Kodi muli ndi mafunso okhudza khansa ya m'mero? Tiyeni tikambirane!

Mwina munamvapo za khansa ya m'mero. Iyi ndi vuto lalikulu, koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za matendawa. Chifukwa nthawi zina khansa imatha kupitirira pamene zizindikiro zimawonekera. Koma musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane zonse mwachidule.

Kodi khansa ya m'mero ​​ndi chiyani? Kodi imayamba bwanji?

Mwachidule, m'mero ​​ndi chubu chachitali chopangidwa ndi minofu yomwe imanyamula chakudya kuchokera pakhosi kupita m'mimba tikameza. Chifukwa chake, khansa imachitika pamene maselo omwe ali m'mero ​​iyi ayamba kugawikana modabwitsa komanso mosalamulirika. Maselo omwe amapangidwa mwanjira imeneyi amasonkhana pamodzi ndikupanga chotupa.

Khansa ya m'mero ​​ndi khansa ya khumi yofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ikhoza kukhala yoopsa pang'ono, chifukwa monga ndanenera kale, khansa iyi imatha kukula kwa kanthawi popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse . Chifukwa chake ndichakuti m'mero ​​mwathu mutha kutambasula pang'ono, monga momwe timameza chakudya chochuluka mkamwa. Chifukwa chake mpaka khansayo itakula pang'ono, sitingamve kusasangalala kulikonse. Koma chotupacho chikakula ndikuyamba kutseka kutsegula kwa m'mero, zimakhala zovuta kumeza chakudya, ndipo zimapweteka tikameza.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya m'mero, sichoncho?

Inde, pali mitundu iwiri makamaka:

1. Adenocarcinoma: Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri, makamaka m'maiko akumadzulo. Umakula m'maselo a glands omwe ali mummero omwe amapanga mamina omwe amathandiza kumeza. Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umapezeka m'munsi mwa mmero.

2. Khansa ya squamous cell: Mtundu uwu umayambira m'maselo a squamous omwe ali mkati mwa m'mero. Nthawi zambiri umapezeka kwambiri m'malo apamwamba ndi apakati a m'mero.

Kodi khansa iyi ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Izi zimadalira kwambiri momwe khansa imadziwikira msanga. Ngati yapezeka msanga, ndiko kuti, khansayo ikakhala yaying'ono, imatha kuchotsedwa opaleshoni ndipo nthawi zina imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Koma, mwatsoka, 25% yokha ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa iyi ndi omwe amapezeka khansa isanafalikire. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timati, ngati muli ndi chizindikiro ngakhale chochepa, samalani nacho.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi?

Kawirikawiri, ziwerengero zikusonyeza kuti matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna azaka zopitirira 60. Komanso, pali kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ina. Mwachitsanzo, khansa ya squamous cell imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu akuda ndi aku Asia, pomwe adenocarcinoma imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu oyera. Komabe, izi ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amaona, ndipo aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi vutoli.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mero ​​ndi ziti? Kodi mungaizindikire bwanji?

Chizindikiro choyamba chomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nacho ndi vuto la kumeza (dysphagia) . Zingamveke ngati chinachake chatsekeka pakhosi. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro monga:

• Kupweteka pakhosi kapena kumbuyo kwa chifuwa, kutanthauza kumbuyo kwa fupa la pachifuwa kapena pakati pa masamba a mapewa.
• Kusanza, mwina kusanza magazi.
• Kutsokomola magazi.
• Kutentha pamtima pafupipafupi.
• Mawu okweza mawu, kapena chifuwa chosalekeza.
• Kuchepetsa thupi mosadziwa .

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi, sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'mero. Komabe, ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kuti akakuoneni.

Kodi khansa imeneyi imafalikira mofulumira bwanji?

Khansa ya m'mero ​​nthawi zambiri ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe imatha kukula mwachangu kwambiri . Monga ndanenera kale, chifukwa m'mero ​​mwathu mumakhala wosinthasintha, khansa ikakula, imayamba kuzungulira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera khansa ikafalikira pang'ono.

Kodi zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa iyi ndi ziti? Kodi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ndi ziti?

N'zovuta kunena motsimikiza chomwe chimayambitsa khansa. Komabe, madokotala apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa iyi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya: Izi zikuphatikizapo kusuta fodya komanso fodya wopanda utsi (monga kutafuna fodya ndi chingamu, kutafuna chingamu ndi chingamu). Izi zitha kuwononga maselo a mmero ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa: Kumwa mowa kwa nthawi yayitali kapena mopitirira muyeso ndi chinthu chinanso chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto aakulu.
• Kunenepa kwambiri: Kunenepa kwambiri kapena kunenepa kwambiri kungayambitse kutupa m'mero. Kutupa kumeneku kumatha kubweretsa khansa.
• Kutupa kwa m'mimba kwa Barrett ndi kutupa kwa m'mimba kosatha: Kutupa kwa m'mimba kwa nthawi yayitali, komwe ndi kubwerera kwa asidi m'mimba kupita ku m'mimba, kungayambitse kusintha kwa maselo omwe ali m'munsi mwa m'mimba ngati sikuchiritsidwa bwino. Matendawa amatchedwa kuti Barrett's esophagus. Si khansa, koma ndi matenda omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa. Anthu omwe alibe m'mimba mwa Barrett koma ali ndi kutentha pamtima kwa nthawi yayitali, nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mimba.
• Kachilombo ka papilloma ka munthu (HPV): HPV ndi kachilombo kofala kwambiri. Kangayambitse kusintha kwa minofu ya mawu, pakamwa, m'manja, m'mapazi, ndi m'ziŵalo zoberekera. Mitundu ina ya HPV imawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mero.
• Ngati munakhalapo ndi khansa kale: Anthu omwe adadwalapo khansa ya mutu kapena khosi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala khansa ya m'mero.
• Matenda ena:Khansa iyi imagwirizananso ndi matenda ena osowa komanso obadwa nawo. Mwachitsanzo, achalasia , matenda osowa omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumeza , ndi tylosis , matenda osowa, obadwa nawo omwe amayambitsa kukhuthala kwa khungu m'manja ndi m'mapazi.
• Kukumana ndi mankhwala enaake: Anthu omwe amakhala ndi mankhwala monga mankhwala oyeretsera khungu kwa nthawi yayitali nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa iyi.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji khansa iyi? (Kuzindikira)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani kaye za zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri yanu yachipatala. Kenako, angachite mayeso ena, monga:

• Kuyesa kumeza kwa Barium: Izi zimaphatikizapo kumwa madzi okhala ndi chinthu chotchedwa barium ndikujambula X-ray zingapo. Barium imapangitsa kuti m'mero ​​muwoneke bwino pazithunzi za X-ray. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti muwone ngati pali zolakwika zilizonse m'mero.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography scan): Kuyeza kumeneku kumathandiza madokotala kuona ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za pachifuwa ndi m'mimba (m'mimba).
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD): Mu izi, chubu chopyapyala, chosinthasintha chotchedwa endoscope (chokhala ndi kamera) chimalowetsedwa kudzera pakamwa ndikuyang'ana mwachindunji mu mkodzo. Izi zimatha kuwona bwino kusintha kulikonse kapena zotupa pakhoma la mkodzo.
• Kujambula kwa Esophageal Endoscopic Ultrasound: Izi zitha kuchitikanso nthawi imodzi ndi EGD. Imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amawu kujambula zithunzi za mkati mwa m'mero. Izi zingathandize kudziwa momwe khansa yakulira mpaka khoma la m'mero ​​komanso ngati yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Ngati dokotala awona malo okayikitsa panthawi ya EGD, adzatenga chidutswa cha minofu ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu. Umu ndi momwe angatsimikizire ngati maselo a khansa alipo kapena ayi.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zochokera mu mayesowa kuti adziwe gawo ndi mulingo wa khansa. Gawo la khansa ndi momwe khansa yafalikira (monga kukula kwa chotupa, kaya chafalikira ku ma lymph nodes, kapena ku ziwalo zakutali). Mulingo wa chotupa ndi momwe maselo a khansa alili ofanana ndi maselo athanzi komanso momwe amagawikirana mwachangu. Chithandizo chimakonzedwa kutengera gawo ndi mulingo uwu.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mero ​​chimadalira gawo ndi mulingo wa khansayo, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, komanso thanzi la wodwalayo. Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zochizira:

