Timatuluka thukuta tsiku lonse, pakamwa pathu timatuluka madzi tikamadya, ndipo maso athu amagwetsa misozi tikamamva chisoni. Ngakhale tingaganize kuti zonsezi ndi zinthu zomwe zimachitika m'thupi lathu, kumbuyo kwa zonsezi kuli 'mafakitale' ang'onoang'ono m'thupi lathu. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha izi kuti exocrine glands. Kotero lero, tiyeni tikambirane za dongosolo labwino kwambiri la glands.
Mwachidule, kodi ma exocrine glands ndi chiyani?
Ma glands a exocrine ndi gulu la maselo omwe amapanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana m'thupi lathu (monga thukuta, malovu, misozi, mkaka, ndi madzi osakaniza m'mimba) ndikuzitulutsa kudzera m'machubu ang'onoang'ono (njira) pamwamba pa thupi kapena m'bowo mkati mwa thupi. Taganizirani izi ngati dongosolo la mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula katundu wopangidwa ku fakitale kupita komwe akufuna. Ma glands awa amafalikira m'ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi lathu ndipo amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana pamalo aliwonse.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa exocrine ndi endocrine glands?
Mwina mwamvapo za ma endocrine glands. Ngakhale kuti onse ndi ma endocrine glands, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa momwe amagwirira ntchito. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku.
| Khalidwe | Zilonda za Exocrine | Matenda a Endocrine |
|---|---|---|
| Njira yochotsera | Ili ndi njira zosiyana zonyamulira madzi otuluka m'thupi. | Izi zilibe njira zotulutsira madzi. Zinthu zotuluka m'magazi zimasonkhanitsidwa mwachindunji m'magazi . |
| Zinthu zomwe zimamveka | Zinthu monga thukuta, malovu, misozi, mkaka, ma enzyme. | Mahomoni okha. |
| Zitsanzo | Ma glands a thukuta, ma glands a malovu, ma glands a misozi. | Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro, pituitary gland. |
Kumbukirani: Exocrine ndi tiziwalo tomwe tili ndi 'Exits' (zotuluka), mwachitsanzo ducts. Endocrine ndi tiziwalo tomwe timatuluka mwachindunji m'magazi ('Endo' - mkati).
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya exocrine glands m'thupi lathu ndi iti?
Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma exocrine glands omwe ndi ofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa thupi lathu. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa izo ndi ntchito zake.
| Mtundu wa gland | Chikuchitika ndi chiyani (ntchito) |
|---|---|
| Matuza a thukuta | Timatulutsa ndi kutulutsa thukuta. Izi zimathandiza kulamulira kutentha kwa thupi lathu. |
| Zilonda za sebaceous | Sebum ndi mafuta ofunikira pakhungu ndi tsitsi. Amateteza khungu ndi tsitsi. |
| Ma gland a malovu | Zimapanga malovu. Izi zimathandiza kutafuna, kumeza, ndi kugaya chakudya. Zimatetezanso minofu ya mkamwa. |
| Zilonda zam'mimba | Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti, tomwe tili pamwamba pa diso, timatulutsa misozi. Nthawi iliyonse tikamathima, misoziyi imafalikira m'diso lonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lonyowa komanso loyera. |
| Ma gland a mabere | Mkaka wa m'mawere umapangidwa. Mkaka wa m'mawere uwu umapereka zakudya zofunika kuti mwana akule bwino komanso kuti chitetezo chamthupi chikhale cholimba. |
| Zilonda za Ceruminous | Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti, tomwe tili mkati mwa khutu, timatulutsa sera (cerumen) , yomwe imateteza khutu ku kuwonongeka ndi matenda. |
| Mimba | Imatulutsa ma enzyme ndi ma acid ofunikira kuti chimbudzi chizigayidwe. |
Kuphatikiza apo, chiwindi chathu ndi kapamba ndi ziwalo ziwiri zapadera. Chifukwa zonse zimagwira ntchito ngati ma exocrine glands ndi ma endocrine glands. Chiwindi chimatulutsa madzi am'mimba monga ndulu kupita mu chitoliro cha chakudya (exocrine function). Mofananamo, kapamba amatulutsa ma enzymes am'mimba kudzera m'mitsempha (exocrine function). Nthawi yomweyo, ziwalo zonsezi zimatulutsa mahomoni mwachindunji m'magazi (endocrine function).
Kodi ma glands amenewa amapereka chithandizo chotani ku thupi lathu?
