Tangoganizani kuti nkhope ya munthu yawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa cha ngozi yaikulu, kupsa, kapena matenda. Nthawi zina, kuwonongekako kungakhale kwakukulu kwambiri moti ngakhale zinthu zosavuta zomwe timachita tsiku lililonse, monga kulankhula, kudya, ndi kumwetulira, sizingatheke. Nthawi zina timavutika maganizo ndipo sitingathe kukumana ndi anthu. Nthawi zina ngati izi ndi pamene opaleshoni yovuta kwambiri yotchedwa " Face Transplant", yomwe imasonyeza kupita patsogolo kwakukulu mu sayansi ya zamankhwala, imawonekera kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti iyi ndi njira yosowa kwambiri, ingasinthe moyo wa munthu kwathunthu.
Ndani akufunika kuikidwa nkhope?
Kawirikawiri, kuwonongeka kwa nkhope kumatha kukonzedwa pang'ono ndi zinthu monga opaleshoni ya pulasitiki. Koma nthawi zina kuwonongekako kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti sikungathe kukonzedwa ndi opaleshoni yachizolowezi yokonzanso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati minofu ya nkhope yawonongeka kwambiri, mungaganizire zoiika nkhope ina.
Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zazikulu izi:
- Ngozi zoopsa: Kuvulala kwambiri kumaso chifukwa cha ngozi zoopsa, monga ngozi zamagalimoto.
- Kupsa: Kupsa kwambiri kumaso chifukwa cha moto kapena mankhwala.
- Matenda: Mitundu ina ya khansa kapena matenda ena ingafunike kuchotsedwa ziwalo zina za nkhope.
- Zolakwika zobadwa nazo: Zolakwika zazikulu za nkhope zomwe zimachitika munthu akangobadwa.
Mwachidule, opaleshoni iyi ndi yosintha moyo wa munthu amene ali yekhayekha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a nkhope yake ndipo sangathe kuchita ngakhale ntchito zoyambira monga kulankhula, kutafuna, kumeza, ndi kuphethira.
Kodi ndingatani kuti ndiyenerere opaleshoniyi?
Opaleshoni iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri, kotero si aliyense amene angachite izi. Zipatala ndi magulu azachipatala amatsatira mfundo zokhwima kwambiri pa izi.
| Zofunikira pakuyenerera | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Zaka | Khalani ndi zaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 60. |
| Kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya nkhope | Osachepera 25% ya minofu ya nkhope yawonongeka. |
| Kupeza mankhwala | Kukhala wokhoza komanso wofunitsitsa kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kwa moyo wonse. |
| Mimba | Ngati muli ndi pakati, osachepera milungu 6 mutabereka. Gwirizanani kuti musatenge mimba kwa chaka chimodzi mutachita opaleshoni. |
| Matenda ena | Palibe matenda aakulu monga HIV kapena Hepatitis. Palibe mbiri ya khansa kapena matenda a mtima. |
| Zizolowezi zina | Musasute. |
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani musanachite opaleshoni?
Iyi ndi njira yayitali yomwe imaphatikizapo masitepe angapo. Choyamba, muyenera kuvomerezedwa kuti muchite opaleshoniyi. Izi zimaphatikizapo zinthu zambiri, monga mayeso azachipatala ndi kuwunika thanzi la maganizo. Mukatsimikiza kuti ndinu woyenera, mumayikidwa pa "mndandanda wodikira." Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kudikira mpaka wopereka chithandizo woyenera atapezeka.
Kodi ndingagwirizanitse bwanji wopereka ndemanga?
Wopereka ndi munthu wakufa. Kupereka nkhope kumachitika ndi chilolezo cha banja la munthuyo. Iyi ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri. Posankha nkhope yomwe ikuyenererani, zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- Mtundu wa magazi
- Mtundu wa minofu
- Mtundu wa khungu
- Kugonana kwachilengedwe
- Zaka
- Kukula kwa nkhope
Zinthu izi zikagwirizana bwino momwe zingathere, opaleshoniyi imayenda bwino. Komanso, madokotala adzafufuza ngati muli ndi khungu labwino kwinakwake m'thupi lanu. Kodi mukudziwa chomwe chili? Gwiritsani ntchito ngati choikamocho chalephera mwanjira iliyonse.
Kukonzekera maganizo
Muyenera kukonzekera opaleshoniyi mwakuthupi komanso m'maganizo. Madokotala a zamaganizo ndi ogwira ntchito zachitukuko adzakulankhulani ndikukukonzekeretsani ulendowu. Chifukwa kuyamba kukhala ndi nkhope yatsopano ndi vuto lalikulu la maganizo.
Kodi opaleshoniyi imachitidwa bwanji?
Nkhani ya mpikisano ikangolandiridwa, zonse zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri. Opaleshoniyo imatha kutenga maola 10 okha mpaka maola 30.
Tangoganizirani, magulu awiri azachipatala akugwira ntchito m'zipinda ziwiri zochitira opaleshoni nthawi imodzi.
1. Gulu limodzi limachotsa mosamala minofu ya nkhope (khungu, minofu, mitsempha, mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale mafupa) kuchokera kwa woperekayo wakufayo.
2. Gulu lina lidzakukonzekeretsani opaleshoni. Adzachotsa minofu yanu yowonongeka ndikupeza mitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ikufunika kuti muyike nkhope yanu yatsopano.
Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu, kotero mudzakhala mukugona nthawi yonse ya opaleshoni. Nkhope ya woperekayo ikachotsedwa, imasungidwa mu yankho lapadera. Kenako, madokotala opaleshoni amalumikiza mafupa kaye. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito mbale za titaniyamu ndi zomangira .
Kenako pamabwera gawo lovuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu, mitsempha yaying'ono yamagazi ndi mitsempha yochokera kunkhope ya woperekayo imalumikizidwa ku mitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha ya kunkhope kwanu. Pomaliza, minofu, minyewa, ndi zina zotero zimalumikizidwa, ndipo khungu limasokedwa.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa opaleshoni?
Mukachita opaleshoni, mudzalowetsedwa mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU). Zidzatenga nthawi kuti mubwererenso ku chikumbumtima. Matenda anu akakhazikika, mudzasamutsidwira ku chipinda chosinthira.
- Kuchira kuchipatala: Mungafunike kukhala m'chipatala kwa sabata imodzi mpaka 6 kapena kuposerapo.
- Chakudya: Poyamba, chakudya chimaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu.
- Ululu: Mankhwala opha ululu amaperekedwa.
- Kubwezeretsa: Akatswiri ochiritsa thupi amakuthandizani kulankhulanso, kumeza chakudya, komanso kuwongolera mawonekedwe a nkhope.
- Thandizo la maganizo: Madokotala a matenda amisala akupitiriza kukuthandizani kuti muzolowere maganizo anu kuti agwirizane ndi mawonekedwe anu atsopano.
Zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri kapena itatu kuti kutupa kuchepe. Zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti nkhope ibwererenso kumva. Zingatenge pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kuti ntchito zambiri za nkhope, monga kumwetulira, zibwererenso. Izi zimafuna kuleza mtima kwambiri.
Kodi zoopsa ndi zovuta zake ndi ziti?
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni iliyonse, pali zoopsa. Iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, kotero zoopsa zake ndi zazikulu.
| Mitundu ikuluikulu ya zoopsa | |
|---|---|
| Zoopsa zokhudzana ndi opaleshoni |
|
| Kukana kwa minofu | Ichi ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu. Mwachidule, chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimazindikira nkhope yatsopanoyi ngati "mdani" ndipo chimaiukira. Chizindikiro chimodzi cha izi ndikuwoneka ngati ziphuphu pankhope panu. |
| Zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi | Mankhwalawa (immunosuppressants) omwe amaperekedwa kuti aletse kukana kwa minofu amafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi chanu. Izi zimakupangitsani kukhala ndi matenda ena. Komanso, pakapita nthawi, mankhwalawa amatha kuwononga impso zanu ndikuyambitsa matenda ena akuluakulu monga matenda a shuga ndi khansa. |
Ngati pali zizindikiro za kukana kwa minofu, madokotala adzakutengerani kachidutswa kakang'ono ka khungu (biopsy) kenako adzakupatsani mankhwala amphamvu kudzera mu mtsempha (IV) kuti musiye kukana. Ngati kukana sikulamuliridwa mwanjira iliyonse, kungakhale koopsa. Komabe, pafupifupi 89% ya anthu omwe achitidwa opaleshoniyi amapulumuka. Imfa zingapo zanenedwa chifukwa cha matenda kapena kukana kosalamulirika.
Chofunika ndichakuti nkhope yatsopano yomwe mudzakhala nayo sidzakhala yofanana ndi ya woperekayo, komanso sidzakhala yofanana ndi nkhope yanu yakale. Idzakhala yophatikiza zonse ziwiri. Inu ndi banja lanu muyenera kumvetsetsa izi bwino. Musanapange chisankho chilichonse chokhudza izi, muyenera kukambirana mozama ndi gulu la madokotala apadera ndikuzindikira mbali zonse.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuika nkhope ndi opaleshoni yovuta kwambiri komanso yosachitika kawirikawiri pomwe minofu ya nkhope ya munthu womwalirayo imayikidwa m'malo mwa nkhope yowonongeka kwambiri.
- Kuti munthu ayenerere opaleshoniyi, ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachipatala komanso zamaganizo.
- Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi ndikukhala pansi pa utsogoleri wa dokotala moyo wanu wonse.
- Zoopsa zazikulu ndi kukana nkhope yatsopano ndi thupi komanso matenda.
- Kuchira kumatenga nthawi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo chithandizo chakuthupi komanso chamaganizo ndizofunikira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukambirana nkhaniyi mozama ndi dokotala musanapange chisankho chilichonse chokhudza izi.
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