Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndi zinthu zingati zomwe zimachitika m'thupi lanu popanda kuzindikira? Kupuma kwanu, kugaya chakudya, kumva kwanu chisangalalo ndi chisoni, zonsezi zimayambitsidwa ndi amithenga ang'onoang'ono. Timatcha amithenga amenewo mahomoni. Ali ngati mauthenga achinsinsi m'thupi lathu, akupita kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina, akutiuza kuti, 'Chitani izi, chitani izi.' Ndiye, kodi tikambirane za mahomoni odabwitsa awa lero?

Ndiye kodi mahomoni awa ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, mahomoni ndi amithenga a mankhwala m'thupi lathu. Amayendayenda m'thupi lathu lonse kudzera m'magazi athu, akuuza ziwalo zathu zosiyanasiyana, khungu, ndi minofu kuti zichite izi ndi izi. Tangoganizani kuti ngati matupi athu anali kampani yayikulu, mahomoniwo akanafanana ndi oyang'anira ake, akumayendetsa chilichonse.

Kodi mukudziwa kuti asayansi apeza kale mitundu yoposa 50 ya mahomoni m'thupi lathu! Mahomoni awa ndi ofunikira pa moyo wathu ndi thanzi lathu. Pamodzi, awa ndi tiziwalo timene timawapanga timapanga dongosolo lathu la endocrine . Dongosololi limayang'anira njira zambiri zofunika m'thupi lathu. Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Kagayidwe kachakudya: Iyi ndi njira yosinthira chakudya chomwe timadya kukhala mphamvu.
• Homeostasis: Izi zikutanthauza kuti thupi lili bwino (monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kutentha kwa thupi).
• Kukula ndi chitukuko: Timakula kuyambira tili ana.
• Kugonana ndi kubereka.
• Kugona ndi kudzuka: Timagona usiku ndipo timadzuka m'mawa.
• Maganizo: Maganizo monga ngati tikumva kusangalala kapena chisoni.

N'zodabwitsa kuganizira momwe mankhwala ang'onoang'ono awa angathandizire! Pankhani ya mahomoni, ngakhale pang'ono kwambiri zimatha kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu. Ndicho chifukwa chake ngakhale kusintha pang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kungayambitse kusintha kwakukulu m'thupi lathu, nthawi zina kumayambitsa matenda omwe amafunikira chithandizo chamankhwala.

Ndiye kodi mahomoni amenewa amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?

Chabwino, tsopano tikudziwa kuti mahomoni ndi amithenga. Ndiye mauthenga awa amatumizidwa bwanji? Ndani amamva mauthenga awa?

Eya, mahomoni ndi otumiza mankhwala . Amakhudza ndikuwongolera machitidwe mazana ambiri m'thupi lathu. Nthawi zambiri, njira imodzi m'thupi imafuna kuti mahomoni angapo agwire ntchito. Monga maulalo mu unyolo, mahomoni amodzi amatumiza uthenga kwa ena, omwe nawonso amatumiza uthenga kwa ena, ndi zina zotero.

Tsopano, kuti mahomoni akhudze gawo limodzi lokha la thupi, ayenera kukhala "oyenera." Izi zikutanthauza kuti, maselo omwe ali mu minofu yomwe mahomoniwo amawayang'ana (ikhoza kukhala chiwalo, ikhoza kukhala minofu yamafuta) ayenera kukhala ndi "ma receptor" apadera omwe angalandire uthenga wa mahomoniwo. Taganizirani ngati mahomoni ndi kiyi, ndipo maselo omwe ali mu minofuyo ali ngati makiyi omwe amapangidwira kuti agwirizane ndi kiyiyo.Monga momwe kiyi ingatsegule chitseko pokhapokha ngati yalowa mu kiyi, mahomoni amatha kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati alowa mu cholandirira. Pamenepo ndi pomwe mahomoni amatumiza uthenga womwe wabweretsa, kuwuza cholingacho kuti chichitepo kanthu. Kodi mukumvetsa?

Ngakhale zingawoneke ngati zosavuta, iyi ndi njira yodabwitsa! "Switch" yomwe imagwira ntchito pa hormone iliyonse ili pamalo ake ofanana. Ndicho chifukwa chake hormone imodzi imachita zomwe ikuyenera kuchita, popanda kukhudza thupi lonse.

Matupi athu amagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni m'njira ziwiri polankhulana.

1. Njira yoyamba ndi kulumikizana pakati pa tiziwalo tiwiri ta endocrine: Tizilombo tina timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timathandiza kuti tiziwalo timene timatulutsa timene timayambitsa timadzi tomwe timatulutsa. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa tizilombo ta pituitary ndi tizilombo ta thyroid . Tizilombo ta pituitary timatulutsa timadzi tomwe timatchedwa thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) . Tizilombo ta thyroid timapitiriza kuuza tizilombo ta thyroid kuti "titulutse timadzi tomwe timatulutsa ...

2. Njira yachiwiri ndi kulumikizana pakati pa gland ya endocrine ndi chiwalo chomwe chikufunidwa: Mwachitsanzo, kapamba wanu amatulutsa mahomoni otchedwa insulin . Insulin iyi imapita ku minofu ndi chiwindi chanu, kuwathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa shuga wotchedwa glucose .

Umu ndi momwe mahomoni amagwirira ntchito mkati mwa matupi athu. Zili ngati netiweki yovuta, sichoncho?

Ndani amapanga mahomoni ofunikawa? Kodi amapangidwa kuti?

Malo akuluakulu m'thupi lathu omwe amapanga mahomoni ndi tiziwalo ta endocrine system . Tiyeni tiwone mwachangu zina mwa izo ndi ntchito zawo zazikulu:

Hypothalamus

Chiwalochi chili muubongo, ndipo chimayang'anira chiwalo cha pituitary ndikupanga mahomoni monga oxytocin (omwe amadziwikanso kuti hormone ya chikondi).

Pituitary Gland

'Chiwalo chachikulu' ichi chomwe chili pansi pa ubongo chimapanga mahomoni ambiri ofunikira, monga hormone yokulira (GH) , komanso chimayang'anira ma gland ena.

Pineal Gland

Homoni iyi muubongo imapanga melatonin ndipo imayang'anira nthawi yathu yogona ndi kudzuka.

Chithokomiro cha chithokomiro

Gland iyi yomwe ili pakhosi imapanga mahomoni a chithokomiro (T3, T4) ndipo imayang'anira kagayidwe ka thupi lathu, ndiko kuti, liwiro lomwe timagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Matenda a Parathyroid

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti, tomwe timapezeka kumbuyo kwa chithokomiro, timatulutsa hormone ya parathyroid (PTH) kuti tisunge calcium m'magazi komanso kuti mafupa akhale olimba.

Zilonda za Adrenal

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti, tomwe timapezeka pa impso, timatulutsa mahomoni monga cortisol ( hormone yomwe imayankha kupsinjika maganizo) ndi adrenaline (hormone yomwe imagwira ntchito pakagwa ngozi).

Pancreas

Gland iyi m'mimba imapanga insulini ndi glucagon komanso kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Mazira obereketsa

Ma gland awa mwa akazi amapanga mahomoni obereketsa monga estrogen ndi progesterone .

Machende (Machende)

Izi mwa amuna zimapanga mahomoni akuluakulu a amuna, testosterone .

Kuwonjezera pa ma glands amenewa, palinso malo ena omwe si a dongosolo la endocrine, koma omwe amapanga mahomoni:

• Minofu ya mafuta: Mafuta m'thupi amapanga mahomoni monga leptin , omwe amakhudza chilakolako cha chakudya.
• Impso: Zimapanga mahomoni monga erythropoietin, omwe amathandiza kupanga maselo ofiira a magazi. Vitamini D (yomwe kwenikweni ndi prohormone) imagwiranso ntchito pano.
• Chiwindi: Chimapanga insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), yomwe imagwirizana ndi kukula.
• M'mimba: Amapanga mahomoni monga ghrelin ndi glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) , omwe amayang'anira njala ndi chilakolako.
• Placenta: Imapanga mahomoni kuti apitirize kukhala ndi pakati panthawi ya mimba.

Taonani malo angati m'thupi mwathu omwe amapanga ndikutulutsa ma agenti otchedwa mahomoni! Tili ndi thanzi labwino chifukwa zinthu zonsezi zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana bwino.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati pali mavuto a mahomoni?

