Mwina ndinu munthu wodwala matenda a shuga, kapena mwina muli ndi wachibale kapena mnzanu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga. Mwina mwawaonapo anthu otere akugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti insulin ndi mankhwala chabe a matenda a shuga. Koma kwenikweni, insulin ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangidwa m'thupi mwathu ndipo ndi chofunikira kwambiri kwa ife. Choncho lero, tiyeni tidziwe bwino lomwe kuti insulin ndi chiyani, imagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi, komanso ubale wake ndi matenda a shuga.
Kodi insulin kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, insulin ndi hormone yomwe imapangidwa mwachibadwa m'thupi lathu. Imapangidwa ndi chiwalo chotchedwa kapamba wathu. Kunena zoona, imapangidwa ndi mtundu wapadera wa selo lotchedwa 'maselo a beta' mu kapamba. Homoni iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pa miyoyo yathu. Chifukwa ndi insulin iyi yomwe imathandiza maselo kusintha shuga, kapena shuga, yomwe timapeza kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya kukhala mphamvu.
Taganizirani izi motere. Matupi athu amapeza shuga (shuga) kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe timadya, monga mpunga, buledi, ndi mbatata. Shuga uyu ndiye gwero lalikulu la mphamvu kuti maselo a thupi lathu agwire ntchito. Ali ngati mafuta a galimoto. Shuga uyu akangolowa m'magazi, amafunika kulowa m'maselo kuti apange mphamvu. Koma zitseko za maselo zimatsekedwa. Insulin ndiye kiyi yomwe imatsegula zitseko zimenezo.
Insulin ikawonjezedwa m'magazi, imapita ndikutumiza chizindikiro ku maselo, ndikunena kuti, "Tsegulani chitseko tsopano, shuga akubwera." Kenako shuga amalowa m'maselo ndikupanga mphamvu.
Tangoganizirani, chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati kapamba wanu sapanga insulin yokwanira, kapena ngati maselo anu sayankha bwino insulin yomwe amapanga (tikuitcha kuti insulin resistance)? Shuga m'magazi sangalowe m'maselo. Kenako shuga m'magazi amakwera kwambiri. Timatcha vutoli hyperglycemia , kapena kungoti "shuga wambiri." Ngati vutoli lipitirira, matenda a shuga amayamba.
Kodi insulin imachepetsa kapena imawonjezera shuga m'magazi?
Vutoli ndi lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Insulin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatenga shuga woyandama m'magazi ndikuwuyika m'maselo, zomwe zili ngati kuyeretsa magazi.
Matupi athu ali ndi dongosolo labwino kwambiri lomwe limalamulira izi. Ngakhale kuti insulin imachepetsa shuga m'magazi, palinso mahomoni ena otchedwa glucagon omwe amawonjezera shuga m'magazi akafunika. Awiriwa amagwira ntchito ngati mbali ziwiri za sikelo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga m'magazi mwathu azikhala mkati mwa mulingo winawake.
Komabe, munthu wodwala matenda a shuga akalandira insulin kuchokera kunja monga jakisoni, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwa insulin komwe amamwa kumatha kukhala kochulukirapo kuposa kuchuluka komwe kumafunika. Ngati izi zitachitika, shuga m'magazi amatsika kwambiri. Timatcha izi hypoglycemia . Izi ndi zoopsanso. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudya chinthu chokhala ndi shuga (switi, supuni imodzi ya shuga) mwachangu kuti mubwezeretse shuga. Ngati shuga watsika kwambiri, ndi vuto ladzidzidzi. Palinso jakisoni wa glucagon womwe ungaperekedwe nthawi ngati zimenezi. Mutha kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ndikuphunzira zambiri za izi.
Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amayambitsidwa ndi insulin?
Matenda osiyanasiyana amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin m'thupi, kapena kulephera kwa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito insulin moyenera, kapena kuchuluka kwa insulin m'thupi.
Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin kapena kuchepa kwa ntchito ya insulin
Gulu ili limaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a shuga.
- Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1: Uwu ndi matenda omwe amayambitsa chitetezo chamthupi. Mwachidule, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimaukira ndikuwononga maselo a beta omwe amapanga insulin mu kapamba molakwika. Pakapita nthawi, thupi silingathe kupanga insulin. Anthuwa ayenera kutenga insulin kuchokera kuzinthu zina kuti akhale ndi moyo.
- Matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 3c: Izi zimachitika pamene kupanga insulin kumachepa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kapamba. Mwachitsanzo, kutupa kwa kapamba kwa nthawi yayitali (Chronic Pancreatitis), cystic fibrosis (Cystic Fibrosis), kapena kuchotsa kapamba opaleshoni (Pancreatectomy) kungayambitse vutoli.
- Matenda a shuga odziteteza okha mwa akuluakulu (LADA): Izi zikufanana ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, koma zizindikiro zake zimawonekera mochedwa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 30.
Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kukana insulini
Chomwe chimachitika pamenepa n’chakuti thupi limapanga insulin, koma maselo m’thupi (makamaka minofu, mafuta, ndi chiwindi) sayankha insulinyo moyenera. Zili ngati kuyesa kutsegula chitseko ndi kiyi wozizira.
- Matenda a shuga asanafike: Ili ndi vuto lomwe shuga m'magazi amakhala okwera kuposa masiku onse, koma osakwera mokwanira kuti munthu azindikire kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kukana insulin. Kusintha kwa moyo kungathandize kupewa matenda a shuga.
- Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri: Uwu ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga wofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kukana kwa insulin kumawonjezeka mpaka kapamba sangathe kupanga insulin yokwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti shuga m'magazi akhale wambiri.
- Matenda a shuga a mimba: Matendawa amakula mwa akazi ena panthawi ya mimba. Amakhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha mahomoni omwe amatulutsidwa ndi placenta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti insulin isagwire ntchito. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatha mwana akabadwa.
Kupanga insulini mopitirira muyeso
Imeneyi ndi vuto losowa kwambiri. Insulinoma ndi chotupa chomwe chimayamba mu kapamba. Izi zimapangitsa kapamba kupanga insulin yambiri ngati sikofunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti shuga m'magazi akhale ochepa kwambiri (hypoglycemia). Komabe, zotupazi zimatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu pochotsa opaleshoni.
Ndi mitundu iti ya insulin yomwe imaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga?
Pali mitundu yambiri ya insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a shuga. Imagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi momwe imagwirira ntchito mwachangu komanso nthawi yomwe imakhalapo m'thupi. Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga, dokotala wanu adzasankha mtundu ndi mlingo womwe ungakhale wabwino kwa inu.
Nazi mitundu ikuluikulu.
| Mtundu wa insulin | Nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito | Nthawi m'thupi |
|---|---|---|
| Kuchita zinthu mwachangu | Pakati pa mphindi 5 - 20 | Pakati pa maola 3 mpaka 5. Nthawi zambiri amatengedwa musanadye. |
| Yogwira ntchito mwachidule/Yokhazikika | Pakati pa mphindi 30 - 45 | Pakati pa maola 5 mpaka 8. |
| Kuchita zinthu zapakati | Pafupifupi maola awiri | Pakati pa maola 14 mpaka 24. |
| Yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali | Pafupifupi ola limodzi | Kufikira maola 24. Zimathandiza kusunga maziko tsiku lonse. |
| Yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali kwambiri | Pafupifupi maola 6 | Mpaka maola 48 (masiku awiri). |
Zina mwa izi zimabwera ndi insulin yosakanikirana kale. Zonsezi zimapangidwa ndi dokotala wanu malinga ndi zosowa za thupi lanu.
Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse zoyipa za jakisoni wa insulin?
Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, insulin ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina, koma nthawi zambiri izi zimatha kuthetsedwa.
