Kodi ntchito ya impso ikuchepa? Tiyeni tikambirane za hemodialysis

Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi mantha komanso nkhawa dokotala wanu akakuuzani kuti impso zanu sizikugwira ntchito bwino. Mwina munauzidwa kuti muyenera kuchitidwa dialysis. Anthu ambiri amada nkhawa akamva mawu awa, ndipo sangaganize zomwe zichitike. Koma ngati timvetsetsa bwino njira iyi yochiritsira, mudzamvetsa kuti iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yomwe ingapulumutse moyo wanu. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za hemodialysis mwachidule.

Mwachidule, kodi hemodialysis ndi chiyani?

Taganizirani impso zanu ngati zosefera ziwiri zazikulu m'thupi lathu. Zimasefa zinyalala zosafunikira, poizoni, ndi madzi ochulukirapo m'magazi athu ndikuwatulutsa ngati mkodzo. Koma matenda a impso akamalepheretsa kuchita bwino ntchitoyi, poizoniyo amayamba kuwunjikana m'thupi.

Hemodialysis ndi njira yoyeretsera magazi pogwiritsa ntchito makina omwe amachotsa zinyalala za nayitrogeni (urea), zinyalala kuchokera ku minofu (creatinine), ndi ma acid kuchokera m'magazi, ndikubwezera magazi oyeretsedwa m'thupi.

Kodi makina awa amayeretsa bwanji magazi?

Makina oyeretsera magazi awa ali ndi fyuluta yapadera. Amatchedwa 'dialyzer'. Anthu ena amatchanso 'impso yopangira'. Magazi omwe amatengedwa m'thupi lanu amapita mu 'dialyzer' iyi. Pamene magazi akuyenda kudzera m'machubu ooneka ngati maukonde mkati mwake, zinyalala ndi madzi ochulukirapo okha m'magazi ndi omwe amasefedwa.

Zinyalala zimenezi zimasonkhanitsidwa mu madzi apadera otchedwa 'dialysate'. Izi zimapangidwa ndi madzi, mchere, ndi ma electrolyte. Tsopano magazi oyera, omwe ali ndi zinyalala zonse zochotsedwa, amatumizidwa ku thupi lanu kudzera mu makina. Madzi a 'dialysate', omwe ali ndi zinyalala, amachotsedwa mu makina. Taganizirani ngati fyuluta ya tiyi yomwe imasefa masamba a tiyi ndipo tiyi yekha ndiye amagwera mu kapu.

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zoyeretsera magazi m'thupi:

Mukhoza kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndi kusankha njira yoyenera kwa inu.

Palinso mitundu ya hemodialysis ya kunyumba.

• Kuyeretsa magazi m'thupi kunyumba: Mu njira iyi, chithandizo chimachitika masiku atatu pa sabata, kwa maola 3-4 nthawi imodzi.
• Kuyeretsa magazi m'thupi kunyumba kwa nthawi yochepa: Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano. Izi zimachitika masiku 5-7 pa sabata, koma zimatenga nthawi yochepa, pafupifupi maola awiri nthawi imodzi.
• Kuyeretsa magazi usiku kunyumba: Izi zimachitika usiku mukugona. Makinawa amagwira ntchito kwa maola 6-8 nthawi imodzi, pafupifupi masiku 4-6 pa sabata. Izi zimathandiza kuti magazi ayeretsedwe kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero amachotsa zinyalala bwino kuposa njira zina.

Ndani kwenikweni amene akufunikira chithandizochi?

Ngati muli ndi matenda aakulu a impso, otchedwa End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) , muyenera hemodialysis. Komanso, kwa munthu amene akuyembekezera kuikidwa impso, chithandizochi n'chofunika kwambiri kuti apulumuke mpaka ataikidwa impso.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati chithandizo chakanidwa?

Nkhaniyi ndi yovuta pang'ono, koma tiyenera kukambirana za iyo. Ngati wina asankha kuti asayambe hemodialysis, kapena ngati ayamba kenako n’kusiya, poizoni amayamba kusonkhana m’magazi. Timatcha vutoli kuti ``uremia.'' Tsoka ilo, vutoli ndi loopsa. Popanda chithandizo, mungakhale ndi moyo kwa masiku kapena milungu ingapo okha.

Ichi ndi chisankho chaumwini. Komabe, musanapange chisankho choterocho, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndi abale anu za nkhawa zanu, mantha anu, ndi momwe mukumvera.

Kodi ndiyenera kukonzekera bwanji ndisanalandire chithandizo?

Musanayambe hemodialysis, milungu ingapo kapena mwezi umodzi pasadakhale, kukonzekera pang'ono kuyenera kuchitika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, 'kulowa' kuyenera kupangidwa kuti magazi athe kuchotsedwa mosavuta m'thupi ndikubwezeretsedwa m'thupi panthawi ya chithandizo. Izi zimafuna opaleshoni yaying'ono.

Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zochitira izi:

• AV fistula (Arteriovenous fistula - AV fistula): Pankhaniyi, dokotala wa opaleshoni amalumikiza mtsempha wamagazi ndi mtsempha m'dzanja lanu.
• Chogwirizira cha mitsempha ya m'mitsempha (AV graft): Ngati mtsempha ndi mtsempha zomwe zili m'dzanja lanu sizili zazitali mokwanira kuti zilumikizane, dokotala wa opaleshoni amagwiritsa ntchito chubu chaching'ono, chofewa (graft) kuti alumikize ziwirizi.

Njira zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti magazi akhale olimba omwe amalowetsa singano mosavuta panthawi yoyezera magazi. Izi zimathandizanso kuti magazi aziyenda mofulumira.

Ngati mukufuna kuyeretsa magazi mwadzidzidzi, dokotala wanu angaike chubu chofewa chotchedwa catheter kwakanthawi mumtsempha waukulu m'khosi mwanu, pachifuwa, kapena mwendo.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamalira mwayi wanu!

Chipangizo cholowera chomwe mwapangachi chiyenera kuonedwa ngati chinthu chamtengo wapatali. Ngati chagwidwa ndi matenda kapena kuwonongeka, sichingathe kuchiritsidwa. Zizindikiro za matenda ndi izi:

• Ululu
• Ululu ukakanikiza
• Kutupa
• Kusintha kwa mtundu (wofiira, imvi, pinki, bulauni, kapena wakuda)
• Malungo

Kuti muteteze mwayi wolowera, kumbukirani zinthu izi:

• Musagone mbali yolowera ikuyang'ana pansi.
• Musamavale zovala kapena zodzikongoletsera zomwe zingagwire m'dzanja limenelo.
• Musalole kuti lamba wa thumba ugwere pa malo olowera.
• Musalole munthu kuti apimidwe kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kutengedwa magazi kuchokera m'dzanja lomwe lili ndi mwayi wolowa.

Kodi muyenera kusintha zakudya zanu?

Inde, ndithudi. Zimene mumadya ndi kumwa zimakhudza mwachindunji kupambana kwa chithandizo cha hemodialysis. Zakudya zina zimawonjezera zinyalala m'magazi, kusunga madzi m'thupi, kuthamanga kwa magazi, ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kulankhula ndi katswiri wazakudya za impso kuti mupange dongosolo la zakudya lomwe lili loyenera kwa inu.

Kawirikawiri, muyenera kuchepetsa zakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe zili ndi zinthuzi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya chithandizo?

Namwino kapena katswiri adzaika singano ziwiri mu cholumikizira chomwe chapangidwa m'dzanja lanu. Singano imodzi idzatenga magazi kuchokera m'thupi lanu ndikutumiza ku makina. Magazi akatsukidwa ndi choyeretsera chomwe chili mu makinawo, singano inayo idzatumiza magazi oyera m'thupi lanu.

Makinawa amawunika kuthamanga kwa magazi anu panthawi yonse ya chithandizo. Makinawa amathanso kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi izi zimapweteka?

Mudzamva kupweteka pang'ono pamene singano ziwirizo zalowetsedwa mu njira yanu yolowera. Komabe, simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse kwa maola angapo mutalandira chithandizo. Anthu ambiri amawerenga buku, kuonera TV, kapena kugona panthawiyi.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikutenga nthawi yayitali chonchi?

Impso ziwiri zathanzi zimayeretsa magazi nthawi zonse maola 24 patsiku, ngakhale mukugona. Makina oyeretsera magazi sangachite zimenezo. Impso zathanzi zimayeretsa malita pafupifupi 140 a magazi patsiku. Koma mphamvu ya chithandizo cha hemodialysis ndi yotsika kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ziyenera kuchitika kwa maola osachepera 3-4 nthawi imodzi.

Pambuyo pa chithandizo ndi zotsatirapo zake zomwe zingachitike

Mankhwala akatha, singano zimachotsedwa, malo okhudzidwawo amatsukidwa, ndipo amapaka pulasitala. Pambuyo pake, mutha kupita kunyumba monga mwachizolowezi.

Anthu ambiri amamva kutopa pang'ono akalandira chithandizo. Izi zitha kukhala kwa maola angapo. Izi ndi zachilendo. Koma ngati simukumva bwino, uzani dokotala wanu za izi.

Pali zotsatirapo zina zingapo zomwe zingagwirizane ndi hemodialysis. Si aliyense amene angakumane ndi izi, koma ndi bwino kuzidziwa.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.

• Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi (chizungulire, kukomoka (syncope))
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana (kutupa, kufiira, kupweteka, malungo)
• Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba