Kodi mapapu anu nawonso amakhudzidwa ndi ziwengo? Tiyeni tikambirane za (Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)!

Kodi nthawi zina mumavutika kupuma, kapena kungokhala ndi chifuwa? Mwina mapapu anu amakhudzidwa ndi fumbi kapena nkhungu kuntchito kwanu kapena kunyumba kwanu. Umenewo ndi mtundu wa vuto lomwe tikambirane lero, lotchedwa "Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis". Musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mosavuta.

Kodi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` iyi ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ndi vuto la ziwengo ku timatumba tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya m'mapapu anu (omwe amatchedwanso alveoli). Monga momwe matupi athu nthawi zina amachitira ndi chinthu chomwe chimativulaza, mapapu athu amachitanso ndi zinthu zina. Zizindikirozi zimatha kubwera mwadzidzidzi (mwadzidzidzi) ndikutha msanga, kapena zimatha kukula pakapita nthawi ndikukhala zosatha .

Tsopano mukuganiza kuti, "O... kodi izi zili ngati vuto la nthata za fumbi kapena mungu?" Ayi ndithu. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ndi mtundu wosiyana wa chitetezo cha mthupi kuposa vuto lachibadwa. Mosiyana ndi vuto lachibadwa lomwe limayambitsa mphuno zotuluka madzi, maso oyabwa, ndi mphumu, iyi ndi vuto lomwe mobwerezabwereza kukhudzana ndi allergen kungayambitse kuwonongeka kosatha kwa mapapo. Chifukwa chake ichi ndi chinthu choyenera kusamala nacho.

Matenda a chibayo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a m'mapapo . Pakapita nthawi, izi zingayambitse ziphuphu m'mapapo.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a chibayo otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?

Ngakhale kuti vutoli lingayambire aliyense, anthu omwe amagwira ntchito zinazake ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zinthu zinazake zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Onani ngati muli pachiwopsezo:

• Anthu ogwira ntchito m'mafamu: ngati anthu osamalira ng'ombe ndi kulima ndiwo zamasamba. Nthawi zina chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi zinthu monga udzu ndi fumbi.
• Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ziweto: Madokotala a ziweto, anthu omwe amaweta ziweto monga mbalame, nkhuku, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha zinthu monga nthenga za mbalame ndi nthenga.
• Anthu ogwira ntchito m'malo omwe tirigu kapena ufa umaphwanyidwa kapena kupakidwa: m'malo ngati mipiringidzo ya mpunga m'dziko lathu.
• Anthu ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale odulira mitengo ndi kuswa matabwa.
• Anthu m'malo omwe amapanga mapepala ndi makoma.
• Ogwira ntchito zachitsulo.
• Anthu omwe amakumana ndi ndowe za mbalame ndi nthenga: Kugwiritsa ntchito mapilo ndi matiresi odzaza ndi nthenga kungakhalenso chifukwa cha izi.
• Anthu omwe amapuma zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo kuchokera ku makina oziziritsa mpweya osasamalidwa bwino, makina otenthetsera ndi oziziritsira mpweya, kapena ma hot tub.
• Kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zaka zapakati pa 50 ndi 70.

Tangoganizirani, m'nyumba zina, mbalame monga mbalame za parrot zimamanga zisa. Ngati zisa zimenezo sizikutsukidwa bwino, vutoli likhozanso kuchitika chifukwa chopuma fumbi ndi mungu womwe umatuluka m'zisazo.

Kodi Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ndi vuto lalikulu?

Inde, `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` ndi vuto lomwe nthawi zina lingakhale lalikulu . Chifukwa, ngati mumakhala ndi vuto la allergen nthawi zonse, kutupa m'mapapo kungayambitse kuwonongeka kosatha. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro.

Kodi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` iyi imakhudza bwanji thupi lathu?

Ngati muli ndi ``Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis'', thupi lanu limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono (timati izi ndi ``allergens'') zomwe mumapuma. Zinthuzi nthawi zambiri zimachokera kuntchito kwanu kapena kunyumba kwanu. Tinthuti ndi tating'ono kwambiri moti timatha kulowa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapu anu ndikuyambitsa kutupa kumeneko.

