Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza matenda a shuga mellitus mosavuta komanso molondola!

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe anthu ambiri amalankhula za iwo masiku ano, ndipo mwina amakuopsezani pang'ono. Anthu ena amatchanso kuti 'matenda a shuga'. Kodi matenda a shuga ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Tiyeni tikambirane momveka bwino, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse. Musachite mantha, mukamvetsetsa bwino, kusamalira matendawa si nkhani yaikulu.

Mwachidule, matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe shuga m'magazi mwanu (kapena shuga m'magazi ) amakhala okwera nthawi zonse. Izi zimachitika chifukwa kapamba wanu sapanga insulin yokwanira, kapena chifukwa maselo a thupi lanu sayankha bwino ku insulin yomwe amapanga. Amatha kukula pa msinkhu uliwonse. Mitundu yambiri ya matenda a shuga ndi ya moyo wonse (yosatha), koma mitundu yonse imatha kulamulidwa ndi mankhwala ndi kusintha moyo.

Matupi athu amapeza shuga wambiri, kapena shuga, kuchokera muzakudya zomwe timadya, makamaka zakudya zomwe zili ndi chakudya (monga mpunga, buledi, ndi maswiti). Shuga uyu ndiye mafuta akuluakulu omwe amapereka mphamvu ku maselo a thupi lathu. Ali ngati mafuta a galimoto. Chifukwa chake, shuga uyu amafunika kulowa m'maselo kuchokera m'magazi kuti apange mphamvu. Taganizirani shuga ngati munthu amene akuyesera kulowa m'nyumba, ndipo amafunikira kiyi kuti alowe m'nyumbamo. Kiyi imeneyo ndi insulin. Homoni iyi yotchedwa insulin imapangidwa ndi chiwalo chathu chotchedwa kapamba.

Tsopano, ngati kapamba wanu sapanga insulin yokwanira, kapena ngati ikugwira ntchito, koma maselo a thupi lanu sakutsegula chitseko moyenera (monga, sayankha insulin moyenera), shugayo sangalowe m'maselo. Kenako shuga yonseyo imasonkhana m'magazi, ndipo shuga m'magazi imakwera. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha shuga wambiri m'magazi (hyperglycemia) .

Ngati shuga m'magazi apitirira kukwera kwa nthawi yayitali, mavuto ambiri azaumoyo angabuke, monga matenda a mtima, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, ndi mavuto a maso.

Dzina lachipatala la matenda a shuga ndi Diabetes Mellitus . Palinso matenda ena omwe ali ndi mawu oti 'diabetes', otchedwa Diabetes Insipidus . Koma ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga omwe tikukambawa. Dzina lakuti 'diabetes' laperekedwa kwa onse awiri chifukwa onsewa amayambitsa ludzu lochuluka komanso kukodza pafupipafupi. Komabe, Diabetes Insipidus ndi yosowa kwambiri.

Mitundu Yodziwika ya Matenda a Shuga

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda a shuga. Mwina munamvapo za mayina awa.

Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri

Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a shuga. Umachitika pamene thupi lanu silipanga insulin yokwanira, kapena maselo a thupi lanu sayankha bwino ku insulin. Izi zimatchedwa kukana insulin.Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi kiyi, koma loko ya chitseko ndi yothira dzimbiri ndipo sikugwira ntchito bwino. Izi zimachitika makamaka kwa akuluakulu, koma nthawi zina zimathanso kuchitika kwa ana aang'ono.

Matenda a shuga asanakwane

Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 asanayambe kukula. Shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi wokwera kuposa nthawi zonse, koma si wokwera mokwanira kuti muzindikire kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2. Zili ngati kuwala kwachikasu, chizindikiro chochenjeza . Ngati mutachita bwino panthawiyi, mutha kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2.

Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1

Uwu ndi matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune . Ndiko kuti, chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, pazifukwa zina zosadziwika, chimaukira ndikuwononga maselo opanga insulin mu kapamba wanu. Zili ngati gulu lathu lankhondo likuukira msasa wathu. Pafupifupi 10% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ali ndi mtundu uwu. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa ana ndi achinyamata, koma amatha kufalikira pa msinkhu uliwonse.

Matenda a Shuga a Mimba

Uwu ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga omwe amayi ena amadwala panthawi ya mimba. Nthawi zambiri umatha mwana akabadwa. Komabe, ngati mutadwala matenda a shuga panthawi ya mimba, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri mtsogolo.

Mitundu Ina ya Matenda a Shuga

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu ikuluikulu iyi, palinso mitundu ina yambiri ya matenda a shuga. Ndi osowa kwambiri, koma ndi bwino kuwadziwa.

• Matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 3c: Izi zimachitika pamene pali kuwonongeka (osati kuwonongeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi) kwa kapamba wanu, zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu yake yopangira insulin. Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga kapamba, khansa ya kapamba, cystic fibrosis, ndi hemochromatosis angayambitse vutoli. Mtundu uwu wa matenda a shuga ukhozanso kuchitika ngati kapamba achotsedwa opaleshoni (pancreatectomy).
• Matenda a shuga odziteteza okha mwa akuluakulu (LADA): Izi zimachitikanso chifukwa cha matenda a autoimmune reaction, monga matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, koma amakula mwa anthu okalamba kwambiri kuposa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba. Anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a LADA nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka zoposa 30.
• Matenda a shuga okhwima a achinyamata (MODY): Matendawa amatchedwanso matenda a shuga otchedwa monogenic . Amayambitsidwa ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumadutsa m'mibadwomibadwo. Kusintha kumeneku kumakhudza momwe thupi lanu limapangira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Pali mitundu yoposa 10 ya matenda a shuga otchedwa MODY. Pafupifupi 5% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga akhoza kukhala ndi mtundu uwu, ndipo nthawi zambiri umachitika m'mabanja.
• Matenda a Shuga a Ana Obadwa Nawo:Uwu ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa matenda a shuga womwe umayamba mwa makanda aang'ono mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira ya moyo wawo. Uwu ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka mwa ana aang'ono.
• Matenda a Shuga Osauka: Uwu ndi mtundu woopsa wa matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1. Umadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi komanso shuga m'magazi.

Kodi Matenda a Shuga Ndi Ofala Motani?

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ofala kwambiri kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amakhala ndi matenda a shuga. Matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga chikuwonjezekanso m'dziko lathu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga ndi ziti? (Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga ndi ziti?)

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, ndipo zimathanso kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga. Koma pali zizindikiro zina zomwe mungakumane nazo. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa izi, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino:

• Ludzu lochuluka pafupipafupi (polydipsia) ndi pakamwa pouma.
• Kufuna kukodza pafupipafupi (makamaka usiku)
• Kutopa kwambiri komanso kutopa ngakhale kugona bwino.
• Maso osawoneka bwino.
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino (makamaka mu matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba)
• Kusanza kapena kumva kuwawa m'miyendo.
• Mabala amatenga nthawi kuti achire.
• Matenda a yisiti obwera pafupipafupi pakhungu ndi/kapena kumaliseche.

Chofunika: Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe zizindikiro zimasiyanirana kutengera mtundu wa matenda ashuga:

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba:

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba zimatha kuwoneka mwachangu kwambiri, pakatha milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimatha kuyamba ndi zizindikiro za vuto loopsa lotchedwa Diabetes-related Ketoacidosis (DKA) . DKA ndi vuto lomwe limafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu. Zizindikiro za DKA ndi kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, fungo la zipatso m'mphuno, komanso kupuma movutikira.

Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 ndi prediabetes:

Mu mitundu iyi, simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Kapena simungazizindikire chifukwa zizindikirozo zimabwera pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina, kuyezetsa magazi kosavuta kungasonyeze kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chizindikiro china cha prediabetes ndi mdima wa khungu m'malo ena a thupi lanu (monga khosi lanu ndi m'khwapa). Izi zimatchedwa acanthosis nigricans .

Zizindikiro za Matenda a Shuga a Mimba:

Nthawi zambiri simungazindikire zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a mimba panthawi ya mimba. Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani pakati pa milungu 24 ndi 28 ya mimba.

Kodi matenda a shuga amayambitsa chiyani?

Kaya mtundu wa matenda a shuga ndi wotani, matenda a shuga amapezeka pamene shuga m'magazi mwanu ndi wokwera kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi chimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga.

Nazi zifukwa zazikulu:

• Kukana kwa insulin: Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2. Chingayambitsidwe ndi kunenepa kwambiri, kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kudya mosayenera, kusalinganika kwa mahomoni, mphamvu za majini, ndi mankhwala ena.
• Matenda a Autoimmune: Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ndi LADA zimachitika pamene chitetezo chamthupi chanu chikuukira maselo opanga insulin mu kapamba wanu.
• Kusalinganika kwa Mahomoni: Pa nthawi ya mimba, mahomoni omwe amatulutsidwa ndi placenta angayambitse kukana kwa insulin. Komanso, matenda ena okhudzana ndi mahomoni monga acromegaly ndi Cushing's syndrome angayambitse matenda a shuga.
• Kuwonongeka kwa Pancreatic: Kuwonongeka kwa kapamba kungakhudze mphamvu yake yopangira insulin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 3c.
• Kusintha kwa majini: Kusintha kwina kwa majini kungayambitse matenda a shuga a MODY ndi makanda obadwa kumene.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena kwa nthawi yayitali (monga mankhwala a HIV/AIDS, corticosteroids) kungayambitsenso matenda a shuga.

Kodi mavuto a matenda a shuga ndi ati? (Kodi mavuto a matenda a shuga ndi ati?)

Ngati matenda a shuga sakulamuliridwa bwino, mavuto angapo owopsa komanso a nthawi yayitali angachitike.