Ma glands a exocrine ali ngati gulu la ogwira ntchito chete m'thupi lathu. Amatipatsa zabwino zambiri.
- Zimathandiza kugaya chakudya ndi kuyamwa michere.
- Kusunga kutentha kwa thupi pamlingo wofanana.
- Zimateteza ndi kunyowetsa khungu ndi tsitsi lathu.
- Zimateteza minofu ya mkati mwa ziwalo monga maso, makutu, ndi pakamwa.
Ma glands a Exocrine amatulutsa timadzi ta m'thupi
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatulutsa zinthu zake m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pali njira zitatu zazikulu. Izi zingamveke ngati zasayansi pang'ono, koma tiyeni tizisunge mosavuta.
1. Dongosolo la Merocrine: Chomwe chimachitika apa ndichakuti kutulutsa madzi kumangotulutsidwa popanda kuwononga maselo a gland. Kunena zoona, kudzera mu njira yotchedwa ``Exocytosis``. Umu ndi momwe ma gland athu a thukuta amagwirira ntchito.
2. Dongosolo la Apocrine: Apa, kutulutsa madzi kumatulutsidwa ndi gawo laling'ono la nembanemba ya selo. Ndiko kuti, chidutswa chaching'ono cha selo chimatulutsidwa. Ma glands athu a m'mawere (omwe amapanga mkaka wa m'mawere) ndi chitsanzo cha dongosololi.
3. Dongosolo la Holocrine: Mu izi, selo lonse limawonongeka kuti litulutse kutulutsa kwa secretion. Umu ndi momwe ma sebaceous glands athu amatulutsira sebum.
Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza glands za exocrine?
Popeza tinthu timeneti timapezeka m'thupi lonse, pali matenda ambiri omwe angatikhudze. Tiyeni tionepo ochepa mwa iwo.
- Kuchuluka kwa thukuta: Thukuta lochuluka limayamba chifukwa cha ma glands a thukuta omwe amapanga thukuta lochuluka kuposa lomwe thupi limafunikira. Vutoli lingapangitse anthu ena kukhala osasangalala kucheza.
- Bromhidrosis: Fungo limayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe ali pakhungu omwe amaswa thukuta likauma.
- Ziphuphu (Acne vulgaris): Ziphuphu zimenezi ndi zomwe zimayambitsa vuto la ziphuphu zomwe ambiri a ife timakumana nazo tili achinyamata. Ziphuphu zimachitika pamene ziphuphu zamafuta zimatulutsa sebum, zomwe zimatseka machubu a ziphuphu.
- Matenda a Sjögren: Uwu ndi matenda a "autoimmune", kutanthauza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira maselo ake. Chimawononga malovu ndi zotupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakamwa ndi maso pakhale pouma kwambiri.
- Matenda a m'mimba mwa mayi: Pa nthawi yoyamwitsa kapena nthawi zina, zinthu monga kutsekeka ndi kutupa kwa m'mimba mwa mayi zimatha kuchitika.
- Matenda a cystic fibrosis: Uwu ndi matenda obadwa nawo. Kusintha kwa mapuloteni komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kupanga mamina, thukuta, ndi madzi ogaya chakudya m'thupi kumayambitsa mamina okhuthala komanso omata m'ziwalo monga mapapo ndi kapamba.
- Pancreatitis: Kutupa kwa kapamba, komwe kungalepheretse kupanga ma enzyme ofunikira kugaya chakudya.
Mutha kuona kufunika kwa ma exocrine glands amenewa pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa thupi lathu. Chifukwa chake ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse ndi izi, mwachitsanzo, thukuta kwambiri, pakamwa pouma, kapena ziphuphu zosalamulirika, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu . Iye adzakuyang'anirani ndikukupatsani upangiri wofunikira.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ma glands a exocrine ndi mtundu wa gland yomwe imapanga zinthu monga thukuta, malovu, ndi misozi ndikuzitulutsa kudzera m'mitsempha yopita pamwamba pa thupi kapena m'mabowo.
- Ma endocrine glands ndi ma ducts opanda ducts omwe amapanga mahomoni ndikuwatulutsa mwachindunji m'magazi.
- Ma exocrine glands amenewa amagwira ntchito zofunika kwambiri, monga kugaya chakudya, kulamulira kutentha kwa thupi, komanso kuteteza khungu.
- Kusintha kwa ntchito ya tiziwalo timeneti kungayambitse mavuto monga thukuta kwambiri, ziphuphu, komanso pakamwa ndi maso ouma.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zovutitsa, nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni malangizo.
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