Kodi mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la masamu? Tiyeni tikambirane za dyscalculia!

Kodi mwana wanu akuvutika ndi manambala? Mwina akuvutika kuchita masamu osavuta, kapena sakufuna masamu? Monga kholo, ndi zachilendo kumva chisoni komanso nkhawa pang'ono. Koma musadandaule. Lero tikambirana za vuto lomwe anthu ambiri sadziwa, koma likhoza kukhudza kwambiri kuphunzira kwa ana. Ndi dyscalculia .

Kodi Dyscalculia ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Dyscalculia ndi vuto la kuphunzira. Makamaka, limakhudza luso lomvetsetsa manambala ndi mfundo za masamu. Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "O, kodi kufooka kwa mwana wanga mu manambala kumatanthauza kuti si wanzeru?" Ayi konse! Ana omwe ali ndi dyscalculia sali ndi vuto la nzeru. Sali otsika poyerekeza ndi ana ena mwanjira iliyonse. Vuto ndilakuti momwe ubongo wawo umagwirira ntchito chidziwitso cha masamu ndi chosiyana pang'ono ndi momwe ubongo wopanda vutoli umagwirira ntchito.

Zizindikiro za matendawa nthawi zambiri zimawonekera ali ana, makamaka ana akamaphunzira masamu osavuta. Koma musadabwe, akuluakulu ena alinso ndi dyscalculia, ndipo mwina sadziwa. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi dyscalculia amakumana ndi nkhawa m'maganizo akamachita masamu. Zinthu monga nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo zimatha kuchitika.

Palinso mtundu wa dyscalculia womwe umawonekera munthu akakula. Umatchedwa acquired dyscalculia . Izi zitha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse. Zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena. Tidzakambirana za izi mtsogolo.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Dyslexia ndi Dyscalculia?

Zonsezi ndi zovuta kuphunzira, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu. Mwachidule:

• Dyscalculia: Izi zimakhudza luso la masamu.
• Dyslexia: Izi zimakhudza luso lowerenga.

Ngakhale kuti awiriwa ndi osiyana, malinga ndi malangizo a American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) , onsewa ali m'gulu la "matenda enieni ophunzirira." Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi matenda onsewa nthawi imodzi.

Ndani angadwale dyscalculia? Kodi ndi yofala bwanji?

Dyscalculia ingakhudze aliyense, koma nthawi zambiri imayamba kuonekera ana akayamba sukulu ndipo ali m'magiredi a pulayimale (nthawi zambiri pakati pa zaka 6 ndi 9).

Sizachilendo kwenikweni, koma zafala padziko lonse lapansi. Akatswiri akuti vutoli limakhudza pakati pa 3% ndi 7% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi dyscalculia imakhudza bwanji ubongo wanu?

Anthu omwe ali ndi dyscalculia timawatcha neurodivergent.Kusiyanasiyana kwa ubongo ndi lingaliro lakuti palibe ubongo wa anthu awiri womwe ndi wofanana, ndipo ubongo wa aliyense umakula ndikukula mwanjira yapadera. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi dyscalculia, izi zikutanthauza kuti momwe ubongo wawo umagwirira ntchito ndi wosiyana ndi momwe ubongo wa munthu wopanda vutoli umagwirira ntchito.

Taganizirani momwe zimakhalira zosavuta kuchita kuwerengera kosavuta monga "2+2=?" Koma kumafuna maluso osiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane, ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo kuti zigwire ntchito limodzi. Zina mwa luso limenelo ndi:

• Kukonza maso: Maso anu amaona vuto lonse la masamu, kenako amatumiza zidutswazo ku ubongo wanu kuti zikonzedwe.
• Kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa: Mukachita masamu, mumagwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa kumeneku kukumbukira tsatanetsatane (manambala, zizindikiro, dongosolo lawo).
• Chilankhulo: Mumagwiritsa ntchito gawo ili la ubongo wanu kumasulira tanthauzo la zizindikiro m'masamu. Ndicho chifukwa chake mumadziwa tanthauzo la chizindikiro chophatikiza, chizindikiro chofanana, ndi chizindikiro cha funso m'nkhaniyi.
• Kukumbukira kwa nthawi yayitali: Mumapeza kukumbukira kumeneku kuti mukumbukire njira yothetsera vuto la masamu. Pa nthawiyi, ubongo wanu umazindikira kuti vutoli ndi lowonjezera potengera chizindikiro chowonjezera ndi chizindikiro chofanana.
• Kumvetsetsa kuchuluka ndi zinthu zofunika: Ubongo wanu umamvetsa kuti chizindikiro "2" chikuyimira kuchuluka kapena phindu linalake. Mfundo imeneyi nthawi zambiri imaphunzitsidwa kwa ana aang'ono powapatsa zitsanzo monga zipatso ndi nyama.
• Kuwerengera: Njira iyi ndiyo imakuthandizani kuphatikiza zonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa ndikuthetsa 2+2=4.

Kwa munthu wamisala, ndiko kuti, munthu amene ali ndi ubongo wabwinobwino, njira zonsezi zimagwira ntchito monga momwe amayembekezera. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyscalculia, kutengera kuopsa kwa vuto lawo, amavutika ndi zina mwa njira imeneyi.

Kodi zizindikiro za dyscalculia ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimadalira gawo la ndondomeko yomwe munthuyo akuvutika nayo, ndipo zimathanso kusiyana malinga ndi msinkhu wa munthuyo komanso zochitika zomwe amakumana nazo pafupipafupi.

Ana aang'ono (mpaka msinkhu wa sukulu ya ana aang'ono ndi kindergarten)

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino mwa ana aang'ono kwambiri ndi izi:

• Kuvuta kuwerengera manambala.
• Kuvuta kulumikiza zinthu zambiri ndi nambala (mwachitsanzo, kusatha kulumikiza nambala 4 ndi mabulo 4).
• Kuvuta kuzindikira manambala ndi zizindikiro za masamu.
• Kuvuta kuyika manambala motsatira ndondomeko (monga, kuyambira akulu mpaka ang'onoang'ono, oyamba mpaka omaliza).
• Kuvuta kuzindikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mizere ya manambala.
• Kuvuta kuphunzira pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama (ndalama zachitsulo kapena mapepala apepala).

Ana opita kusukulu (magiredi a pulayimale)

Zizindikiro za dyscalculia nthawi zambiri zimaonekera ana akayamba sukulu, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 6. Zizindikiro mwa ana awa ndi izi:

• Kuphunzira kuwerengera ngakhale manambala ang'onoang'ono ndi zala zanu (makamaka ngati sizikuwoneka zofunikira pa msinkhu umenewo).
• Kuvuta kuzindikira zinthu zazing'ono poyamba kuziona (izi zikuwoneka ngati munthu ayenera kuziwerenga chimodzi ndi chimodzi).
• Kuvuta kuchita mawerengedwe osavuta kuchokera pamtima.
• Kuvuta kukumbukira matebulo ochulukitsa.
• Kuvuta kumvetsa vuto lomwelo la masamu pamene dongosolo la manambala kapena zizindikiro zasinthidwa (kuvuta kumvetsa kuti 1+7=8 ndi 8=7+1 ndi zofanana).
• Kuvuta kumvetsetsa manambala operekedwa m'mawu (mavuto a mawu) kapena zizindikiro zovuta pang'ono (monga > "zazikulu kuposa" kapena < "zochepa kuposa").
• Kuvuta kukonza manambala ndi sikelo (10s, 100s, 1000s) kapena ndi malo a decimal (0.1, 0.01, 0.001).

Ana aang'ono (azaka za sekondale kapena sekondale) ndi akuluakulu

Zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka mwa ana aang'ono ndi akuluakulu nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• Kuvuta kuwerengera.
• Kuthetsa mavuto m'mawu olembedwa ndi mawu.
• Kuvuta kugawa mavuto m'njira zowathetsera.
• N'zovuta kuyeza zinthu.
• Kuvuta kuyeza kuchuluka (monga zosakaniza zofunika pophika/kuphika).
• N'zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama (ndalama zachitsulo ndi zapepala) kugula zinthu, kusinthana ndalama zachitsulo ndi zasiliva (ndi zina zotero), ndikupanga ndalama zowonjezera.
• Kuvuta kumvetsetsa ndi kusintha magawo.

Zizindikiro zamaganizo

Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi luso la masamu, anthu omwe ali ndi dyscalculia amathanso kuwonetsa zizindikiro zamaganizo akamafunikira kuchita masamu. Zizindikiro zamaganizozi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:

• Nkhawa ( kuphatikizapo kuopa mayeso) kapena mantha.
• Kusakhazikika, mkwiyo, kapena nkhanza (monga kulira mokweza mwa ana aang'ono).
• Mantha (kuphatikizapo mantha opita kusukulu).
• Zizindikiro zakuthupi za chilichonse mwa zomwe zili pamwambapa (monga nseru, kusanza, thukuta, kupweteka m'mimba).

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti za dyscalculia?

Kawirikawiri, makamaka mwa ana, akatswiri sadziwa chifukwa chake dyscalculia imachitika. Komabe, pali umboni wakuti mavuto ophunzirira, kuphatikizapo dyscalculia, amatha kuchitika m'mabanja. Komabe, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti atsimikizire izi.

Zimene akatswiri amadziwa n’zakuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyscalculia amakhala ndi kusintha kwina m’mbali zina za ubongo. Kusintha kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti ziwalo zimenezo sizikukula bwino ndipo pali kugwirizana kochepa pakati pa maselo a ubongo. Izi ndi ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimakhudzidwa mukachita chilichonse chokhudza manambala ndi kuwerengera. Koma akatswiri sakudziwabe chifukwa chake kusintha kumeneku kumachitika komanso momwe kumakhudzira zizindikiro za vutoli.

Zochitika zina zokhudzana nazo

Dyscalculia nthawi zambiri imachitika ndi matenda ena. Izi si zifukwa, koma zitha kukhala zizindikiro kwa ogwira ntchito zachipatala kuti azindikire ndikuzindikira dyscalculia. Matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi dyscalculia ndi awa:

• Matenda a kusagwira ntchito bwino kwa ubongo (ADHD).
• Dyslexia, dysgraphia, kapena vuto la kuphunzira losagwiritsa ntchito mawu.
• Matenda okhudza kusokonezeka kwa kuganiza.
• Matenda a Autism spectrum .

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyscalculia ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda amisala. Akatswiri sakudziwa ngati izi zimachitika chifukwa cha dyscalculia yokha, koma ogwira ntchito zachipatala amaganizira izi akamafufuza matenda ndikupereka chithandizo.

• Matenda a nkhawa kapena matenda a mantha .
• Matenda a khalidwe (monga matenda otsutsa kapena matenda a khalidwe ).
• Matenda a bipolar .
• Kuvutika maganizo .

Kupeza Dyscalculia

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa dyscalculia (kapena acalculia - kulephera kuchita masamu konse) mtsogolo. Mtundu uwu, wotchedwa acquired dyscalculia, si vuto la kuphunzira. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri umagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi luso la masamu. Zilonda za muubongo (onani nkhani yokhudza Zilonda za muubongo kuti mumvetse momwe kuwonongeka kumeneku kumachitikira) zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi dyscalculia imafalikira?

Ayi, dyscalculia si yopatsirana. Simungaitenge kuchokera kwa anthu ena, komanso simungathe kuitenga kuchokera kwa ena.

Kodi dyscalculia imapezedwa bwanji?

Kawirikawiri, oyamba kuzindikira zizindikiro za dyscalculia ndi akatswiri a zamaphunziro (aphunzitsi) ndi makolo. Ngati mphunzitsi azindikira, angapereke zinthu ndi malangizo. Ngati makolo azindikira, akhoza kulankhula ndi dokotala wa ana a ana awo kuti adziwe zambiri zokhudza njira yodziwira ndi kuchiza dyscalculia.

DSM-5 ili ndi mfundo ziwiri zazikulu zokhudzana ndi mavuto a kuphunzira okhudzana ndi masamu. Chimodzi mwa izi chiyenera kukhalapo kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ngakhale ataphunzitsidwa, thandizo la akatswiri lilipo kuti alithetse.

• Kuvuta kudziwa bwino manambala, mfundo za manambala, kapena kuwerengera.
• Kuvuta ndi kulingalira kwa masamu.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira dyscalculia?

Palibe mayeso a labu, kujambula zithunzi, kapena kuzindikira matenda omwe angatsimikizire dyscalculia. M'malo mwake, cholinga chachikulu ndi kuyesa luso la masamu la mwana ndikuchotsa zifukwa zina zomwe zingachitike (monga mavuto a masomphenya kapena kumva, matenda ena a ubongo kapena matenda amisala). Mayeso osiyanasiyana angathandize pa izi. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri wofotokozera mayeso a luso omwe amalimbikitsa.

