Mwina munaonapo kapena munamvapo za anthu omwe ali kuchipatala akulandira 'saline drip'. Izi zimaphatikizapo kannula yomwe imayikidwa mumtsempha, yolumikizidwa ndi thumba la madzi omwe amapachikidwa pamalo okwera. Anthu ambiri amaopa izi, kapena amaganiza kuti zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda akuluakulu okha. Ndiye, kodi madzi a m'mitsempha ya m'magazi ndi chiyani, omwe amadziwika kuti saline? Kodi ndi liti pamene amafunikiradi? Tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule komanso momveka bwino ndi Nirogi Lanka.
Nchifukwa chiyani mukufunika kumwa mankhwala a IV fluids?
Mwachidule, madzi a m'mitsempha ndi madzi apadera omwe amaperekedwa mwachindunji m'magazi kudzera m'mitsempha. Chifukwa chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ndikuletsa kapena kuchiza kutaya madzi m'thupi - mkhalidwe womwe madzi ndi ma electrolyte ofunikira m'thupi lanu amafika pamlingo wotsika kwambiri.
Pafupifupi 60% ya thupi lanu limapangidwa ndi madzi. Tangoganizirani zomwe zimachitika pamene kuchuluka kumeneku kumatsika kwambiri. Selo lililonse ndi chiwalo chilichonse m'thupi lanu zimadalira madzi kuti zigwire ntchito. Mukalephera kusunga madzi okwanira mwa kumwa madzi nokha, chithandizo cha IV chimakhala chofunikira.
| Zochitika Zofala Zofuna Madzi a M'mitsempha | |
|---|---|
| Matenda Oopsa | Mukasanza kwambiri komanso kutsegula m'mimba , thupi lanu limataya madzi ambiri mwachangu. Zikatero, kugaya chakudya sikungathe kuyamwa zomwe mumamwa. |
| Kuchita Masewera Olimbitsa Thupi ndi Kutentha | Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse kutayika kwa madzi ambiri chifukwa cha thukuta. |
| Kuvulala Kwambiri Kapena Kupsa | Kuvulala kwakukulu kapena kupsa kwambiri kungayambitse kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi mwachangu. |
| Opaleshoni | Pa nthawi ya opaleshoni yomwe imafuna mankhwala oletsa ululu, simungadye kapena kumwa, ndipo thupi lanu limafunika thandizo la madzi owonjezera panthawi ya opaleshoni komanso pambuyo pake. |
Zotsatira za Kusowa Madzi M'thupi
Thupi lanu likasowa madzi okwanira m'thupi, limakhudza machitidwe ambiri:
- Kusokonezeka kwa electrolyte balance yanu.
- Mavuto a kukumbukira ndi kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso.
- Kutaya mphamvu ndi kutopa kosalekeza.
- Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa kugaya chakudya ndi matumbo.
- Mutu wopweteka komanso wopweteka pafupipafupi.
- Kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga impso, mtima , ndi ubongo.
- Kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a thupi.
- Kuwonongeka kwa thanzi la khungu.
Izi ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri. Ngati mukukumana ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi, chonde funsani upangiri wachipatala mwachangu. Ngati ndi zadzidzidzi, imbani 911 kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi.
| Chizindikiro | Zimene mungazindikire |
|---|---|
| Chizungulire | Kumva mutu wopepuka mukamayimirira kapena kuyenda. |
| Maso Ouma | Maso akumva ouma, ngakhale mutayesa kutulutsa misozi. |
| Pakamwa/Milomo Youma | Kusowa malovu, milomo yosweka, ndi lilime louma. |
| Khungu Louma | Khungu likuwoneka louma, lokwinya, kapena lopanga mawanga. |
| Kutopa Kwambiri | Kumva kutopa ngakhale popanda kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. |
| Kupuma Mwachangu | Kupuma mofulumira kuposa momwe mumapumira nthawi zonse. |
| Zozizira Kwambiri | Manja ndi mapazi akumva kuzizira akakhudza. |
| Kuchepetsa Kukodza | Kukodza kosakwana kanayi patsiku, ndi mkodzo wakuda. |
Mitundu ya Madzi a IV
Dokotala wanu adzasankha mtundu woyenera wa madzi a m'mitsempha yamagazi kutengera vuto lanu. Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu:
Mayankho a Crystalloid
Izi ndi zinthu zamadzimadzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timadutsa mosavuta kuchokera m'mitsempha yamagazi kupita m'maselo anu.
- Mchere Wabwinobwino : Uwu ndi 'mchere' womwe aliyense amaudziwa. Kwenikweni ndi chisakanizo cha madzi ndi sodium chloride (mchere).
- D5W: Izi zili ndi dextrose (mtundu wa shuga) wosakaniza ndi madzi.
- Ringer's Yopangidwa ndi Lactated: Izi zikuphatikizapo sodium, chloride, potaziyamu, calcium, ndi lactate. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi ambiri akufunika mwachangu.