Ngati pali kusowa kapena kuchulukira kwa mahomoni ofunikirawa, ndiko kuti, ngati pali 'kusalinganika kwa mahomoni' , zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimatha kuwoneka ndipo mavuto azaumoyo angabuke. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala. Zina mwa matenda ofala kwambiri okhudzana ndi mahomoni ndi awa:

• Matenda a shuga: Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha vuto la ntchito kapena kupanga kwa insulin. Palinso mitundu monga matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 , matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1, ndi matenda a shuga a mimba .
• Matenda a chithokomiro: Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro ( hypothyroidism ) ndi kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a chithokomiro ( hyperthyroidism ).
• Kusakhazikika kwa msambo: Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda monga polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) , kusapezeka kwa msambo konse ( amenorrhea ), komanso kusowa kwa ovulation ( anovulation) .
• Kusabereka kwa akazi ndi kusabereka kwa amuna: makamaka kuchuluka kwa testosterone mwa amuna (Hypogonadism (Kusadziwa bwino za kugonana).
• Kunenepa kwambiri: Izi zingakhudzidwenso ndi kusalinganika kwa mahomoni.

Pali matenda ena ambiri ngati amenewa omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavuto a mahomoni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamala ndi chilichonse chachilendo kapena chosiyana ndi thupi lanu.

Nchifukwa chiyani kusalinganika kwa mahomoni kumeneku kumachitika?

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lililonse la mahomoni. Koma kawirikawiri, izi ndi zina mwa zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa kusalingana kwa mahomoni:

• Zotupa, adenomas, kapena zotupa zina: Nthawi zina izi zimatha kumera mkati kapena mozungulira tinthu ta endocrine ndipo zimakhudza kupanga mahomoni.
• Kuwonongeka kapena kuvulala kwa endocrine gland.
• Matenda a Autoimmune: Apa ndi pamene chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimaukira tiziwalo tathu ta endocrine.
• Kusintha kwa majini: Nthawi zina mavuto a mahomoni amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini komwe kumachitika munthu akangobadwa.

Kuonjezera apo, zinthu monga mankhwala ena, kupsinjika maganizo kwambiri, kusowa zakudya m'thupi, ndi ukalamba zingakhudzenso kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Ndani amachiza matenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la mahomoni, choyamba muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wa banja lanu (woyang'anira zaumoyo/dokotala wamkulu) . Iye akhoza kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda ambiri a mahomoni ndikukuthandizani kuwathetsa.

Komabe, nthawi zina mungapindule kwambiri mukapita kwa dokotala wa matenda a endocrinologist . Dokotala wa matenda a endocrinologist ndi dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino ndi matenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni (endocrinology) . Iye amatha kuzindikira matenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni awa, kupanga mapulani ochizira, ndikukupatsani mankhwala ngati pakufunika kutero. Chifukwa chake, ngati dokotala wa banja lanu akuwona kuti ndikofunikira, adzakutumizirani kwa dokotala wa matenda a endocrinologist.

Ndiye, kodi chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana lero ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, mahomoni ndi ofunikira pa moyo wathu. Matupi athu nthawi zambiri amayesetsa kusunga bwino mahomoni amenewa. Komabe, ngati pazifukwa zina mahomoniwo atsika kwambiri kapena akwera kwambiri, angayambitse mavuto azaumoyo .

Choncho, ngati muwona zizindikiro zachilendo kapena kusintha kulikonse m'thupi lanu, musanyalanyaze. Kaonaneni ndi dokotala ndipo mukambirane za izi. Kenako akhoza kuchita mayeso ofunikira kuti aone ngati muli ndi vuto la mahomoni, kapena ngati pali chifukwa china chomwe chikuchititsa zizindikirozi. Ngati mutazindikira msanga, mavuto ambiri amatha kuthetsedwa mosavuta. Ngati tikufuna kukhala athanzi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tidziwe za amithenga ang'onoang'ono awa, eti?

'Mahomoni, Dongosolo la Endocrine, Kusalingana kwa mahomoni, Matenda a shuga, Chithokomiro, Thanzi