• Opaleshoni: Chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha khansa ya m'mero ​​yomwe imayamba msanga ndiOpaleshoni yotchedwa esophagectomy. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa gawo kapena m'mero ​​wonse, pamodzi ndi minofu yozungulira. Kenako, gawo lina la m'mimba limakokedwa ndikulumikizidwa ku chifuwa ndi khosi, ndikupanga m'mero ​​watsopano.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri (radiation beams) ku chotupa kuti kuphe maselo a khansa. Chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chithandizo chowonjezera opaleshoni isanachitike kapena itatha.
• Chemotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka mankhwala omwe amapha maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kukula. Izi zitha kuperekedwa musanachite opaleshoni, mutachita opaleshoni, kapena pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha radiation.
• Kuduladula kwa Endoscopic Submucosal (ESD): Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa khansa yoyambirira yomwe imapezeka pamwamba pa khoma la m'mero.
• Kuchotsa Matumbo a Mucosal mu Endoscopic (EMR): Iyi ndi njira yofanana ndi ESD, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zotupa za khansa zomwe zili mu mucous nembanemba ya m'mero.
• Chithandizo cha laser chopangidwa ndi endoscopic: Pamene chotupa cha khansa chimatseka m'mero ​​ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumeza, laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa gawo la chotupacho kuti achepetse ululu.
• Chithandizo cha Photodynamic (PDT): Mu izi, mankhwala apadera otchedwa photosensitizers amaperekedwa ku thupi, kenako kuwala kwapadera kumalunjika pamalo a khansa. Kuwala kumeneku kukafika, mankhwalawa amayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo amachititsa kuti maselo a khansa awonongeke.
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Maselo ena a khansa ya m'mero ​​ali ndi kuchuluka kosazolowereka kwa mapuloteni otchedwa HER2 protein . Puloteni iyi imathandiza maselo a khansa kukula. Chithandizo Cholunjika chimaphatikizapo kupereka mankhwala omwe amayang'ana puloteni iyi ya HER2.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu kuti chilimbane ndi maselo a khansa. Mankhwala otchedwa immune checkpoint inhibitors amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifukwa ichi.

Kumbukirani kuti si mankhwala onsewa omwe ali oyenera wodwala aliyense. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzasankha mankhwala omwe akugwirizana ndi vuto lanu.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi khansa ya m'mero ​​angayembekezere chiyani?

Izi zimatengera zinthu zambiri, monga thanzi lanu lonse komanso momwe khansa yafalikira pamene yapezeka. Ngati yapezeka msanga, madokotala nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiza bwino. Pafupifupi 46% ya anthu omwe amalandira chithandizo msanga amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene adapezeka.

Komabe, ngati khansa yafalikira kale, sizingatheke kuiwononga kotheratu. Pazochitika zotere, madokotala amayang'ana kwambiri kupereka chithandizo chomwe chimathandiza wodwalayo kukhala ndi moyo wautali momwe angathere, kusunga moyo wabwino, komanso kuchepetsa zizindikiro. Izi zimatchedwanso chisamaliro cha palliative . Zimathandiza wodwalayo kukhala bwino komanso opanda ululu.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezo changa chotenga khansa iyi?

Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupeweratu, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezochi:

• Tsatirani zakudya zabwino: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi, idyani zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, ndipo pitirizani kukhala ndi thupi labwino lomwe likuyenererani.
• Kupewa fodya ndi mowa: Izi ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.
• Pewani kukhudzana ndi mankhwala enaake (kutengera ntchito).
• Matenda a HPV ndi omwe amachititsa khansa ya m'mero. Funsani dokotala wanu za katemera wa HPV.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto ngati la Barrett's esophagus , dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyezedwe nthawi zonse. Tsatirani malangizo amenewo.