Mavuto aakulu a matenda a shuga:

Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa ndipo zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu:

• Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS): Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamathe madzi m'thupi komanso kusokonezeka maganizo.
• Ketoacidosis yokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga (DKA): Thupi likasowa insulin, mafuta amatenthedwa kuti apange ma ketone, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi akhale ndi asidi.
• Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi: Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Kawirikawiri kwa anthu omwe amatenga insulin. Chithandizo cha glucagon nthawi yomweyo chingafunike.

Mavuto a nthawi yayitali a matenda a shuga:

Ngati shuga m'magazi apitirira kukhala wokwera kwa nthawi yayitali, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha zimawonongeka.

• Mavuto a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi: matenda a mtima, sitiroko, atherosclerosis, matenda a mtima.
• Kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (Neuropathy): dzanzi, kupweteka.
• Nephropathy: Kulephera kwa impso.
• Matenda a maso (Retinopathy): khungu.
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, matenda a pakhungu, komanso kudulidwa ziwalo.
• Kulephera kugonana, gastroparesis, kulephera kumva, mavuto a pakamwa (monga matenda a mano).

Kukhala ndi matenda a shuga kungakhudzenso thanzi lanu la maganizo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amakhala ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo .

Kodi Matenda a Shuga Amapezeka Bwanji?

Madokotala amazindikira matenda a shuga poyesa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwa kuyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Pali mayeso atatu akuluakulu:

• Kuyesa kwa Shuga M'magazi Osala Kusala: Kuyesa komwe kumachitika mutasala kudya kwa maola 8.
• Kuyesa kwa Shuga M'magazi Mwachisawawa: Kungachitike nthawi iliyonse.
• Kuyesa kwa A1c (kuyesa kwa HbA1c): Kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'miyezi 2-3 yapitayi.

Kuyezetsa shuga m'kamwa kumachitika kuti adziwe matenda a shuga omwe amachitika pa nthawi ya pakati.

Kodi Matenda a Shuga Amayendetsedwa Bwanji?

Pali madera anayi akuluakulu oyendetsera matenda a shuga:

• Kuwunika Shuga M'magazi: Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer kapena continuous glucose monitor (CGM).
• Mankhwala a Shuga Omwe Amamwa: Mankhwala monga Metformin, omwe nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 komanso matenda a shuga omwe ali kale m'thupi.
• Insulini: Yofunikira pa matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba. Odwala ena amtundu wachiwiri amafunikiranso. Itha kumwedwa ngati sirinji, cholembera, chopopera, kapena insulin yopumira.
• Zakudya: Zakudya zabwinoNdipo kuwerengera chakudya cham'thupi ndikofunikira.
• Kuchita Masewera Olimbitsa Thupi: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kumawonjezera mphamvu ya insulin.

Komanso, kusunga kulemera kwabwino, kuthamanga kwa magazi , ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Kulosera za Matenda a Shuga

Tsogolo la matenda a shuga limadalira mtundu wa matenda, momwe amachiritsidwira, zaka zomwe munthu amadwala, matenda ena, ndi mavuto ena.

Koma chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi ndi matenda a shuga. Kuti muchite izi, kusintha moyo wanu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse, kuwongolera zakudya zanu, komanso kuyezetsa shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse ndikofunikira.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kusunga milingo ya A1c pansi pa 7% kungachepetse chiopsezo cha zovuta.

Kodi Ndingapewe Bwanji Matenda a Shuga?

Mitundu ya matenda a shuga omwe amateteza chitetezo chamthupi komanso majini sangathe kupewedwa. Komabe, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda a shuga asanafike nthawi yobereka, matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, komanso matenda a shuga apakati pochita izi:

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi (monga zakudya za ku Mediterranean ).
• Khalani ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi (osachepera mphindi 30 patsiku, masiku 5 pa sabata).
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera.
• Sinthani kupsinjika maganizo.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa.
• Gonani mokwanira.
• Siyani kusuta.

Kodi Ndiyenera Kuwonana ndi Wopereka Chithandizo Changa Liti?

Ngati simunapezeke ndi matenda a shuga, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga (monga ludzu lochuluka, kukodza pafupipafupi).

Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, pitani kwa dokotala amene amakuthandizani kusamalira matenda anu a shuga (monga katswiri wa matenda a endocrinologist) nthawi zonse.

Pomaliza, kumbukirani izi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kupezeka ndi matenda a shuga ndi chochitika chosintha moyo. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe kukhala ndi moyo wachimwemwe komanso wathanzi. Kusamalira matenda a shuga kumafuna chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika. Ngakhale poyamba zingawoneke zovuta, pakapita nthawi mudzamvetsetsa bwino momwe mungathanirane ndi vutoli ndikuyamba kumva bwino za thupi lanu.

Onetsetsani kuti mukuonana ndi madokotala anu nthawi zonse. Kuthana ndi matenda a shuga ndi ntchito ya gulu. Mudzafunika thandizo la akatswiri azachipatala, anzanu, ndi abale anu. Musaope kuwapempha thandizo ngati mukufunikira. Kumbukirani, simuli nokha!

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