Tiyeni tiphunzire za hypoxemia - kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati mukupuma movutikira? Kapena ngati chifuwa chanu chathina pang'ono? Chifukwa chimodzi cha izi chingakhale kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi mwanu. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha kuti hypoxemia. Ngakhale kuti vutoli likhoza kukhala vuto lalikulu, lingathe kuthetsedwa bwino ngati mukulimvetsa bwino ndikuchita zinthu zofunika. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane lero, sichoncho?

Kodi Hypoxemia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi ndi pamene magazi athu ali ndi mpweya wochepa kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira. Taganizirani izi motere: matupi athu ali ngati galimoto. Monga momwe galimoto imafunikira mafuta kuti iziyenda, chiwalo chilichonse ndi selo lililonse m'thupi lathu zimafunikira mpweya kuti zigwire ntchito bwino.

Mpweya umenewu umalowa m'magazi mwathu kudzera m'mapapo tikamapuma. Tikamapuma, mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga umalowa m'mapapo mwathu. M'mapapo muli timatumba tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya, ngati mphesa zazing'ono pa mpesa. Timatcha izi `(Alveoli)` . Kuzungulira `(Alveoli)` kumeneku kuli njira zambiri zabwino zamagazi `(Capillaries) . Tikamapuma, mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga womwe umalowa umalowa mu `(Alveoli)` izi kudzera m'njira zabwino zamagazi. Kenako mpweya uwu umayenda ndi magazi m'thupi lonse ndikufikira minofu yathu.

Kotero, ngati pali vuto kwinakwake mu ndondomekoyi, ndiko kuti, ngati mpweya wokwanira m'mapapo omwe timapuma, kapena ngati mapapo sangathe kuyamwa mpweya m'magazi moyenera, ndiye kuti mpweya m'magazi umachepa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti hypoxemia imachitika.

Kuchepa kwa mpweya m'thupi (hypoxemia) kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, kutengera kuopsa kwake komanso nthawi yake . Nthawi zina kungayambitse zizindikiro zochepa monga mutu ndi kupuma movutikira. Koma nthawi zina, kumatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a mtima ndi ubongo, kuyambitsa vuto lotchedwa "Hypoxia", pomwe ziwalo ndi minofu ya thupi imasowa mpweya, ndipo imatha kubweretsa imfa.

Izi zikachitika kwakanthawi kochepa, timazitcha "kulephera kupuma movutikira," ndipo ngati ndi vuto lomwe limapitirira kwa miyezi kapena zaka, timazitcha "kulephera kupuma movutikira."

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa Hypoxemia ndi Hypoxia ndi kotani?

Mwina munamvapo mawu akuti hypoxemia ndi hypoxia. Ngakhale kuti amamveka chimodzimodzi, pali kusiyana pang'ono.

• Hypoxemia ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi.
• Hypoxia ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya wokwanira womwe umafika m'thupi lathu.

Hypoxia nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha vuto lotchedwa hypoxemia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti magazi akakhala ndi mpweya wochepa, minofu imakhalanso ndi mpweya wochepa. Koma sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, minofu imatha kukhala ndi mpweya wochepa ngakhale magazi ali ndi mpweya wabwinobwino, kapena minofu imatha kukhala ndi mpweya wochepa ngakhale magazi ali ndi mpweya wochepa. N'zovuta pang'ono, koma mfundo yaikulu ndi yakuti zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi mpweya wochepa.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza hypoxemia?

Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa hypoxemia, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga vutoli.

• Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo, mwachitsanzo, mphumu, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), ndi chibayo.
• Izi zingakhudzenso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima . Chifukwa mtima ndi umene umapopa magazi okhala ndi mpweya wambiri m'thupi lonse. Choncho ngati pali vuto lililonse ndi momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito, zimakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi.
• Kuphatikiza apo, matenda ena opatsirana monga chimfine, chibayo, ndi COVID-19 angapangitsenso kuti munthu asamakhale ndi vuto la hypoxemia.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zomwe timaziona mu mkhalidwe uwu wa hypoxemia. Zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyana kutengera kuopsa kwa matendawa, kutanthauza kuti, mpweya wochepa bwanji, komanso chomwe chimayambitsa.

• Mutu: Kupweteka mutu pafupipafupi.
• Kupuma movutikira: Kumva kuvutika kupuma, kupsinjika pachifuwa, komanso kupuma movutikira.
• Tachycardia: Kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro la kugunda kwa mtima.
• Chifuwa: Chifuwa chosatha.
• Kupuma movutikira: Phokoso la mluzu lochokera pachifuwa popuma.
• Kusokonezeka: Kumva chizungulire komanso kusadziwa choti achite.
• Khungu labuluu, misomali, ndi milomo (Cyanosis): Ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa kwambiri. Thupi likapanda kulandira mpweya wokwanira, nthawi zina khungu, misomali, ndi milomo zimatha kusanduka buluu.

Kodi zifukwa zazikulu za hypoxemia ndi ziti?

Kuchepa kwa mpweya m'thupi (hypoxemia) kumatha kukhala ndi zifukwa zambiri. Koma nthawi zambiri, chifukwa chachikulu chimakhala matenda enaake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda a mtima kapena mapapo omwe amakhudza kupuma kapena kuyenda kwa magazi nthawi zambiri ndi omwe amachititsa. Mankhwala ena angayambitsenso kuchepa kwa mpweya m'thupi mwa kuchepetsa kupuma.

Mwina munamvapo za vuto lotchedwa `(Sleep Apnea)`. Ndi vuto lomwe kupuma kumasiya pang'onopang'ono panthawi yogona. Muzochitika zotere, kapena mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ofatsa a m'mapapo, mpweya m'magazi ukhoza kuchepa usiku. Izi zimatchedwa `(Nocturnal Hypoxemia)`.

Chinanso n'chakuti kuchepa kwa mpweya m'thupi (hypoxemia) kungachitikenso mukamayenda m'malo okwera kwambiri . Tangoganizirani kuti mukapita kudera lalitali lamapiri ngati Nuwara Eliya, ndichifukwa chake anthu ena amamva ngati akuvutika kupuma. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga umachepa pamene malo okwerawo akukwera.

Zifukwa zina zingapo...

Zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse hypoxemia ndi izi:

• Matenda Ovuta Kwambiri Okhudza Kupuma (ARDS)
• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi - izi zikutanthauza kusowa kwa magazi
• Mphumu
• Matenda a m'mphuno
• Matenda Osatha a M'mapapo Oletsa Kutsekeka (COPD)
• Matenda a mtima obadwa nawo - matenda a mtima omwe amapezeka pobadwa
• Kulephera kwa mtima kotsekeka
• Emphysema - kuwonongeka kwa matumba a mpweya m'mapapo
• Chibayo
• Mpweya wozungulira mapapo kapena kugwa kwa mapapo (Pneumothorax)
• Kutupa kwa m'mapapo
• Kutsekeka kwa m'mapapo
• Kutupa kwa mapapo (Pulmonary fibrosis)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo

Magulu 5 akuluakulu a zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa hypoxemia

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone njira zazikulu 5 zomwe zimathandizira kuti munthu asakhale ndi vuto la hypoxemia. Izi ndi zachipatala pang'ono, koma tiyeni tiyese kuzimvetsa mosavuta.

1. Kusagwirizana kwa Mpweya ndi Kutuluka kwa Magazi (V/Q): Taganizirani izi, kuti magazi alandire mpweya, mapapo amafunika mpweya wokwanira (izi zimatchedwa mpweya wokwanira), ndipo kuti anyamule mpweya umenewo, mapapo amafunika magazi okwanira (izi zimatchedwa mpweya wokwanira). Ngati pali vuto ndi chimodzi mwa ziwirizi, mwachitsanzo, ngati mapapo alandira mpweya wokwanira koma magazi osakwanira, kapena ngati magazi alandira mpweya wokwanira koma mpweya wosakwanira, ndiye kuti mpweya sulowa m'magazi moyenera. Izi zimatchedwa `(V/Q) kusafanana`. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a mtima kapena matenda a mapapo.

2. Kulephera kwa kufalikira kwa magazi: Nthawi zina mapapo amapeza mpweya ndi magazi okwanira, koma zimakhala zovuta kuti mpweya m'mapapo ulowe m'mitsempha yamagazi. Monga momwe ma pores a fyuluta amatsekekera, madzi sangathe kudutsa. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda monga emphysema kapena zipsera m'mapapo.

3. Kupuma pang'onopang'ono: Izi zimachitika pamene timapuma mozama kwambiri kapena pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mpweya wochepa umafika m'mapapo. Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda ambiri a m'mapapo ndi matenda ena a muubongo.

