Mawu akuti "chemotherapy" kapena "chemotherapy" amabweretsa mantha ndi nkhawa kwa ambiri a ife. Mwina inuyo kapena wokondedwa wanu mwauzidwa za chithandizochi ndi dokotala. Kapena mwina mukungofuna kudziwa zambiri za ichi. Kaya chifukwa chake ndi chiyani, mantha omwe amabwera m'maganizo mwanu mukamva dzinali ndi oyenera. Koma kwenikweni, chemotherapy ndi imodzi mwa zida zamphamvu komanso zothandiza kwambiri zomwe tili nazo polimbana ndi khansa. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tisiye mantha athu ndikulankhula mwachidule komanso moona mtima za zomwe zili, momwe zimagwirira ntchito, komanso chifukwa chake zotsatirapo zake zimachitika.
Kodi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, chemotherapy ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kuti aphe maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kukula. Awa ndi mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri. Amatchedwa "mankhwala a chemo."
Kuti timvetse momwe izi zimagwirira ntchito, choyamba tiyeni tiwone maselo m'thupi lathu. Matupi athu amapangidwa ndi mabiliyoni ambiri a maselo. Maselo athanzi amagawikana akafunika, amapanga maselo atsopano, ndipo amafa akasafunikiranso. Iyi ndi njira yolongosoka kwambiri. Timatcha izi kuti 'Cell Cycle'.
Koma maselo a khansa ndi osiyana, osadalirika kwambiri. Sagwira ntchito motere. Amapitiriza kugawikana ndikukula popanda kulamulira, koma safa. Kugawikana kosalamulirika kumeneku ndi komwe kumapanga zotupa. Izi zitha kuwononganso minofu yathanzi.
Apa ndi pomwe mankhwala a chemotherapy amayambira. Cholinga chachikulu cha mankhwala a chemotherapy ndikugawa maselo mwachangu. Popeza maselo a khansa ndi mtundu wa selo lomwe limagawikana mwachangu kwambiri, mankhwala a chemotherapy amapita mwachindunji ku maselo a khansa awa. Amaletsa kugawikana kwa maselo amenewo ndikuwononga. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amaletsa kupanga maselo atsopano a khansa.
Kodi chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yokha?
Nthawi zambiri, inde. Chemotherapy ndiye mankhwala akuluakulu a khansa. Dokotala wanu wa khansa angakulangizeni mankhwala a chemotherapy kuwonjezera pa mankhwala ena. Mwachitsanzo:
- Opaleshoni: Mankhwala a chemotherapy angaperekedwe kuti achepetse chotupa chisanadulidwe ndi kuchotsedwa. Mankhwala a chemotherapy angaperekedwenso kuti aphe maselo otsala a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
- Chithandizo cha Radiation: Kupereka chithandizo cha radiation pamodzi ndi chemotherapy kungathandize kuti chithandizocho chipambane.
- Mankhwala ena: Nthawi zina amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala amakono monga `Immunotherapy` kapena `Targeted Therapy`.
Koma pali nthawi zina pomwe mankhwala a chemotherapy sagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yokha, komanso pa matenda ena angapo.
- Matenda Odziteteza Kuthupi:Mu matenda amenewa, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu (chitetezo cha mthupi) chimawononga maselo athu athanzi molakwika. Mankhwala a chemotherapy amalamulira kukula kwa maselo oteteza awa omwe amagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe amabweretsa mthupi.
- Matenda a Magazi: Mu matenda ena a magazi, mafupa athu amapanga maselo a magazi osazolowereka. Pazochitika zotere, kuikidwa maselo oyambira kungakhale kofunikira. Asanachite zimenezo, mankhwala a chemotherapy amaperekedwa kuti awononge maselo osazolowerekawa ndikupatsa malo maselo atsopano athanzi.
Kodi mitundu ya mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi iti?
Ngakhale kuti imatchedwa "chemo," si mankhwala amodzi okha. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala a chemo. Amagawidwa m'magulu angapo kutengera zomwe apangidwa ndi momwe amaphera maselo a khansa. Dokotala wanu adzasankha mankhwala kapena kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala omwe ali abwino kwa inu kutengera mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, momwe yafalikira (siteji), komanso thanzi lanu lonse.
Nthawi zina, m'malo mwa mankhwala amodzi okha, mankhwala angapo amaperekedwa pamodzi. Tikutcha mankhwala ophatikizana awa kuti chemotherapy . Izi zimachitika kuti chithandizochi chikhale chogwira mtima kwambiri. Chifukwa mankhwala aliwonse amaukira maselo a khansa m'njira yosiyana. Zimathandizanso kuti thupi lisagonje ku mankhwala omwewo.
