Dokotala wanu akatsimikizira kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mwina mwauzidwa kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala osakaniza awa. Popeza ali ndi mayina atatu (Efavirenz, Lamivudine, Tenofovir), poyamba zingawoneke ngati zosokoneza pang'ono. Koma musadandaule. Iyi ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwalawa, momwe amagwirira ntchito m'thupi, momwe angamwere, komanso zomwe muyenera kusamala nazo m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa?
Mwachidule, iyi ndi mitundu itatu ya mankhwala. Timatcha awa kuti "mankhwala oletsa kachilombo ka HIV." Chomwe piritsi ili limachita ndikuletsa kachilombo ka HIV m'thupi lanu kuti kasafalikire kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti, kamaletsa kachilomboka kuti kasachuluke.
Ganizirani kachilombo ka HIV ngati mdani amene amaukira chitetezo cha thupi lanu (chitetezo cha mthupi). Mankhwalawa amachepetsa mphamvu ya mdaniyo ndikuyisunga pansi pa ulamuliro. Izi zimathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chigwirenso ntchito mwamphamvu.
Chofunika kwambiri: Mankhwalawa sachiza kachilombo ka HIV kotheratu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, sachotsa kachilomboka mthupi lonse. Koma amaletsa kufalikira kwa kachilomboka m'thupi bwino kwambiri, kukuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wautali, wathanzi, komanso wabwinobwino.
Chinthu china choyenera kukumbukira ndichakuti ngakhale mutamwa mankhwalawa, chiopsezo chopatsira munthu wina kachilombo ka HIV sichimatheratu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupitiriza kutsatira njira zodzitetezera pakugonana. Komanso, mankhwalawa sateteza ku matenda ena opatsirana pogonana (STIs).
Zinthu zomwe muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu musanayambe kumwa mankhwalawa
Dokotala wanu asanakupatseni mankhwala awa, ayenera kudziwa mbiri yanu yonse ya thanzi. Choncho ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse lomwe latchulidwa pansipa, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu. Musabise chilichonse, chifukwa ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo chanu.
| Matenda kapena zinthu zina | N’chifukwa chiyani zimenezo n’zofunika? |
|---|---|
| Mavuto a mafupa (monga osteoporosis) | Chosakaniza chomwe chili mu mankhwalawa, Tenofovir, nthawi zina chimakhudza kuchulukana kwa mafupa. |
| Matenda a mtima | Nthawi zina, kayimbidwe ka kugunda kwa mtima kamatha kukhudzidwa. |
| Mbiri ya mavuto amisala (monga kuvutika maganizo, nkhawa) kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo | Chosakaniza cha Efavirenz chingakhudze thanzi la maganizo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa izi ngati mudakumanapo ndi mavuto kale. |
| Pancreatitis | Mankhwalawa sangayambitse matenda a kapamba nthawi zambiri. Chiwopsezo chake chimakhala chachikulu ngati mudagwiritsapo kale mankhwalawa. |
| Khunyu kapena khunyu (Kugwidwa ndi khunyu) | Popeza mankhwalawa amatha kukhudza mitsempha, muyenera kudziwa za kuthekera kwa khunyu. |
| Kutupa kwa mankhwala ena, zakudya kapena zinthu zina | Ndikofunikira kutiuza ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse la ziwengo ku zosakaniza za mankhwalawa kapena china chilichonse. |
| Ngati mukuyesera kutenga mimba kapena muli ndi pakati | Muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za chitetezo cha mankhwalawa panthawi ya mimba. |
| Ngati mwana akuyamwitsa | Mankhwalawa amatha kupita kwa mwana kudzera mu mkaka wa m'mawere, choncho kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za izi. |
Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera mankhwala ndi iti?
Ili ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri lomwe muyenera kutsatira bwino. Kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi mankhwala, muyenera kumwa monga momwe mwalangizidwira.
- Imwani ndi madzi: Mezani piritsi lonseli ndi kapu ya madzi.
- Imwani musanayambe kudya: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Muyenera kumwa mankhwalawoImwani mphindi zosachepera 30 musanadye, kapena maola awiri mutadya. Mankhwalawa amalowa bwino m'thupi akamwedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu.
- Imwani musanagone: Kawirikawiri, kumwa mankhwalawa musanagone kumatanthauza kuti chizungulire kapena kugona kulikonse komwe kungachitike kumabwera mukagona, kotero sikungasokoneze zochita zanu za masana.
- Musadumphe mlingo pazifukwa zilizonse: Imwani mankhwala anu nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse, monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera. Kudumpha mlingo kungayambitse kachilombo ka HIV kukhala kosagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala. Izi zingapangitse kuti osati mankhwala awa okha komanso mankhwala ena a HIV asagwire ntchito m'thupi lanu. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri.
- Musasiye mpaka dokotala wanu atakuuzani kuti: Kaya mukumva bwino bwanji, pitirizani kumwa mankhwalawa mpaka dokotala wanu atakuuzani kuti musiye.
Kodi mungachite chiyani ngati mwamwa mopitirira muyeso ?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwamwa mapiritsi ambiri kuposa momwe mukuganizira, musazengereze. Pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi nanu nthawi yomweyo. Kapena imbani National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital kuti mupeze malangizo.
Kodi mungachite chiyani ngati mwaphonya mlingo wa mankhwala?
Tonsefe nthawi zina timaiwala zinthu. Musadandaule ngati mwaphonya mlingo.
- Imwani mlingo womwe mwaphonya mwamsanga mukangokumbukira.
- Komabe, ngati nthawi yoti mutenge mlingo wotsatira yafika pafupi, thawani mlingo womwe munaphonya ndikumwa mlingo wotsatira panthawi yomwe mwakonza.
- Musamwe mankhwala owirikiza kawiri kuti mubwezeretse mlingo womwe mwaphonya.
Zinthu zapadera zoti muzisamala nazo mukamamwa mankhwala
Muyenera kusamalira thanzi lanu pang'ono mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
- Kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse: Dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amakupemphani kuti muyeze magazi. Yesani mayeso onsewo nthawi yake. Adzakuthandizani kuona momwe mankhwalawo akukhudzira thupi lanu, ngati kachilomboka kakutha, komanso ngati ziwalo zanu monga chiwindi ndi impso zikugwira ntchito bwino.
- Matenda aakulu pakhungu: Anthu ena akhoza kuyamba kudwala kwambiri pakhungu patatha milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo mutayamba kumwa mankhwalawa. Ngati muli ndi malungo, kupweteka kwa thupi, mawanga ofiira kapena ofiirira pakhungu lanu, matuza, khungu lotupa, kapena kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes pankhope panu, milomo, khosi, kapena m'khwapa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Kuyendetsa galimoto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina: Mankhwalawa angayambitse chizungulire komanso kuvutika kuganizira zinthu zina mwa anthu ena. Choncho, pewani kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makinawo mpaka mutadziwa bwino momwe mankhwalawa amakukhudzirani.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa:Kumwa mankhwalawa pamodzi ndi mowa kungapangitse kuti pakhale mavuto monga chizungulire komanso kugona. Sikwabwino pa chiwindi chanu.
- Chiwindi cha Hepatitis B: Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi Chiwindi cha Hepatitis B, kusiya kumwa mankhwalawa mwadzidzidzi kungapangitse kuti zizindikiro za Hepatitis B zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu za kusiya kumwa mankhwalawa.
- Kupewa Mimba: Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi oletsa kubereka (omwe ali ndi estrogen ndi progestin), kumwa mankhwalawa kungachepetse mphamvu yawo. Chifukwa chake, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kugwiritsa ntchito njira ina yolerera kubereka, monga makondomu, kuwonjezera pa kuwagwiritsa ntchito.
Zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwalawa
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, izi zingayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Koma si aliyense amene amakumana nazo. Zina zimakhala zoopsa, pomwe zina zimakhala zabwinobwino. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi ndikupempha upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muwona chilichonse choopsa.
Zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe ziyenera kufotokozedwa kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo
Ngati mukuona zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zili pansipa, pitani kwa dokotala kapena pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga.
| Zotsatira zoyipa | Momwe mukumvera |
|---|---|
| Matenda a ziwengo | Kutupa pakhungu, kuyabwa, kutupa kwa nkhope, milomo, lilime kapena pakhosi, komanso kuvutika kupuma. |
| Kuvulala kwa Chiwindi | Kupweteka kumtunda kwa kumanja kwa m'mimba, kusowa chilakolako cha chakudya, nseru, ndowe zowala, mkodzo wakuda wachikasu kapena bulauni, maso kapena khungu kukhala lachikasu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. |
| Kusintha kwa maganizo ndi khalidwe | Nkhawa yaikulu, kusakhazikika, chisokonezo, kuona zinthu molakwika, mkwiyo, maganizo ofuna kudzipha, kuvutika maganizo. |
| Pancreatitis | Ululu waukulu wa m'mimba womwe umafika kumbuyo, ululu womwe umakula kwambiri mukamadya kapena kugwira mimba, kutentha thupi, nseru, ndi kusanza. |
| Kuvulala kwa Impso | Kuchepa kwa mkodzo wotuluka, kutupa kwa akakolo, manja, kapena mapazi. |
| Kuchuluka kwa lactic acid m'magazi (lactic acidosis) | Kupweteka kapena kuuma kwa minofu, kupweteka m'mimba, kuvutika kupuma, kusapeza bwino komanso kutopa. |
| Mavuto a mitsempha | Kusanza kapena kupweteka miyendo, kufooka kwa minofu, kusintha kwa masomphenya, kuvutika kulankhula, kuvutika kuyenda, kukomoka. |
Zotsatirapo zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri koma ziyenera kufotokozedwa kwa dokotala ngati zikupitirira
Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha patatha masiku ochepa, koma ngati zikupitirira kapena zikukuvutitsani kwambiri, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.
- Kupweteka kwa msana
- Kutsegula m'mimba
- Mutu
- Kusanza
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kusowa tulo kapena maloto achilendo
Mankhwala ena omwe sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwalawa ndipo angayambitse mavuto
Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena onse omwe mukumwa (kuphatikizapo mavitamini ndi mankhwala azitsamba). Mankhwala ena amatha kusokonezana ndi mankhwala a HIV awa ndikuyambitsa mavuto akulu.
Mankhwala omwe sayenera kumwedwa pamodzi:
- Mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe ali ndi zosakaniza mu mankhwalawa (efavirenz, emtricitabine, lamivudine, tenofovir)
- Disopyramide
- Elbasvir; grazoprevir
- Rifapentine
- Voriconazole
Mankhwala ena omwe angayambitse mavuto (dziwitsani dokotala ngati mukumwa awa):
- Mankhwala ochepetsa mafuta m'thupi (monga Atorvastatin, Simvastatin)
- Mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga Clarithromycin, Rifampin)
- Mankhwala oletsa bowa (monga Ketoconazole, Itraconazole)
- Mankhwala a matenda a mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi (monga Diltiazem, Verapamil)
- Mankhwala oletsa kupweteka kwa mutu (monga Carbamazepine, Phenytoin)
- Mankhwala a matenda amisala (monga Bupropion, Sertraline)
- Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu (NSAIDS) (monga Ibuprofen, Naproxen)
- Warfarin (mankhwala ochepetsa magazi)
- Mankhwala a kachilombo ka HIV kapena matenda ena opatsirana
Mndandandawu sunathe, choncho ndibwino kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mumamwa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwalawa amaletsa kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'thupi lanu. Sachiritsa matendawa, koma amakuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
- Imwani mankhwalawo m'mimba yopanda kanthu , nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse, monga momwe dokotala wanenera. Musamalumphe mlingo.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za matenda ena aliwonse omwe muli nawo komanso mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe mukumwa.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto aakulu, monga ziwengo zazikulu pakhungu, mavuto a chiwindi, kapena kusintha kwakukulu kwa maganizo, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Ngati mukumva kusungulumwa kapena kuvutika maganizo mukumwa mankhwalawa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu, wachibale wanu, kapena mnzanu wodalirika. Simuli nokha.
- Mukalandira chithandizo choyenera, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
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