Kodi dyscalculia imachiritsidwa bwanji? Kodi imatha kuchiritsidwa?

Popeza ubongo wa ana sunakule bwino, amatha kuphunzira ndikukulitsa luso lofunikira kuti azolowere matendawa, kotero ana amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi dyscalculia. Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala m'mapulogalamu ophunzirira a munthu ndi munthu.

Mapulogalamuwa amakhala ndi zizindikiro zake, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amayang'ana kwambiri zinthu zomwe mwana akukumana nazo kwambiri. Chithandizo chiyeneranso kuyamba msanga momwe angathere. Chithandizo chikayamba msanga, mwayi woti ana azolowere matendawa ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zake umakhala wabwino.

Mwatsoka, akuluakulu omwe ali ndi dyscalculia, pokhapokha ngati ali ndi dyscalculia, saonedwa kuti ndi ochiritsika. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ubongo wawo ndi wokhwima mokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asapindule ndi mankhwala monga mapulogalamu ophunzirira. Kwa akuluakulu, cholinga chachikulu ndi kuwathandiza kulipira dyscalculia yawo pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo kapena njira zina.

Matenda a dyscalculia omwe akupezeka amatha kuchiritsidwa. Chithandizo chomwe chikupezeka chimadalira zinthu zambiri, makamaka chomwe chimayambitsa dyscalculia. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala wanu angakuuzeni zambiri za njira zomwe mungasankhire chithandizo komanso zomwe angakulimbikitseni pa vuto lanu.

Chithandizo cha matenda okhudzana ndi izi

Kuwonjezera pa mapulogalamu ophunzirira a dyscalculia, ana omwe ali ndi vutoli angafunike chithandizo china cha matenda ena omwe ali nawo. Chithandizo cha matenda amenewo chimadalira kwambiri vuto lomwe limayambitsa vutoli. Zingaphatikizepo mankhwala, psychotherapy, ndi mankhwala ena. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri woti akuuzeni zambiri za chithandizo chomwe chingakhalepo, kuphatikizapo zomwe amalimbikitsa pazosowa zanu.

Kodi ndingapewe kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha dyscalculia?

Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa impso kumachitika mwadzidzidzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sizingatheke kupewedwa, ndipo palibe njira yochepetsera chiopsezo cha matendawa.

Kodi ndingayembekezere chiyani ngati ndili ndi dyscalculia?

Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zenizeni, dyscalculia ingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita ntchito zosavuta za masamu, monga kulipira mabilu kapena kutsatira maphikidwe ophikira/kuphika. Ndi chithandizo choyambilira, ana nthawi zambiri amatha kuzolowera matendawa ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zake pa miyoyo yawo. Anthu omwe amapeza kuti ali ndi vutoli akakula amakhala ndi mwayi wovutika ndi zotsatira zake ngati salandira chithandizo msanga. N'zachilendo kuchita manyazi ndi vutoli, ndipo anthu ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa, manyazi, komanso kuvutika maganizo chifukwa cha zimenezi.

Kodi dyscalculia imatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Dyscalculia ndi vuto la moyo wonse. Palibe mankhwala ake, komaChithandizo choyambirira chingachepetse zotsatira zake pakapita nthawi.

Chokhacho chosiyana ndi izi ndi Acquired Dyscalculia. Ikhoza kukhala vuto la kanthawi kochepa. Kaya ndi la kanthawi kochepa kapena ayi zimatengera zinthu monga chifukwa chake zachitika komanso momwe zilili zovuta. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala wanu ndiye munthu woyenera kukuuzani ngati Acquired Dyscalculia ndi ya kanthawi kochepa komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha vutoli n'chiyani?

Kulephera kwa mtima (dyscalculia) si vuto loopsa. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi mavuto amisala omwe amakumana nawo. Matenda monga kuvutika maganizo ndi nkhawa amatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa - kuphatikizapo chiopsezo chodzivulaza kapena kudzipha - kotero ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo cha izi ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi ndingadzisamalire bwanji kapena kuthana ndi zizindikiro?

Dyscalculia si vuto lomwe mungathe kulizindikira ndi kulichiza nokha. Kwa ana, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga kuti mudziwe ndikuchiza vutoli. Likachedwa, mapulogalamu ochizira sangathandize.

