zaka zisanu kwa mitundu yonse ya khansa ya m'mapapo ndi 89% yokwera kwambiri . Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwa anthu 100 omwe apezeka ndi matendawa, 89 amakhalabe athanzi patatha zaka 5.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zoipiraipira, makamaka kupuma movutikira, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena kuchepa thupi kosayembekezereka, dziwitsani dokotala wanu. Musazengereze kulankhula za mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse.

Nthawi yoti mupite ku ETU (Emergency Treatment Unit) nthawi yomweyo

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa izi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa ya chipatala chapafupi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo:

• Kumva kupuma movutikira kwambiri (ngakhale mutapumula).
• Kutsokomola magazi.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa kwatsopano kapena kowonjezereka.
• Kusokonezeka kapena kusintha kwa chidziwitso.
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wa buluu wa khungu, milomo, kapena misomali (cyanosis).

Mafunso oti mufunse dokotala wanu

Ndizachilendo kukhala ndi mafunso mukalandira matenda ngati awa. Zingakhale zothandiza kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso ngati awa:

• Kodi izi ndi zachilendo kapena zachilendo?
• Kodi izi zafalikira kumadera ena?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chanji?
• Kodi chiyembekezo cha mtundu uwu wa chotupa ndi chiyani?
• Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi zizindikiro kunyumba?

Kupeza matenda aliwonse a khansa n'kovuta. Koma kumbukirani kuti matenda ambiri a m'mapapo otchedwa carcinoid amatha kuchiritsidwa ndipo ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa choti abwererenso. Kambiranani momasuka ndi gulu lanu lachipatala za zomwe mungayembekezere pa vuto lanu. Adzakufotokozerani njira zabwino kwambiri zochiritsira ndikuyankha mafunso aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo.