Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mawere: Limbanani ndi khansa ndi mphamvu ya thupi lanu

Tikamaganiza za chithandizo cha khansa, nthawi yomweyo timaganiza za chithandizo monga chemotherapy ndi radiotherapy, sichoncho? Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti kuwonjezera pa izi, pali njira yatsopano komanso yapamwamba yochiritsira yomwe ingagwiritse ntchito chitetezo cha thupi lathu polimbana ndi maselo a khansa? Ndicho chimene timachitcha immunotherapy.

Mwachidule, kodi chithandizo cha immunotherapy n'chiyani?

Chithandizo cha immunotherapy ndi chithandizo chomwe chimalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu , kapena 'kuchidzutsa', kuti chithandize kuzindikira, kuukira, ndikuwononga maselo a khansa ya m'mawere. Zili ngati kuphunzitsa asilikali anu odziteteza kuti apeze ndikuwononga adani obisika (maselo a khansa).

Pakadali pano, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwalawa pa khansa ya m'mawere yopanda matenda atatu, mtundu womwe ndi wovuta kuchiza. Umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa khansa ya m'mawere yomwe yafalikira kwambiri . Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku akupitilirabe pa ubwino wa chithandizo cha immunotherapy pa mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mawere, monga HER2-positive ndi ER-positive.

Kodi chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi lathu?

Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tangoganizani kuti chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chili ngati apolisi m'dziko lathu. Ntchito ya apolisi ndi kuzindikira ndikugwira anthu oipa ndi akuba. Maselo athanzi ndi maselo a khansa m'thupi lathu ali ndi mapuloteni apadera pamwamba pawo. Timatcha ma antigen awa.

Koma maselo a khansa ndi akuba achinyengo kwambiri. Maselo ena a khansa, mwa kusintha mapuloteni pamwamba pawo, amadzibisa okha ndikuwonetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, apolisi, "Sindine woipa, ndine m'modzi mwa inu." Kenako apolisi sangazindikire wakuba uyu. Chithandizo cha immunotherapy chilipo kuti chilepheretse ntchito yachinyengo iyi.

Chithandizochi chingagwire ntchito m'njira ziwiri zazikulu:

• Active Immunotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa chitetezo chanu chamthupi 'maphunziro' apadera. Chitetezo chamthupi chimaphunzitsidwa kuzindikira zizindikiro zinazake (antigens) zomwe zimapezeka pa maselo a khansa okha ndikuwaukira okha.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa kwa Thupi (Passive Immunotherapies): Izi zimaphatikizapo kubaya mankhwala apadera opangidwa mu labu m'thupi. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito ngati 'apadera' omwe amathandiza chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Mankhwalawa amapita mwachindunji ku maselo a khansa ndipo amawatsegula ndikuwawonetsa.

Ndi mitundu iti ya mankhwala ochizira matenda a m'thupi omwe amaperekedwa pa khansa ya m'mawere?

Pakadali pano pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mankhwala ochizira matenda a m'thupi omwe amavomerezedwa kuchiza khansa ya m'mawere padziko lonse lapansi.

1. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®): Iyi ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Amaperekedwa makamaka kwa khansa ya m'mawere yopanda ma triple-negative. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa puloteni yapadera yomwe maselo a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito kuti adzibise. Izi zimathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizindikire mosavuta ndikuukira maselo a khansa. Nthawi zina mankhwalawa amaperekedwa opaleshoni isanachitike komanso itatha kuti khansa isabwererenso.

2. Dostarlimab (Jemperli®): Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa odwala omwe khansa yawo yafalikira pambuyo pa chithandizo china ndipo ali ndi chizindikiro chapadera cha majini (chotupa) m'maselo awo a khansa.

Kodi chithandizochi chimaperekedwa bwanji ndipo chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Mankhwala ochizira matenda a immunotherapy amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, monga madzi amchere, otchedwa jakisoni wa m'mitsempha (IV) . Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa milungu itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Kutengera ndi matenda anu, chithandizochi chingatenge miyezi ingapo mpaka zaka ziwiri. Dokotala wanu adzasankha nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.

Kodi chithandizo cha immunotherapy chimayenda bwino bwanji?

Chithandizochi chikadali chatsopano. Komabe, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti, makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere yokhala ndi triple-negative, chithandizo cha immunotherapy pamodzi ndi chemotherapy chingathandize kuti munthu apulumuke kuposa chemotherapy yokha. Izi ndi zabwino kwambiri.

Pakadali pano pali mayesero ambirimbiri azachipatala omwe akuchitika padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikuyang'ana ngati chithandizo cha immunotherapy chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mawere, komanso ngati mankhwala omwe alipo kale angawongoleredwe. Chifukwa chake, chithandizochi chingakhale chida chofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi khansa mtsogolo.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake zingakhale zotani?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi chithandizo chilichonse, chithandizo cha immunotherapy chingayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa. Komabe, izi sizikhudza aliyense mofanana. Anthu ena angakumane ndi kusasangalala pang'ono, pomwe ena sangakumane ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa. Musanayambe chithandizo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo zake zomwe zingachitike ndikuzidziwa.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo . Ngati zotsatirapo zazing'ono sizikusintha pakatha masiku ochepa kapena kukhala zazikulu, uzani dokotala wanu. Ndikofunikira kulabadira kusintha kulikonse m'thupi lanu panthawi ya chithandizo ndikukambirana ndi dokotala wanu za izo.