Mayankho a Colloid
Izi zili ndi mamolekyu akuluakulu omwe sadutsa mosavuta m'makoma a maselo, nthawi zambiri amakhalabe m'magazi kuti asunge kuchuluka. Zitsanzo ndi monga Albumin ndi Hetastarch.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukalandira IV?
Njirayi imachitidwa ndi dokotala kapena namwino wophunzitsidwa bwino mwadongosolo komanso mwaukadaulo.
1. Choyamba, dokotala wanu adzasankha mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi a m'mitsempha omwe mukufuna kutengera kulemera kwanu, zaka zanu, ndi matenda anu omwe alipo panopa.
2. Kenako, malo oikiramo (nthawi zambiri chigongono chamkati kapena pamwamba pa dzanja lanu) amatsukidwa bwino ndi yankho la antiseptic .
3. Chovala cha tourniquet chimamangiriridwa mozungulira mkono wanu wapamwamba kuti mitsempha iwonekere bwino.
4. Mukasankha mtsempha woyenera, kannula woyeretsedwa (chubu chaching'ono cha pulasitiki chokhala ndi singano) amaikidwa. Mungamve kubaya pang'ono, koma kumatenga nthawi yochepa chabe.
5. Kansalu ikayikidwa bwino mumtsempha, tourniquet imachotsedwa.
6. Cannula imamangidwa padzanja lanu ndi tepi yachipatala kuti mupewe kusuntha kulikonse mwangozi.
7. Chitoliro cholumikizidwa ku thumba lanu lamadzimadzi a m'mitsempha chimalumikizidwa ku kanula.
8. Thumba la IV limapachikidwa pa choyimitsira cha IV, ndipo madziwo amaperekedwa pamlingo wolamulidwa kudzera mu pampu yothira kapena mphamvu yokoka, kuonetsetsa kuti mankhwalawa aperekedwa molondola.
9. Ogwira ntchito zachipatala athu adzayang'anira ntchito yonse mosalekeza kuti mukhale otetezeka.
Ngakhale mutapatsidwa jekeseni ya mtsempha, ngati muwona kuti madontho a madzi akutuluka mofulumira kwambiri kapena pang'onopang'ono, ngati mukumva kupweteka pamalopo, ngati kanula ikutuluka, kapena ngati mutu wanu ukupweteka kapena mukuvutika kupuma, dziwitsani dokotala kapena namwino nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa zake ndi ziti?
Kubwezeretsa madzi m'thupi kudzera m'mitsempha ya m'magazi ndi njira yodziwika bwino, yosavuta, komanso yotetezeka yachipatala. Imapereka mpumulo mwachangu ndipo, mwa odwala omwe akudwala kwambiri, imatha kupulumutsa moyo.
Ngakhale kuti mavuto ndi osowa kwambiri, ndi bwino kudziwa zambiri za iwo kuti mudziwe zomwe muyenera kuyang'anira.
| Mavuto | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Kuteteza Mpweya | Mpweya umalowa m'mitsempha kudzera mu chubu. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri koma zimafuna thandizo lachipatala mwachangu. |
| Mitsempha Yosweka | Mtsempha ukhoza kugwa mukawuyika kapena mutagwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngati izi zitachitika, ogwira ntchito adzangogwiritsa ntchito malo ena. |
| Kuchuluka kwa Madzimadzi | Ngati madzi aperekedwa mofulumira kwambiri, angayambitse mutu, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kapena kuvutika kupuma. Kusintha kuchuluka kwa madzi m'thupi kumathetsa vutoli. |
| Hematoma | Magazi akutuluka m'minofu yozungulira. Amaoneka ngati bala ndipo nthawi zambiri amachira mkati mwa milungu ingapo. |
| Matenda | Zimachitika ngati malo oikiramo sanasungidwe oyera. Izi zitha kuchiritsidwa bwino ndi maantibayotiki. |
| Kulowerera | Madzi amatuluka m'thupi lozungulira ngati kanula yasuntha. Zingayambitse ululu/kutupa pang'ono, koma zimathetsedwa mosavuta. |
| Matenda a phlebitis | Kutupa kwa mtsempha. Kofala kwambiri; kumachiritsidwa pochotsa kanula ndikugwiritsa ntchito compress zofunda. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Madzi a m'mitsempha ya m'magazi, kapena 'saline,' amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza kusowa madzi m'thupi ndikubwezeretsa mphamvu ya electrolyte.
- Kusowa madzi m'thupi sikuyenera kuonedwa mopepuka; ngati mukuwonetsa zizindikiro zoopsa, funani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo kapena funsani ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi.
- Chithandizo cha IV ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yotetezeka kwambiri yomwe imachitika m'zipatala tsiku lililonse. Chonde musadandaule nazo.
- Mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe mumalandira zimatsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala wanu kutengera momwe thanzi lanu limayendera.
- Ngati mukumva kusasangalala kulikonse pamene IV ili m'malo mwake, nthawi zonse uzani namwino wanu kapena dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
Madzi a m'mitsempha, saline, kutaya madzi m'thupi, cannula, chithandizo cha m'mitsempha, Nirogi Lanka