Ngati akuluakulu ali ndi vuto la dyscalculia, palibe chithandizo chachindunji cha dyscalculia. Kwa iwo, cholinga chachikulu ndi kuwathandiza kulipira chilemacho. Ukadaulo ndi zida zina, monga mapulogalamu a pafoni, zingathandize pa izi. Wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala angakulimbikitseni mapulogalamu kapena zida zina zomwe zingathandize. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyscalculia, wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala angakulimbikitseni chithandizo chomwe chingathandize kapena njira zothandizira vutoli.

Kodi dyscalculia imakhudza luntha la munthu?

Ayi, dyscalculia siikhudza mwachindunji luntha. Ngakhale anthu ena omwe ali ndi dyscalculia angakhalenso ndi vuto la nzeru, kukhala ndi dyscalculia sikupangitsa munthu kukhala wanzeru kwambiri. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri anthu omwe ali ndi dyscalculia amalemba mayeso a IQ oposa apakati. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi dyscalculia nthawi zambiri amakhala aluso m'mbali zina, makamaka luso lopanga zinthu (makamaka zaluso) komanso kuthetsa mavuto.

Kodi Dyscalculia ndi mtundu wa autism?

Ayi, dyscalculia ndi autism spectrum disorder ndi matenda awiri osiyana. Ngakhale kuti onsewa ali m'gulu la matenda a neurodevelopmental mu DSM-5, akadali osiyana kwambiri.

Kodi Dyscalculia imagwirizana ndi ADHD?

Inde, pali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa dyscalculia ndi ADHD . ADHD ndi chimodzi mwa matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi dyscalculia. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chimodzi alibe china.

Kodi ndingatani ngati ndikukayikira kuti mwana wanga ali ndi dyscalculia?

Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe mungachite:

• Pezani zinthu zothandizira: Perekani malangizo kwa akatswiri a zamaphunziro ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala okhudza zinthu zina zomwe zingathandize. Gwiritsani ntchito luso lawo pothandiza mwana wanu.
• Pezani zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito: Pali njira zambiri ndi njira zomwe zingathandize mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la dyscalculia. Ana ena amapindula pogwiritsa ntchito masewera, nyimbo, kapena njira zina. Mukapeza chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito, chigwiritseni ntchito. Chidzathandiza mwana wanu kuphunzira m'njira yomwe imawayenera.
• Khalani oleza mtima: Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la dyscalculia ali ndi vuto lomwe limasokoneza luso lawo lochita masamu komanso ana omwe alibe vutoli. Izi si zomwe angathe kuzilamulira, koma amatha kuphunzira kuzithetsa. Amakhala ndi mwayi wopambana pakuphunzira kwawo akamamva ngati ali ndi winawake wowathandiza.
• Perekani chithandizo ndi chilimbikitso: Ndikofunikira kupereka chithandizo ndi chilimbikitso kwa ana omwe ali ndi vutoli. Popanda chithandizo chimenecho, kudzidalira kwa ana kungakhale kochepa, ndipo ambiri amavutika ndi nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo chifukwa cha vutoli. Komabe, ana omwe amalandira chilimbikitso ndi chithandizo amakhala ndi mwayi wopambana ndikuphunzira kuthana ndi vuto lawo, zomwe zingawalepheretse mtsogolo.

Dyscalculia ndi vuto la kuphunzira lomwe limakhudza luso la munthu lomvetsetsa manambala ndi mfundo za masamu. Ana nthawi zambiri amasonyeza zizindikiro pakati pa zaka 6 ndi 9 (kapena ngakhale kale). Anthu omwe ali ndi dyscalculia amakhala ndi matenda ena, kuphatikizapo vuto la kuphunzira komanso mavuto amisala.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe tiyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Dyscalculia ndi vuto la kuphunzira lomwe limakhudza luso la masamu la mwana, koma sizikutanthauza kuti mwanayo ali ndi vuto la maganizo. Mwa kuzindikira vutoli msanga ndikupatsa mwanayo njira zoyenera zophunzirira ndi chithandizo, mutha kumuthandiza kuthana ndi vutoli ndikukhala ndi moyo wopambana. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kotereku za mwana wanu, musazengereze kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala ndi thandizo la aphunzitsi. Kuleza mtima, chikondi ndi chitsogozo choyenera ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri!

` Kulephera kwa masamu, Kulephera kuphunzira, Thanzi la mwana, Kukula kwa ubongo, Thanzi la maganizo, Maphunziro