Gome ili m'munsimu likuwonetsa magulu angapo akuluakulu a mankhwala a chemotherapy.
| Dzina la gulu la Chemo | Kodi amagwira ntchito bwanji? | Zitsanzo zina |
|---|---|---|
| Othandizira Alkylating | Izi zimawononga DNA ya maselo a khansa, zomwe zimawalepheretsa kugawikana. Mtundu winawake womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zotupa za muubongo ulinso m'gululi. | Cyclophosphamide, Carboplatin, Cisplatin |
| Mankhwala oletsa metabolism | Izi zimanyenga selo la khansa. Zimanamizira kuti ndi zinthu zofunika popanga DNA, yomwe imafunika kuti maselo agawikane, kenako n’kusokoneza njira imeneyo. Zili ngati kupereka njerwa zolakwika kuti amange khoma. | Methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, Gemcitabine |
| Zoletsa za Topoisomerase | Maselo a khansa ali ndi enzyme yapadera (`Topoisomerase`) yomwe imathandiza DNA kubwerezabwereza ikagawikana. Mankhwalawa amaletsa kugwira ntchito kwa enzyme imeneyo. | Etoposide, Irinotecan, Topotecan |
| Zoletsa Mitotic | Izi nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zomera. Ndicho chifukwa chake zimatchedwanso 'zomera za alkaloids.' Chomwe amachita ndikuletsa njira (`Mitosis`) pomwe maselo a khansa amagawikana ndikupanga maselo awiri. | Paclitaxel, Docetaxel, Vincristine |
| Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa | Izi zimalepheretsanso DNA mkati mwa maselo a khansa kuti isaberekenso. Nthawi zina zimawononga DNA. Izi sizili ngati maantibayotiki omwe nthawi zambiri timamwa pa matenda. | Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin-C |
Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi mitundu ya mankhwala ndi mayina awo. Dokotala wanu adzasankha chithandizo chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu ndipo adzakufotokozerani momveka bwino.
Tiyeni tikambirane za zotsatirapo zomwe aliyense amaopa.
Pokamba za mankhwala a chemo, n'zosatheka kunyalanyaza zotsatira zake. Izi ndi zomwe zimawopseza anthu ambiri. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani zotsatira zake zimachitika?
Kumbukirani kuti tinanena kale kuti mankhwala a chemotherapy amalimbana ndi maselo omwe amagawikana mofulumira . Sikuti maselo a khansa okha, komanso maselo ena athanzi m'thupi lathu amagawikananso mwachangu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:
- Maselo omwe ali pamizu ya tsitsi lathu
- Maselo okhala pakamwa ndi m'mimba
- Maselo opanga magazi m'mafupa
Mankhwala a chemotherapy sangasiyanitse maselo a khansa ndi maselo athanzi. Chifukwa chake, akamaukira maselo a khansa, amawononganso maselo athanzi omwe amagawikana mwachangu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zotsatirapo zake zimakhalapo.
Koma chinthu chabwino apa ndichakuti maselo athu athanzi amatha kuchira ku kuwonongeka kumeneku. Koma maselo a khansa sangathe, amangofa.
Zotsatira zoyipa zofala
Zotsatirapo zake zimatha kusiyana kutengera mtundu wa mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe mumalandira. Si aliyense amene amalandira zotsatirapo zomwezo. Zofala kwambiri ndi izi:
- Kutopa: Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nacho.
- Kusanza ndi Kusanza: Koma tsopano pali mankhwala abwino kwambiri oletsa izi.
- Kutaya tsitsi: Si mankhwala onse a chemo omwe amachititsa kuti tsitsi litayike. Ngakhale atatero, tsitsi lidzakulanso pambuyo poti chithandizo chatha.
- Zilonda pakamwa: Zilonda zazing'ono zimatha kumera m'kamwa.
- Kusowa chilakolako: Kukoma kwa chakudya kumatha kusintha.
- Kutsegula m'mimba kapena kudzimbidwa
- Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha maselo m'magazi: Mafupa amakhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo ofiira a m'magazi achepe, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi , komanso kuchepa kwa maselo oyera m'magazi, zomwe zimayambitsa neutropenia . Neutropenia ikachitika, mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi majeremusi imachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda ayambe mosavuta.
Chofunika kwambiri: Musasiye kulandira chithandizo chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zake. Pali njira ndi mankhwala oti muchepetsere zotsatirapo zake zonse. Dokotala wanu ndi ogwira ntchito yosamalira anamwino adzachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti akuthandizeni.
Ndiyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala nthawi yanji?
Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi kulankhulana bwino pakati pa inu ndi dokotala wanu panthawi ya chithandizo cha mankhwala a chemo. Musaope kuuza dokotala wanu za kusasangalala kulikonse kapena zotsatirapo zina zomwe mukukumana nazo.
- Ngati muli ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe simungazipirire, ndiuzeni nthawi yomweyo.
- Mundiuze ngati mankhwala a nseru ndi ululu sakugwira ntchito.
- Ngati mwayamba matenda monga malungo kapena chimfine, tidziwitseni nthawi yomweyo.
Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala ena kapena kusintha mlingo kapena nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a chemotherapy. Kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha paulendowu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala amphamvu komanso othandiza polimbana ndi khansa. Musachite mantha ndi khansa popanda chifukwa.
- Imagwira ntchito polimbana ndi maselo omwe amagawikana mofulumira, monga maselo a khansa.
- Zotsatirapo zake zimachitika chifukwa maselo athanzi omwe amagawikana mofulumira nawonso amakhudzidwa. Koma zotsatirapo zake zambiri zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa ndipo zimatha kuthetsedwa.
- Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za vuto lililonse lomwe mukukumana nalo. Iwo nthawi zonse amakhala okonzeka kukuthandizani.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala molondola komanso kupezeka pa nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala.
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