Mukayamba kuchitapo kanthu ndi allergen, chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimapanga mankhwala omwe amazindikira. Kenako, pamene mukukumana ndi allergen mobwerezabwereza, thupi lanu limakhala lolimba mtima ndipo limayamba kuchitapo kanthu mopitirira muyeso. Pakapita nthawi, izi zimawononga matumba a mpweya (alveoli) ndi njira zazing'ono zopumira zomwe zimalumikizana nazo. Ndicho chimene chimayambitsa zizindikiro monga kuvutika kupuma ndi kutsokomola.

Kodi zizindikiro za `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro izi zitha kukhala zowopsa kapena zosatha.

Zizindikiro za pachimake `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`:

Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mkati mwa maola ochepa kuchokera pamene munthu wakumana ndi vuto la allergen ndipo zimatha kukhala kwa maola angapo kapena masiku angapo.

• Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma movutikira)
• Chifuwa chouma
• Kulimba pachifuwa, kumva ngati kutsekeka
• Kuzizira
• Kutopa kwambiri
• Malungo
• Kupweteka kwa thupi, kupweteka kwa minofu

Ndimamva ngati ndili ndi malungo. Thupi langa mwadzidzidzi limandilemera.

Zizindikiro za matenda a chifuwa chachikulu (Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis):

Zizindikiro zimenezi zimawonekera pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono zikuwonjezeka pakapita nthawi.

• Kuvuta kupuma, makamaka mukatopa kapena mukamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi
• Chifuwa (mwina ndi phlegm)
• Kutopa
• Kuchepetsa thupi
• Kukulitsa nsonga za chala kapena zala (Kuluma) - Izi sizichitika kwa aliyense.

Kodi mumamva bwanji mukakhala ndi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Matenda a `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` acute angamveke ngati chimfine. Matenda a `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` osatha akhoza kukhala ovuta kuwazindikira chifukwa amayamba pang'onopang'ono. Mungazindikire kuti, "Zikuoneka kuti ndikuvutika kupuma tsopano kuposa kale," "Chifuwa changa ndi kutopa kwanga zikukulirakulira."

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a chibayo otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda a chibayo chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a chibayo ndi kupuma zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo m'mapapo. Pakapita nthawi, izi zitha kuwononga mapapo ndikupangitsa zizindikiro kukhala zoyipa kwambiri. Zinthu zoposa 300 zapezeka kuti zimayambitsa matenda a chibayo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mabakiteriya
• Nkhungu ndi bowa: Izi zimapezeka pamakoma akale, m'zimbudzi, ndi m'mayunitsi a AC omwe satsukidwa bwino.
• Mankhwala ndi zitsulo zina.
• Mapuloteni a nyama ndi zomera: Mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu nthenga za mbalame ndi ndowe za nyama.

Zitsanzo zina za `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`:

Palinso mayina osiyanasiyana a mitundu ya ``Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis'' yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mapapo a Mlimi: Amayambitsidwa ndi nkhungu zomwe zimapezeka mu zinthu monga udzu ndi tirigu.
• Mapapo a Bird Fancier: Amayambitsidwa ndi mapuloteni omwe amapezeka mu nthenga ndi nthenga za mbalame.
• Chotenthetsera Mpweya M'mapapo: Chimayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ndi bowa omwe amatulutsidwa kuchokera ku zotenthetsera mpweya zosayeretsedwa bwino komanso mayunitsi a AC.

Kodi COVID-19 imayambitsa matenda a chibayo otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?

Malinga ndi zomwe zapezeka pano, `(COVID-19)` si chifukwa chachindunji cha `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`. Komabe, `(COVID-19)` ingayambitse kutupa kwa mapapo, komwe nthawi zina kungawoneke ngati `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`. Palinso umboni wakuti ngati munthu amene ali kale ndi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` atadwala `(COVID-19)`, vutoli likhoza kukhala lalikulu kwambiri.

Kodi matenda a chibayo otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis amawapeza bwanji?

Dokotala adzakudziwitsani za matenda a chibayo pogwiritsa ntchito Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis potengera zizindikiro zanu, zambiri zokhudza ntchito yanu, malo omwe mumakhala, mayeso a thupi, ndi mayeso ena angapo. Dokotala adzakufunsani mafunso kuti amvetse zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo zomwe mukukumana nazo.