- Shuga wochepa m'magazi (Hypoglycemia): Ili ndiye vuto lofala kwambiri. Izi zimachitika ngati mutenga insulin yochulukirapo kuposa momwe thupi lanu limafunira. Zingayambitse thukuta, kugwedezeka, njala yambiri, kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, komanso kutaya chikumbumtima.
- Kusintha kwa khungu pamalo obayira jakisoni: Ngati mupitiliza kubaya insulin pamalo omwewo, mafuta amatha kusonkhana pansi pa khungu ndikupanga ziphuphu. Kapena mafuta amatha kusungunuka ndikupanga ma dimples pakhungu. Izi zimatchedwa localized lipodystrophy . Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusinthasintha malo obayira jakisoni.
- Matenda a ziwengo: Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi ziwengo ku mitundu ina ya insulin. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga kufiira, kuyabwa, ndi kutupa pamalo omwe jakisoni amaperekedwa.
Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola. Musayese kusintha mlingo malinga ndi momwe mukufunira.
Kodi malo abwino kwambiri operekera insulin ndi ati?
Kawirikawiri, malo abwino kwambiri operekera insulin ndi malo omwe ali ndi minofu yamafuta.
- Malo am'mimba (pafupifupi mainchesi awiri kuchokera pa mchombo)
- Kutsogolo kapena mbali za ntchafu
- Kumbuyo kwa mkono wapamwamba
- Gawo lapamwamba la matako
Chofunika kwambiri ndikusintha malo osapitiliza kukanda malo omwewo. Ngati mwakanda mbali yakumanzere ya mimba yanu m'mawa uno, kanda mbali yakumanja usiku. Sinthani kupita ku ntchafu zanu mawa. Kuchita izi kungathandize kwambiri kupewa mavuto a pakhungu omwe atchulidwa kale.
Kodi mungakhale nthawi yayitali bwanji popanda insulin?
Iyi ndi nkhani yaikulu kwambiri.Munthu wodwala matenda a shuga amene amadalira insulin (makamaka munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba) sangathe kukhala popanda insulin.
Popanda insulin, shuga m'magazi amakwera mosalamulirika. Popeza sitingagwiritse ntchito shuga kuti tipeze mphamvu, maselo a thupi amayamba kuwotcha mafuta kuti tipeze mphamvu. Njira imeneyi imapanga chinthu china chotchedwa "ketones." Ma ketone amenewa amasonkhana m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale ndi asidi. Izi zimatchedwa Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) .
DKA ndi matenda oopsa mwadzidzidzi komanso oopsa. Amatha kuchitika mkati mwa maola 24 okha. Amatha kuchitika mwachangu kwambiri ngati mukusanza. Zizindikiro zake ndi monga ludzu lochuluka, kukodza pafupipafupi, kupweteka m'mimba, kusanza, kupuma movutikira, komanso fungo la zipatso. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro izi , muyenera kupita kuchipatala mwamsanga . Ngati simulandira chithandizo, imfa ingachitike.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito insulin, samalani kwambiri kuti mubwezeretse insulin yanu isanathe.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Insulin si mankhwala a matenda ashuga okha, ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi matupi athu ndipo ndi ofunikira pa moyo.
- Ntchito yaikulu ya insulin ndi kuthandiza kusuntha shuga (shuga) kuchokera m'magazi kupita ku maselo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mphamvu. Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
- Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda a shuga. Ena amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa insulin, pomwe ena amayamba chifukwa chakuti thupi siliyankha insulin (insulin resistance).
- Pali mitundu yambiri ya insulin yomwe imaperekedwa kunja kwa thupi. Dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angadziwe mtundu ndi mlingo woyenera kwa inu.
- Mukabaya insulin, sinthani malo omwe ali m'malo mobaya jakisoni pamalo omwewo. Izi zithandiza kupewa mavuto a pakhungu.
- Kwa munthu amene amadalira insulin, kutayika kwa insulin kumakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Dziwani matenda oopsa monga DKA. Ngati mukukayikira, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
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