4.Mpweya wochepa m'chilengedwe: Ngati mpweya m'chilengedwe mwathu uli ndi mpweya wochepa, ngakhale titapuma motani, thupi lathu silidzalandira mpweya womwe limafunikira. Monga ndanenera kale, mpweya m'mapiri ataliatali uli ndi mpweya wochepa.

5. Kusuntha kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere: Kawirikawiri, magazi osauka (osauka) m'thupi lathu amapita kumbali yakumanja ya mtima, kuchokera pamenepo amapita ku mapapo kukatenga mpweya (kuyeretsa), kenako amabwerera kumbali yakumanzere ya mtima ndipo amapopedwa m'thupi lonse. Komabe, mwa anthu ena, magazi osauka mpweya amatha kupita mwachindunji kuchokera kumbali yakumanja ya mtima kupita kumanzere kwa thupi m'malo mopita ku mapapo. Kenako, magazi osauka mpweya amapita m'thupi lonse. Izi zimatchedwa kusuntha kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika zina mumtima.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe dokotala amapezera matenda a hypoxemia. Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, choyamba adzamvetsera mtima ndi mapapo anu. Chifukwa zolakwika zilizonse m'ziwalo izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha mpweya wochepa m'magazi. Adzafufuzanso ngati khungu lanu, milomo, ndi zikhadabo zanu zili zabuluu.

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuchita mayeso otsatirawa kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'thupi lanu:

• Kuyeza kwa pulse oximetry: Mwina mwaonapo izi. Ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chimakokera chala chanu ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi anu. Sichipweteka ndipo sichifuna magazi. Madokotala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pofufuza nthawi zonse.
• Kuyesa mpweya wa m'magazi: Iyi ndi njira yoyezera molondola kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi mwa kutenga magazi pang'ono kuchokera pamalo monga pachikhatho, pamphuno pa mkono, kapena m'chifuwa.
• Mayeso oyenda kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi (6MWT): Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyenda pamalo athyathyathya kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuyeza momwe mpweya wanu umasinthira komanso momwe mungayendere mtunda. Izi zingakupatseni lingaliro la momwe mapapo ndi mtima wanu zikugwira ntchito.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Pochiza hypoxemia, chithandizocho chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mpweya wowonjezera kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi mwanu. Izi zitha kuperekedwa kudzera m'matanki a mpweya kapena makina otchedwa oxygen concentrators. Anthu ena angafunike mpweya nthawi zonse, pomwe ena angafunike kokha akatopa. Zimadalira kuopsa kwa vutoli.

Mu matenda oopsa a hypoxemia, monga acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), makina otchedwa ventilator angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti akuthandizeni kupuma.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mankhwala opumira mpweya kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo monga COPD, ndiko kuti, mankhwala opumira omwe ali ndi `(Bronchodilators)` (bronchodilators) kapena `(Steroids)` angaperekedwe.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya madzi m'mapapo angaperekedwe kuti achotse madzi ochulukirapo m'mapapo.
• Mungapemphedwe kugwiritsa ntchito chigoba cha CPAP (Continuous Positive Airways Pressure) pochiza matenda a kupuma movutikira.
• Ngati pali chiopsezo chopitirizabe kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, mpweya wowonjezera ungaperekedwe. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zoperekera mpweya. Mpweya ungaperekedwe kudzera mu chigoba chopumira, chubu chaching'ono chomwe chimayikidwa m'mphuno (cannula). Izi zingaperekedwe kunyumba, mumakina ang'onoang'ono omwe mungatenge nawo mukamayenda, kapena kuchipatala.

Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi zizindikiro?

Ngati mwadzidzidzi mwasokonezeka, mukuvutika kupuma, mukugunda mofulumira, kapena mukuona kuti misomali yanu, milomo, kapena khungu lanu lasanduka labuluu, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Ngati muli ndi chipangizo choyezera kugunda kwa mtima kunyumba, mutha kuchigwiritsanso ntchito kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'thupi lanu. Hypoxemia iyenera kuchiritsidwa mwachangu kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo pazochitika zazikulu.

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake, monga COPD ndi Sleep Apnea, amatha kukhala ndi hypoxemia nthawi zonse kapena nthawi zina, koma sangakumane ndi zizindikiro zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za momwe mungathanirane ndi vutoli, kuchepetsa zizindikiro, komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mpweya wochepa.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Pamene mpweya m'magazi uchepa, ziwalo ndi minofu yathu sizilandira mpweya wochuluka womwe imafunika kuti igwire ntchito. Monga tafotokozera kale, izi zimatchedwa `(Hypoxia).` Ngati vutoli lipitirira, mwachitsanzo, `(Sleep Apnea)` zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uchepe usiku (`Nocturnal hypoxemia`), mtima wathu ndi ubongo wathu zitha kuwonongeka. Kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi mwadzidzidzi komanso kwakukulu kungakhale koopsa.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo?

Njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chanu cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndikuyang'anira bwino matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda anu. Ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo kapena a mtima, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zina zochepetsera chiopsezo chanu.

Ngakhale kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a mtima kapena mapapo, chiopsezo cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (hypoxemia) chikhoza kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha mankhwala enaake kapena poyenda m'malo okwera. Chifukwa chake, funsani dokotala wanu za mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa komanso njira zina zapadera zomwe muyenera kutsatira poyenda. Mukayenda m'malo okwera, patsani thupi lanu nthawi yokwanira kuti lizolowere.

Kodi mungachite chiyani kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa okosijeni m'thupi?

Njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira mpweya m'magazi mwanu kukhala wotetezeka komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hypoxemia ndikuyang'anira bwino matenda anu.

• Musaiwale za zizindikiro zatsopano.Ngati mukumva chinthu chachilendo, chisamalireni. Pitani kwa dokotala kapena pitani ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa.
• Ngati dokotala wanu wakupatsani mpweya wabwino, mugwiritseni ntchito moyenera.
• Samalirani thanzi la mapapo anu (`Ukhondo wa m'mapapo`). Ngati muli ndi `COPD` kapena mphumu, dziwani zomwe zimayambitsa matenda anu. Nthawi zonse sungani ``chopumira chanu chopulumutsa``. Gwiritsani ntchito ``spirometer yolimbikitsira``, chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira, ndikutsatira malangizo ena okhudza thanzi la mapapo omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani.
• Ngati mukusuta fodya, siyani. Kusiya kusuta fodya kumathandiza kuti mapapo anu azigwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mapapo anu azilandira mpweya wambiri. Zimathandizanso kuti mapapo anu asamawonongeke kwambiri.
• Imwani mankhwalawo monga momwe dokotala wanenera.
• Konzani dongosolo mukamapita kumadera okwera. Ngakhale kwa anthu omwe alibe matenda a mtima kapena mapapo, zimakhala zovuta kupuma m'madera okwera. Ganizirani pasadakhale momwe zingakukhudzireni komanso momwe mungazolowere kusinthako. Konzaninso pasadakhale zomwe mungachite ngati mukufuna thandizo lachipatala mwadzidzidzi. Tengani nthawi yokwanira kuti muzolowere ngati pakufunika kutero, ndipo bweretsani zida kapena mankhwala ena owonjezera omwe mungafune.

Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwachangu?

Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (hypoxemia) ndi vuto lomwe lingayambitse imfa. Zikatero , muyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo:

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi (hypoxemia), kapena ngati ena awona kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa khalidwe lanu kapena chikumbumtima chanu (kusakhazikika, chisokonezo, kusintha kwa chikumbumtima).
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la matenda lomwe likukupitirirani, ndipo zizindikiro zanu zachizolowezi zikuipiraipira mwadzidzidzi, kapena ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zatsopano zomwe mukuganiza kuti mwina zimachokera ku hypoxemia.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Ngati dokotala wanu akukuuzani inu kapena wokondedwa wanu kuti muli ndi hypoxemia, mutha kuwafunsa mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kumeneku kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita bwanji kuti ndichepetse chiopsezo cha hypoxemia?
• Kodi izi zayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo kapena mavuto ena?
• Ndi kusintha kotani kwa moyo komwe kungachepetse chiopsezo cha hypoxemia?
• Kodi kusintha mapulani anga oyendera kapena kusintha mankhwala anga kungawonjezere chiopsezo changa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi?

Mwachidule (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Mwachidule, kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi ndi vuto lomwe mpweya m'magazi umachepa. Izi nthawi zina zimatha kupha munthu. Komabe, zimatha kuchiritsidwa bwino ngati mupita kuchipatala mwachangu.Nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi vuto la "Sleep Apnea", mpweya wanu umachepa usiku ngakhale popanda zizindikiro zazikulu. Ngati izi zipitirira, zingawononge mtima wanu.

Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa za chiopsezo chanu komanso zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Hypoxemia , kusowa kwa mpweya, kupuma movutikira, matenda a m'mapapo, matenda a mtima, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, cyanosis