Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) | Tiyeni tiphunzire za izi mosavuta

Kodi mulinso ndi kupweteka m'mimba, kutentha pachifuwa panu? Mwina dokotala wanu adakujambulani CT scan kapena MRI ndipo adawona kachinthu kakang'ono pamenepo ndikukuuzani kuti muyenera kuchita mayeso apadera kuti mudziwe zambiri za izi. Ndicho chimene tikukamba lero, mayeso apamwamba kwambiri omwe amachitika nthawi ngati zimenezi. Endoscopic ultrasound, kapena mwachidule EUS. Ngakhale dzinalo likumveka lovuta pang'ono, kwenikweni ndi losavuta kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone tsatanetsatane.

Kodi njira ya endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, EUS ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mkati mwa dongosolo lanu la m'mimba, kapena matumbo. Izi zimachitika ndi dokotala wa gastroenterologist.

Taganizirani izi, izi zili ngati kuphatikiza ukadaulo uwiri.

1. Endoscope: Iyi ndi chubu chachitali, chopyapyala, chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera ndi kuwala kumapeto kwake. Chimatha kuona bwino zomwe zili m'mimba mwanu.

2. Ultrasound: Kumapeto kwa chubu kuli chipangizo chaching'ono chofufuzira (probe). Ichi chimatulutsa mafunde a phokoso ndikupanga zithunzi za ziwalo, minofu, ndi mitsempha yamagazi mkati mwa mimba yanu.

Choncho izi zikaphatikizidwa, dokotala amatha kuyang'anitsitsa bwino ziwalo zomwe zili mkati ndi kuzungulira matumbo anu, monga kapamba ndi ndulu. Zimatha kuwona zambiri kuposa kusanthula nthawi zonse.

Ndani akufunikira mayeso a EUS?

Madokotala amalimbikitsa mayeso a EUS awa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pozindikira matenda molondola kapena kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa chizindikiro china.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mayeso a EUS:

Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zanu, dokotala wanu adzasankha ngati ayang'ane mimba ya pamwamba kapena pansi.

1. EUS (Upper EUS)

Pa izi, endoscope imayikidwa kudzera pakamwa panu ndipo gawo lapamwamba la dongosolo lanu logaya chakudya limafufuzidwa.

• M'mero, m'mimba, ndi gawo loyamba la matumbo ang'onoang'ono.
• Ma lymph nodes ozungulira, mitsempha yamagazi, ma cysts odzaza ndi madzi, ndi zotupa za khansa.
• Ziwalo zapafupi monga kapamba, ndulu, ndi ndulu.

2. EUS (EUS Yotsika)

Mu izi, endoscope imayikidwa kudzera mu anus ndipo gawo la pansi la dongosolo logaya chakudya limafufuzidwa.

• Minofu yozungulira anus (Anal sphincter).
• Mitsempha yamagazi yozungulira, ma lymph nodes, ma cysts odzaza ndi madzi, ndi zotupa.
• Gawo lomaliza la matumbo akulu (rectum ndi colon).

Mayeso a biopsy amachitidwa nthawi imodzi ndi EUS

Uwu ndi ubwino wina waukulu wa mayeso a EUS. Ngati dokotala awona chotupa chilichonse chokayikitsa kapena minofu yosazolowereka panthawi yoyezetsa, chitsanzo chaching'ono cha icho chingatengedwe kuti chikayesedwe nthawi yomweyo.

Kenako minofu kapena chitsanzo cha madzi chimatumizidwa ku labu. Katswiri wa matenda amachifufuza ndi kunena ngati chili ndi vuto lililonse, monga maselo a khansa.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji mayeso a EUS asanachitike?