Pakadali pano palibe mayeso ofunikira oyezetsa khansa ya m'mero ​​kwa anthu onse, koma madokotala angalimbikitse mayeso monga EGD kwa anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji nditalandira chithandizo?

Zotsatirapo zina zingachitike mutachita opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mero. Mwachitsanzo, nseru, kusanza, ndi kutentha pamtima. Mungafunike thandizo pothana ndi izi. Anthu ambiri angakumane ndi mavuto monga:

• Kuvuta kudya: Khansa ndi mankhwala ake zingapangitse kuti kumeza chakudya kukhale kovuta komanso kopweteka. Izi zingayambitsenso kuchepa thupi. Ngati ndi choncho, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala wanu. Angakulimbikitseni zinthu monga kudya pang'ono, pafupipafupi komanso kumwa zakudya zowonjezera.
• Matenda a Dumping: Izi zimachitika pamene m'mimba mwalowa m'malo mwa m'mero ​​pambuyo pa opaleshoni. M'mimba simungagwire ndi kugaya chakudya, ndipo chakudyacho chimapita mwachangu m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro monga nseru, kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, thukuta, ndi kutuluka magazi.

Lankhulani ndi gulu lanu lachipatala za izi ndipo pezani upangiri wa momwe mungathanirane nazo.

Kodi khansa iyi ingabwererenso?

Inde, nthawi zina khansa imatha kubwereranso (kubwereranso). Mukhoza kuchita zinthu izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chimenecho:

• Chepetsani kumwa mowa: Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa kubwereranso.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya: Ngati mukusuta, yesani kusiya. Funsani upangiri wa dokotala ngati pakufunika kutero.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Izi zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe mulili. Ndondomeko yotsatira ya munthu amene wachitidwa opaleshoni yoyambirira ndi yosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya munthu amene khansa yake yafalikira.

Ngati chithandizo chanu chapambana, dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amakupemphani kuti mubwere kudzayezetsa miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira, komanso miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena khumi ndi iwiri iliyonse kwa zaka zitatu zotsatira. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kungaphatikizepo kuyezetsa thupi, kuyezetsa magazi, kuyezetsa zithunzi, ndi endoscopy.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Khansa ya m'mero ​​ndi matenda omwe angawononge moyo wanu. Ngati muli ndi vutoli, mungafune kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso monga awa:

• Ndi khansa yamtundu wanji ya m'mero ​​yomwe ndili nayo?
• Kodi khansa yanga ili pamlingo wotani?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chanji?
• Kodi izi zingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu?
• Ngati sindingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, mungatani kuti mundithandize?
• Kodi ndingakhale ndi khansa iyi kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita mayeso a majini kapena mayeso a biomarker?

Musaope kufunsa mafunso awa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mumvetse bwino momwe zinthu zilili.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Khansa ya m'mero ​​ndi khansa ya khumi yofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndi khansa yovuta kuchiza. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera khansa ikafalikira. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kupeza mankhwala athunthu. Pazochitika zotere, madokotala amayang'ana kwambiri kupatsa odwala chithandizo chomwe chimawathandiza kukhala ndi moyo wautali momwe angathere komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri.

Mwina palibe chovuta kwambiri pamoyo kuposa kuuzidwa kuti, "Muli ndi matenda osachiritsika." Panthawi ngati imeneyo, mungafunike nthawi ndi thandizo kuti muthane ndi vutoli. Madokotala akumvetsa izi ndipo adzachita zonse zomwe angathe kuti akuthandizeni. Ngati pakufunika kutero, adzakutumiziraninso kwa katswiri wa matenda amisala.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa kusintha kwa thupi lanu ndikupempha upangiri wa dokotala mwamsanga ngati muli ndi nkhawa. Mukazindikira msanga, chithandizocho chidzakhala chopambana.

Khansa ya M'mimba , Khansa ya M'mimba, Zizindikiro za Khansa, M'mimba, Kuvuta Kumeza, Chithandizo cha Khansa, Chemotherapy