Kodi tiyenera kuphunzira zambiri za mafakitale ang'onoang'ono awa m'thupi lathu - ma glands?

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndi zinthu zingati zodabwitsa zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa matupi athu? Zili ngati mafakitale ang'onoang'ono ambiri omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi. Pali ziwalo zina zazing'ono m'thupi lathu zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, timazitcha kuti glands . Mwina munamvapo mawu awa, koma kodi mukudziwa bwino lomwe zomwe zili ndi zomwe zimachita? Lero tikambirana mwachidule, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi ma glands ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, tinthu ta m'mimba ndi maselo kapena minofu yapadera yomwe imapanga ndikutulutsa mankhwala ofunikira m'thupi lathu. Ganizirani ngati mankhwala ang'onoang'ono omwe amathandiza matupi athu kugwira ntchito bwino. Tinthu ta m'mimba tina timatulutsa mankhwala omwe amakhudza malo ozungulira. Komabe, palinso tinthu ta m'mimba tina timene timatulutsa mankhwala omwe amayenda m'thupi lonse ndikuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana zofunika.

Ma glands onsewa amapangidwa ndi minofu ya epithelial, imodzi mwa mitundu inayi ikuluikulu ya minofu m'thupi lathu. Amadziwa bwino momwe amapangira ndi kutulutsa mankhwala osiyanasiyana.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya glands - tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya ma gland. Mitundu yake ndi iyi:

1. Ma Exocrine Glands

2. Ma Endocrine Glands

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mtundu uliwonse wa mitundu iyi padera.

Ma exocrine glands - amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Ma gland awa ali ndi njira zazing'ono zonga chubu zotchedwa "Ducts" kuti azinyamula zinthu zomwe amapanga. Monga momwe madzi amatulukira kuchokera pampopi, njirazi ndi komwe zinthu zawo zimapita komwe zimafunikira. Nazi zitsanzo zina zomwe mungadziwe bwino:

• Mkaka wa m'mawere kuchokera kwa amayi kupita kwa makanda
• Ma enzyme a m'mimba amatithandiza kugaya chakudya chomwe timadya.
• Mafinya ochokera m'mphuno
• Malovu
• Thukuta
• Misozi imabwera tikamalira.

Zonsezi zimapangidwa ndi glands za exocrine.

Endocrine Glands - Kodi ndi chiyani chapadera pa iwo?

Mtundu uwu wa gland ndi wosiyana pang'ono. Amatulutsa mankhwala omwe amapanga mwachindunji m'magazi . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, alibe njira monga ma exocrine glands. Chifukwa amayenda m'thupi lonse ndi magazi, mankhwala ndi zinthu zomwe amapanga zimatha kupindulitsa thupi lonse. Nthawi zambiri timatcha mahomoni awa.

Zitsanzo zina ndi izi:

• Mapuloteni ovuta omwe amathandiza magazi kuundana, mwachitsanzo , zinthu zoundana magazi .
• Mahomoni omwe amathandiza kagayidwe kathu ka chakudya (kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu m'thupi), mwachitsanzo `Ghrelin`, yomwe imalamulira njalaGlucagon ndi Insulin , zomwe zimawongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
• Zina mwa ma neurotransmitters omwe amanyamula mauthenga mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha, mwachitsanzo, adrenaline ndi norepinephrine .
• Mahomoni ogonana amagwirizana ndi makhalidwe athu ogonana komanso njira zathu zoberekera, mwachitsanzo , estrogen mwa akazi ndi testosterone mwa amuna.

Kodi mukumvetsa kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi? Imodzi ili ndi njira, inayo ilibe, ndipo imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi magazi.

Kodi tinthu timeneti tili kuti m'thupi lathu? Mungadabwe!

Pali ma glands otuluka thukuta m'thupi mwathu kuposa momwe mungaganizire. Tangoganizani, pali ma glands otuluka thukuta mamiliyoni ambiri pakhungu lanu lokha! Tiyeni tiwone komwe ali makamaka.

• Ma glands a Adenoid kumbuyo kwa mphuno .
• Ma glands a m'makoswe mu anus .
• Ma glands a Ceruminous ndi ma glands omwe amapanga sera mkati mwa khutu .
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mimba timene timapanga ma enzymes ogaya chakudya.
• Impso ndi ma adrenal glands pamwamba pawo.
• Chiwindi ndi kapamba (zonsezi, modabwitsa, zimagwira ntchito ngati ma endocrine ndi exocrine glands).
• Ma glands a mammary ndi omwe amapanga mkaka m'mabere a akazi .
• Tizilombo ta Meibomian tozungulira maso (tomwe timatulutsa chinthu chonga mafuta chomwe chimathandiza kuti maso akhale onyowa) ndi tizilombo ta m'maso, tomwe timatulutsa misozi.
• Ma gland a Brunner, omwe amapanga chinthu chofanana ndi mamina, amapezeka m'chigawo choyamba cha matumbo ang'onoang'ono (Duodenum) .
• Mazira a akazi.
• Tizilombo tiwiri tofunikira kwambiri muubongo wathu ndi pituitary gland ndi pineal gland.
• Chiwalo cha prostate chamwamuna, ma vesicles a seminal, ndi ma geni ena ofanana nawo.
• Tizilombo tosiyanasiyana mkati mwa pakamwa timatulutsa malovu, mwachitsanzo tinthu ta parotid pafupi ndi khutu.
• Mizu ya tsitsi lathu ili ndi ma sebaceous glands (omwe amapanga chinthu chonga mafuta chomwe chimathandiza kuti khungu likhale lonyowa).
• Skene's Gland ili pafupi ndi nyini mwa akazi.
• Ma glands a thukuta pakhungu lathu (`Apocrine` ndi `Eccrine Sweat Glands`).
• Thymus gland mkati mwa chifuwa (izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo chathu chamthupi).
• Chithokomiro cha khosi ndi ma thyroid glands a parathyroid omwe alumikizidwa nacho.

Kodi mwaona malo angati pa matupi athu omwe tili ndi mafakitale ang'onoang'ono awa!

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri ndi tiziwalo ta glands? Tiyeni tidziwe!

Chilichonse chikagwira ntchito bwino, palibe vuto. Koma nthawi zina, kusintha ndi matenda enaake amatha kuchitika pakugwira ntchito kwa ma glands amenewa. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa zinthu zimenezo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukapanga zambiri kapena zochepa kwambiri?

Vuto lofala kwambiri pa ma gland ambiri ndilakuti amapanga mankhwala ambiri kapena ochepa kwambiri omwe akuyenera kupanga.

• Matumbo a malovu akatulutsa malovu ambiri , pakamwa pamatha kutulutsa madzi, ndipo malovu akapangidwa pang'ono, pakamwa pamatha kuuma (Xerostomia) .
• Kulephera kugwira ntchito kwa tinthu ta Meibomian kungayambitse maso ouma komanso okwiya.
• Matenda a parathyroid glands : Kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso (Hyperparathyroidism) kapena kuchita zinthu mopereŵera (Hypoparathyroidism). Matendawa akhoza kukhala oopsa chifukwa amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa calcium m'thupi lathu.
• Matenda a Pituitary Gland : Kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso (Hyperpituitarism) kapena kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso (Hypopituitarism). Chifukwa chakuti gland iyi imayang'anira gland zina zambiri, mavuto ake angakhudze zinthu zambiri.
• Matenda a Chithokomiro : Kupanga mahomoni ambiri (Hyperthyroidism) kapena kupanga mahomoni ochepa (Hypothyroidism). Ilinso ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo.

Kutupa kwa glands

Nthawi zina tinthu ta m'mimba timatha kutupa ndi kutupa. Timatcha kuti `Kutupa`.

• Kutupa kwa parotid gland (kutupa kwa tsaya) - `Parotitis` .
• Kutupa kwa prostate gland mwa amuna - `Prostatitis` .
• Kutupa kwa malovu - `Sialadenitis` .
• Kutupa kwa chithokomiro - `Chithokomiro` .

Maselo athu akamaukira tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timadzi ta m'thupi (Autoimmune Conditions)

Nthawi zina, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimayamba molakwika kuukira tiziwalo tathu tathanzi. Izi timazitcha kuti matenda a autoimmune .

• Matenda a autoimmune omwe amakhudza chithokomiro: Mwachitsanzo , Matenda a Graves (chithokomiro chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso) ndi Matenda a Hashimoto (chithokomiro chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso).
• Myasthenia Gravis (matenda omwe amayambitsa kufooka kwa minofu) amakhudza thymus gland.
• Matenda a Autoimmune Pancreatitis (kutupa kwa kapamba) ndi matenda a Autoimmune Hepatitis (kutupa kwa chiwindi), omwe amawononga ziwalo monga kapamba ndi chiwindi.
• Matenda a Sjögren, omwe amayambitsa maso ndi pakamwa pouma.
• Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1(Maselo opanga insulin m'chifuwa amawonongeka).

Matenda a Exocrine Glands

Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kuchitika, makamaka m'matumbo akunja.

• Matenda a diso la `Dacryoadenitis` .
• Mumps (matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo omwe amakhudza tinthu ta m'malovu).
• Ma Styes (nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a gland) - `Ma Styes` .

Matenda Ena Obadwa Nawo

Mavuto ena a gland amatha kubadwa nawo. Ambiri mwa mavutowa amayamba chifukwa cha majini.

• `Carney Complex` (zotupa zimatha kuchitika m'matenda osiyanasiyana).
• Cystic Fibrosis (imakhudza machitidwe opumira ndi kugaya chakudya, imakulitsa kutulutsa kwa glands za exocrine).
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dwarfism (Dwarfism / Skeletal Dysplasia) (zina mwa izo zimagwirizana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mahomoni).