Dokotala adzakupatsani malangizo omveka bwino okhudza zomwe muyenera kuchita ndi zomwe simuyenera kuchita musanayesedwe. Nthawi zambiri amanena zinthu monga:

• Mankhwala: Ngati mukumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi kapena insulin ya matenda a shuga, dokotala wanu adzakuuzani momwe mungasinthire mlingo wa mankhwalawo. Musasiye kumwa mankhwala anu nokha.
• Chakudya ndi Zakumwa: Mudzapemphedwa kuti musiye kudya ndi kumwa kwa maola angapo mayeso asanayambe. Nthawi zambiri pamatenga pafupifupi maola 6-8. Izi zidzatulutsa madzi m'mimba mwanu ndipo zidzathandiza kuti mayesowo akhale oyera.
• Kuyeretsa matumbo: Ngati muli ndi EUS yotsika, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mankhwala apadera (prep bowel) kuti muyeretse matumbo anu bwino. Izi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe zalangizidwira.
• Dalaivala: Mayeso awa amachitika kuti akupatseni tulo tochepa, kotero simudzatha kuyendetsa galimoto mukamaliza mayeso. Chifukwa chake mudzafunika wina woti akutengereni kunyumba.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya mayeso?

Kawirikawiri iyi ndi njira yochizira odwala omwe sali kuchipatala ndipo imachitika popanda kukhala m'chipatala. Njira yonseyi imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 60.

Momwe mungachitire Upper EUS (pakamwa):

Udzatembenuzidwira kumanzere kwako ndipo udzagonekedwa pabedi. Kenako,

1. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kudzera m'mitsempha kuti akuthandizeni kupumula ndikugona.

2. Poperani mankhwala kuti muchepetse kupweteka kwa pakhosi.

3. Chotetezera pakamwa cha pulasitiki chidzaikidwa mkamwa mwanu kuti mano anu asawonongeke komanso kuti musatafune endoscope.

4. Kenako dokotalayo amaika endoscope mosamala kwambiri kudzera pakamwa ndikuipereka m'mimba ndi gawo loyamba la matumbo ang'onoang'ono (duodenum).

5. Simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse panthawiyi. Mutha kupuma bwino.

6. Dokotala amayang'ana chowunikiracho ndikuyang'ana ziwalo zamkati ndi zotupa.

7. Ngati pakufunika, biopsy (chidutswa cha minofu) idzatengedwa monga tafotokozera kale.

8. Mayeso akatha, dokotala adzachotsa chubucho ndikuletsa mankhwala oletsa ululu omwe mudapatsidwa. Mudzadzuka m'chipinda chochiritsira.

Momwe mungachitire Lower EUS (pa rectum):

Izi ndi zomwe zili pamwambapa. Mumatembenuzidwira kumanzere kwanu ndipo mumagona pang'ono. Kenako,

1. Dokotala amaika endoscope kudzera mu anus ndikuipereka m'matumbo akulu.

2. Simudzamva kupweteka kapena kusasangalala panthawiyi. Mudzatha kupuma bwino.

3. Dongosolo logaya chakudya m'mimba ndi ziwalo zozungulira zimawunikidwa poyang'ana chowunikira.

4. Mayeso akatha, chubucho chimachotsedwa ndipo mankhwala oletsa ululu amasiya kugwira ntchito.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa mayeso a EUS?

Piritsi logonetsa lomwe munapatsidwa lidzatha mkati mwa mphindi 30-60. Pambuyo pake, mungamve kusasangalala pang'ono.

• Pambuyo pa Lower EUS: Mungamve kukhuta (mpweya) ndi kupweteka pang'ono m'mimba.
• Pambuyo pa Upper EUS: Mungamve kupweteka pang'ono pakhosi panu.

Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse zomwe zingachitike?

EUS ndi njira yotetezeka kwambiri, koma monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira ina iliyonse yachipatala, pali zovuta zina zomwe sizingachitike kawirikawiri.

• Kuyankha kwa ziwengo ku mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Kuwonongeka kapena kutuluka magazi m'mimba.
• Pakufufuza m'mimba chapamwamba, madzi ochokera mkamwa kapena m'mimba angalowe m'mapapo (kupuma m'mapapo).
• Ngati biopsy yatengedwa, kutupa kwa kapamba (pancreatitis) kungachitike.
• Bowo lomwe lili pakhoma la m'mimba (kubowoka).

Zinthu zimenezi sizimachitika kawirikawiri. Dokotala wanu adzachita chilichonse kuti achepetse zoopsazi.

Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala?

Ngati muwona zizindikiro zachilendo mutamaliza kuyezetsa, muyenera kuyimbira dokotala nthawi yomweyo.