Dokotala adzamvetsera mapapu anu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope, adzayang'ana kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'mapapo anu pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chaching'ono (chotchedwa `pulse oximeter`) chomwe chimayikidwa pa chala chanu, ndipo angachitenso mayeso a ntchito ya mapapo, mayeso a magazi, kapena mayeso ojambula zithunzi.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Kuti atsimikizire vutoli, dokotala akhoza kuchita mayeso otsatirawa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi chifukwa cha ziwengo: Magazi ochepa amatengedwa kuchokera m'dzanja lanu kuti awone ngati thupi lanu lili ndi vuto la ziwengo zomwe zimayambitsa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. Izi nthawi zina zimatchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis panel.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Ma X-ray a pachifuwa ndi ma CT scan amajambula mapapu kuti awone ngati pali kuwonongeka kulikonse.
• Mayeso a ntchito ya m'mapapo: Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kupuma ndi kutulutsa mpweya kudzera mu chubu cholumikizidwa ndi makina. Amatha kuyeza momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito. Angaphatikizeponso mayeso a magazi ndi mayeso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Bronchoscopy: Mu mayesowa, chubu chaching'ono, chosinthasintha (chokhala ndi kamera) chimayikidwa kudzera mu mphuno kapena pakamwa kuti chiyang'ane mkati mwa mapapo. Ngati pakufunika, zitsanzo zitha kutengedwa kuti zikayesedwe.

Kodi matenda a chibayo otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Kuti muchiritse bwino matenda a chibayo otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndikupewa kwathunthu zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chibayo zomwe muli nazo.

Ngakhale mutamwa mankhwala, ngati mupitiliza kudwala matenda a allergen, matendawa sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu. Kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ``Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis`` yosatha nthawi zina kumatha kupitirira kukula, ngakhale mutapewa matenda a allergen.

Dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa m'mapapo mwanu, kutsegula njira zopumira, kapena kuwonjezera mpweya m'mapapo mwanu.

Kodi mankhwala/mankhwala otani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` ndi ati?

• Mankhwala a Corticosteroids kapena mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi: Izi zimachepetsa kutupa. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala monga prednisone, mycophenolate, kapena azathioprine angaperekedwe.
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa m'mapapo: Mwachitsanzo, pirfenidone ndi nintedanib. Mankhwalawa amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zipsera m'mapapo.
• Kubwezeretsa mpweya m'mapapo: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta.
• Chithandizo cha okosijeni: Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu la chibayo, mungafunike kupatsidwa mpweya wowonjezera kuti magazi ndi minofu yanu zipeze mpweya wokwanira. Izi zitha kuperekedwa kudzera mu chigoba chomwe chimayikidwa pankhope panu kapena chubu chomwe chimayikidwa pamphuno panu.
• Kusamutsa mapapo: Ngati matenda anu a chibayo (hypersensitivity pneumonitis) akupita patsogolo kukhala pulmonary fibrosis , mungafunike kusamutsa mapapo.

Kodi ndidzakhala bwino nthawi yayitali bwanji nditatha kulandira chithandizo?

Kutupa komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ``Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis'' kungatenge miyezi ingapo kuti mapapo achire. Zina mwa kuwonongeka kumeneku zingakhale kosatha.

Kodi Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Matenda a chibayo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuwachiza kwathunthu. Komabe, matenda a chibayo omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuwachiza (acute and subacute) (a short time) amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena popanda mankhwala ngati mutapewa kwathunthu zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa allergen.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda a `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` sikungatheke. Chifukwa chake, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikupewa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa m'mapapo. Ngati muyenera kukhala pamalo otere, mutha kuchita izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu:

• Ngati mumagwira ntchito yoopsa (yogwira ntchito zachitsulo, yogwira ntchito ndi mbalame kapena nyama zina, yogwira ntchito ndi matabwa, mapepala, tirigu, ndi zina zotero), valani zida zodzitetezera (PPE) mukamagwira ntchito. Makamaka gwiritsani ntchito chigoba chomwe chimasefa tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
• Sungani zinthu zotenthetsera madzi, mabafa otentha, makina otenthetsera ndi oziziritsira mpweya oyera komanso abwino.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mapilo ndi matiresi odzaza ndi nthenga.
• Sungani malo a ziweto zanu (makamaka malo osungira mbalame) aukhondo. Valani chophimba nkhope mukamatsuka.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati muli ndi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Zimene mungayembekezere zimadalira nthawi yomwe mwakhala ndi matenda a chibayo otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis komanso momwe alili oopsa.