Zotupa m'matenda a gland

Mwatsoka, monga kwina kulikonse m'thupi lathu, zotupa zimatha kumera m'matupi. Izi zitha kukhala zosavulaza (zosakhala khansa) kapena zoopsa (khansa) . Zotupa izi zikamera pa matupi, zimatha kuzipangitsa kupanga mankhwala ambiri kapena ochepa kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi matupi amenewo.

Chofunika: Musamaope matenda awa. Izi ndi zinthu zofunika kuzidziwa. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, ndi bwino kufunsa upangiri kwa dokotala.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe vuto la glands?

Ngati dokotala akuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la gland, chinthu choyamba chomwe angachite ndikukupimirani "Kuyezetsa Thupi" mokwanira . Adzayang'ana kusintha kwa thupi lanu komwe mungathe kuwona ndikumva. Kuphatikiza apo, angachite mayeso monga:

• Kuyezetsa Magazi : Chitsanzo cha magazi anu chikhoza kutengedwa ndikuyesedwa kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa zinthu monga mahomoni omwe amatulutsidwa ndi tiziwalo timeneti. Izi zitha kuzindikira mavuto ambiri a tiziwalo timeneti.
• Mayeso Ojambula : Ma ultrasound scan, CT scan , kapena MRI scan amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana glands mkati mwa thupi. Izi zimatha kuwona kusintha kwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a glands.

Kutengera ndi zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri yanu ya thanzi, mayeso enaake angachitike. Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zambiri za izi.

Kodi tingatani kuti tiziwalo tathu tikhale ndi thanzi labwino?

Kuchita zinthu zabwino kwa thupi lathu lonse kumathandizanso kwambiri pa tiziwalo ta m'mimba mwathu. Onani zinthu izi:

• Pita kukayezetsa kuchipatala kamodzi pachaka.Kawirikawiri, mavuto a gland amatha kuzindikirika popita kukayezetsa ngati izi zizindikiro zisanawonekere.
• Yesetsani kukhala ndi kulemera koyenera .
• Pitirizani kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi momwe mungathere.
• Idyani zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi . Phatikizani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndi tirigu zosiyanasiyana muzakudya zanu.

Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo , makamaka ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la gland, kapena ngati muli ndi kutupa kapena zizindikiro za matenda m'malo monga maso kapena pakamwa.

Kodi ma lymph nodes awa ndi mtundu wa gland?

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimasokoneza anthu ambiri. Ayi, ma lymph nodes si ma glands.

Pali zifukwa zoganizira kuti ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Choyamba n'chakuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tozungulirati, m'malo monga khosi, m'khwapa, ndi pansi pa chibwano, tili pafupi kwambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka m'thupi. Chinanso n'chakuti anthu ena amatchanso kuti "Lymph Glands." Koma dzina limenelo si lolondola, chifukwa silisonyeza makhalidwe a tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Tinthu ta m'thupi ndi mbali ya chitetezo chathu chamthupi.

Ndi ma glands ati omwe ali pansi pa chibwano chathu?

Pali tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mkati ndi mozungulira nsagwada yanu. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timatanthauza "pansi pa nsagwada") tili pamenepo. Komanso pafupi pali tiziwalo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili pansi pa lilime lanu . Izi makamaka ndi tizilombo ta malovu.

Kodi ma glands omwe ali pakhosi ndi otani?

Chithokomiro chachikulu chomwe chili m'khosi mwanu ndi chithokomiro . Chimaoneka ngati gulugufe ndipo chimapanga mahomoni ofunikira omwe amakhudza zinthu zambiri m'thupi lathu. Mbali zonse ziwiri, pali tinthu tina tating'onoting'ono tinayi totchedwa parathyroid glands .

Pomaliza, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri choti ndikuuzeni (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Bola mafakitale ang'onoang'ono awa otchedwa glands m'thupi lathu akugwira ntchito mwakachetechete, sitikumbukira kuti ali komweko, sichoncho? Koma ngati pali vuto laling'ono ndi limodzi mwa awa, lingatikhudze kwambiri kotero kuti sitingathe kuganizira china chilichonse.

Choncho, ngati muli ndi mafunso, nkhawa, kapena zizindikiro zatsopano zokhudza glands zanu, ntchito yawo, kapena china chilichonse, musanyalanyaze zimenezo . Lankhulani ndi dokotala za izi. Nthawi zina zimakhala zochititsa manyazi komanso zosasangalatsa. Koma kumbukirani, dokotala salipo kuti akuweruzeni. Ntchito yawo ndi kukumverani, kukutsogolerani, kukuthandizani, ndikukuthandizani kubwerera ku moyo wanu wabwinobwino komanso wathanzi.

Choncho, samalirani thupi lanu, ndipo funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse. Imeneyo ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yokhalira ndi thanzi labwino!

Ma hormone, ma exocrine glands, ma endocrine glands, chithokomiro, pituitary, thanzi