Kodi ma enzyme ndi chiyani? Nchifukwa chiyani ndi ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lathu?

Moni! Muli bwanji? Lero tikambirana za gulu la zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwakachetechete, koma zofunika kwambiri mkati mwa matupi athu. Zimatchedwa ma enzyme. Mwina munamvapo za dzinali. Ngati sichoncho, sizili kanthu, lero tikambirana mwachidule.

Ndiye kodi ma enzyme amenewa ndi chiyani? N’chifukwa chiyani timawafunikira?

Mwachidule, ma enzyme ndi mtundu wa mapuloteni . Ali ngati maloboti ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwira ntchito m'thupi lathu. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikufulumizitsa zochita za mankhwala m'thupi lathu, zomwe ndi kagayidwe kathu ka chakudya . Taganizirani izi, ma enzyme amenewa amathandiza kupanga zinthu zina ndikuphwanya zinthu zina. Ndipotu, zamoyo zonse zimakhala ndi ma enzyme. Matupi athu amapanga ma enzyme mwachilengedwe. Timapezanso ma enzyme kuchokera ku zakudya zina zomwe timadya ndi kumwa, komanso kuchokera kuzinthu zina zopangidwa.

Kodi thandizo lalikulu kwambiri lomwe ma enzyme amapereka ku matupi athu ndi lotani?

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe ma enzyme amachita ndikuthandizira kugaya chakudya . Iyi ndi njira yomwe chakudya chomwe timadya chimasandutsidwira mphamvu. Taganizirani izi, pali ma enzyme m'malovu athu, kapamba, matumbo, ndi m'mimba. Awa ndi omwe amaswa ndi kugaya mafuta, mapuloteni, ndi chakudya chomwe timadya. Zakudya izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matupi athu pakukula ndi kukonzanso maselo. Sikuti zokha, ma enzyme amathandiza pazinthu zina zambiri. Yang'anani:

• Kupuma pamodzi
• Pomanga minofu
• Ntchito ya mitsempha
• Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi lathu n'kosatheka popanda ma enzyme amenewa.

Kodi pali mitundu yambiri ya ma enzyme?

Inde, pali mitundu yambirimbiri yosiyanasiyana ya ma enzyme m'thupi lathu. Koma chinthu chapadera ndichakuti mtundu uliwonse wa enzyme uli ndi ntchito imodzi yokha yoti uchite . Monga momwe kiyi imodzi ingatsegule loko imodzi yokha. Mwachitsanzo, enzyme ya Sucrase imaphwanya shuga wa sucrose. Enzyme ya Lactase imaphwanya shuga wa lactose womwe umapezeka mu mkaka. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ina yayikulu ya ma enzyme omwe nthawi zambiri amatithandiza kugaya chakudya:

Kodi ziwalo za enzyme ndi ziti? Zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Enzyme iliyonse ili ndi malo otchedwa 'active site' . Malo awa ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Timatcha chinthu chomwe enzyme imagwira ntchito pa 'substrate' . Substrate iyi ilinso ndi mawonekedwe apadera. Monga loko ndi kiyi. Enzyme ndi substrate ziyenera kugwirizana bwino kuti zigwire ntchito. Pokhapokha zikagwirizana pamodzi ndi pomwe mankhwala amatha kuchitika.

Kodi kutentha ndi pH zimakhudza bwanji ma enzyme?

Ma enzyme amafunika malo abwino ogwirira ntchito kuti agwire ntchito bwino. Ngati zinthuzi sizili bwino, ma enzyme amatha kusintha mawonekedwe. Ndiye kuti sangagwirizane ndi zinthu zomwe takambirana kale. Chifukwa chake, sizigwira ntchito bwino. Enzyme iliyonse ili ndi kutentha kwake ndi pH yake yoyenera:

• pH: Ma enzymes amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi acidity ndi alkalinity. Sagwira ntchito bwino ngati chilengedwe chili ndi acidity yambiri kapena alkaline yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, enzyme ya pepsin m'mimba mwathu imaphwanya mapuloteni. Ngati mulibe acid okwanira m'mimba mwanu, pepsin singagwire ntchito bwino.
• Kutentha: Ma enzyme amagwira ntchito bwino ngati kutentha kwa thupi lanu kuli pamlingo wabwinobwino, womwe ndi pafupifupi madigiri Celsius 37 (37°C). Pamene kutentha kukukwera, ma enzyme amachitanso chimodzimodzi. Komabe, ngati kutentha kukukwera kwambiri, ma enzymewo amasiya kugwira ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake ntchito za thupi lathu zimachepa tikamadwala malungo.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto a ma enzyme?

Matenda a kagayidwe kachakudya nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamene palibe enzyme yokwanira. Izi zimatha kuperekedwa kudzera m'majini (ochokera kwa makolo) kupita kwa ana. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa matenda ofala a kagayidwe kachakudya m'majini:

• Matenda a Fabry : Imeneyi ndi vuto lomwe thupi silingathe kupanga enzyme ya alpha-galactosidase A, yomwe imafunika kuti iwononge mafuta m'thupi.
• Matenda a Krabbe (globoid cell leukodystrophy): Izi zimakhudza ma enzyme ofunikira kuti ateteze maselo amitsempha , mwachitsanzo myelin (Central Nervous System).
• Matenda a mkodzo wa manyuchi a maple: Izi zimakhudza ma enzyme ofunikira kuti aswe ma amino acid ena a nthambi .

Kuphatikiza pa izi, palinso matenda ena omwe angayambitsidwe ndi kusalinganika kwa ma enzyme:

• Matenda a Crohn: Kusalinganika kwa mabakiteriya m'matumbo mwanu (gut microbiome ) kungayambitse chitetezo chamthupi m'matumbo. Izi zitha kukhudza zizindikiro ndi kuopsa kwa matenda a Crohn.
• Kulephera kwa Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI): Izi zimachitika pamene kapamba wanu sapanga ma enzyme okwanira ogaya chakudya, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simungathe kugawa chakudya bwino kapena kuyamwa michere.
• Kusagwirizana ndi Lactose: Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa enzyme yofunikira kugaya lactose, shuga wopezeka mu mkaka ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi mkaka.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti chifukwa cha vuto la ma enzyme?

N'zosatheka kudziwa ngati muli ndi vuto la enzyme popanda kuyezetsa magazi. Komabe, ndi bwino kuonana ndi dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kupweteka m'mimba
• Kutupa kapena mpweya
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri (Kutopa)
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kuchepetsa thupi kosamveka bwino
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi
• Kutuluka magazi m'mimba