• Matenda a "Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis" nthawi zambiri amatha mkati mwa masiku ochepa, pokhapokha ngati munthuyo wakumananso ndi vuto la allergen.
• Subacute ``Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis`` (yomwe imayamba chifukwa chokumana ndi allergen mobwerezabwereza) imatha kukhala kwa miyezi ingapo ndipo nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala.
• Matenda a chibayo nthawi zambiri sachira kwathunthu, koma zizindikiro zake zimatha kuthetsedwa ndi mankhwala.

Mavuto a `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`

Kupitiriza kukhala ndi vuto la allergen lomwe limayambitsa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis kungayambitse mavuto aakulu, kuphatikizapo:

• Zilonda m'mapapo (pulmonary fibrosis)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi pakati pa mtima ndi mapapo (pulmonary hypertension)

Kodi chiyembekezo cha matenda a `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` ndi chiyani?

Chiyembekezo cha matenda a chibayo osachiritsika chimadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapapo anu. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti ngati mapapo anu alibe zipsera, mutha kupita patsogolo kwambiri mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene mwapezeka ndi matendawa. Anthu omwe ali ndi zipsera m'mapapo awo ali pachiwopsezo chofa ndi matenda a chibayo osachiritsika mkati mwa zaka zingapo ngati sapatsidwa opaleshoni yoika mapapo. Izi zitha kumveka zoopsa, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)` amakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji?

Izi zimadaliranso kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka kwa mapapo. Kuika mapapo ena kungawonjezere nthawi imeneyi.

• Kwa munthu wopanda zipsera (wopanda fibrosis): Moyo woyembekezera wa zaka zoposa 15 pambuyo popezeka ndi matendawa.
• Kwa munthu amene ali ndi zipsera koma alibe vuto lina la m'mapapo (monga uchi):Patatha zaka pafupifupi 8 kuchokera pamene matendawa adapezeka.
• Kwa munthu amene wavulala kwambiri - zipsera ndi `kusoka uchi`: patatha zaka pafupifupi zitatu kuchokera pamene wapezeka ndi matendawa.

Musachite mantha ndi ziwerengerozi. Izi ndi zinthu zachilendo. Izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji ndi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, gwirani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti mupange dongosolo lochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa mapapo anu. Imwani mankhwala onse monga momwe mwalangizidwira. Funsani dokotala wanu za masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira omwe mungachite kunyumba kuti muwongolere ntchito ya mapapo anu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala za `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muli kale ndi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`, pitani kwa dokotala ngati mukuyamba zizindikiro zatsopano kapena ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

• Kodi n’chiyani chinandipangitsa kuti ndikhale ndi `(Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis)`?
• Kodi ndingapewe bwanji zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa allergen?
• Kodi mapapo anga awonongeka? Kodi ndi oipa bwanji?
• Kodi vutoli lingasinthe?
• Kodi ndiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito bwanji mankhwalawa?
• Kodi zinditengera nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ndichire?
• Ndiyenera kubweranso liti kudzakuonaninso?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda a chibayo otchedwa hypersensitivity pneumonitis ndi matenda omwe angayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mapapo mutakumana ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa allergen mobwerezabwereza. Komabe, ngati atazindikirika msanga, izi zitha kuyimitsidwa musanawonongedwenso. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za m'mapapo zomwe zikupitirira, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a chibayo otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis, lankhulani moona mtima ndi dokotala wanu za kuopsa kwa matenda anu. Izi zikuthandizani kupanga dongosolo la zomwe mungayembekezere komanso momwe mungakulitsire kupuma kwanu komanso moyo wanu wabwino. Musadandaule, vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso kusintha moyo wanu.

Kusamva bwino kwa matenda a chibayo, chifuwa chachikulu, matenda a m'mapapo, matenda opuma, chifuwa chachikulu, kupuma movutikira, zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chibayo.