Kodi mawu anu ndi osamveka bwino? Kodi mukuda nkhawa ndi khansa ya pakhosi? Tiyeni tiphunzire za khansa ya m'phuno.

Nthawi zina mawu athu amakhala onyowa pang'ono, kapena amamva olemera, eti? Zimakhala ngati chimfine wamba ndipo zimakhala bwino pakatha masiku awiri kapena atatu. Koma kodi kusinthaku kwa mawu anu sikunachepe ngakhale patatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu? Ngati muli ndi pakhosi lopweteka ndipo mukuvutika kumeza, si bwino kungonyalanyaza. Lero tikulankhula za chinthu chomwe chingayambe ndi zizindikiro izi ndipo muyenera kusamala nacho pang'ono - chomwe ndi khansa ya m'khosi, kapena pankhani ya zamankhwala, matenda otchedwa Laryngeal Cancer .

Mwachidule, kodi khansa ya m'khosi ndi chiyani?

Kholingo ndi chiwalo chaching'ono koma chofunikira kwambiri pakhosi pathu. Chili kutsogolo kwa khosi lathu, pamwamba pa mphuno. Ndi gawo la kholingo lomwe limatiteteza kuti tisameze chakudya, kulankhula, ndi mphuno. Lilinso ndi mawu omwe amapanga mawu athu.

Ndiye khansa ndi chiyani? Ndi pamene maselo m'thupi lathu amagawikana ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika, ndikupanga chotupa. Izi zikachitika mu kholingo, timatcha khansa ya kholingo. Maselo owopsa awa amalowa pang'onopang'ono ndikuwononga minofu yathanzi yozungulira.

Kholingo limagawidwa m'magawo atatu akuluakulu. Khansa ingayambe m'magawo aliwonse awa:

• Supraglottis: Gawo lapamwamba la kholingo. Pafupifupi 35% ya khansa imayambira apa.
• Glottis: Gawo lapakati. Zingwe zathu zolumikizira mawu zili pano. Ambiri, pafupifupi 60%, a khansa amayambira apa.
• Ma subglottis: Gawo lotsika kwambiri la kholingo. Pafupifupi 5% ya khansa imayambira apa.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'khosi ndi ziti? Yang'anirani izi!

Zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa iyi zitha kusokonezedwa mosavuta ndi matenda wamba a pakhosi kapena chimfine, choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Tiyeni tisiyanitse bwino zizindikiro izi ndi tebulo ili m'munsimu.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu izi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Ngati pakufunika kutero, mutha kupitanso ku Chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU).

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa imeneyi imayamba? Ndani ali pachiopsezo chachikulu?

Pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa iyi. Ndi kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso . Chiwopsezo cha munthu amene amachita zonsezi pamodzi n'chokwera kwambiri kuposa munthu amene amachita chimodzi chokha. Chifukwa chake, munthu amene ali ndi zizolowezi zonsezi ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya m'khosi.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zingapo zoopsa:

• Matenda a HPV: Mitundu ina ya HPV (Human Papillomavirus), matenda opatsirana pogonana, ingayambitsenso khansa ya pakhosi.
• Zaka: Anthu azaka zopitilira 55 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
• Jenda: Amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa iyi kuposa akazi. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa amuna omwe amasuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa.
• Mbiri yakale ya khansa: Munthu amene kale anali ndi khansa ya mutu kapena khosi ali ndi chiopsezo cha 25% chotenga khansa kachiwiri m'derali.
• Ntchito: Anthu omwe amakumana ndi zinthu monga utsi wa sulfuric acid, fumbi la matabwa, nickel, ndi asbestos kuntchito ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji khansa molondola?

Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe mwatchula pamwambapa, choyamba adzakufunsani funso latsatanetsatane lokhudza zizindikiro zanu ndikuwunika pakhosi ndi khosi lanu. Kenako, angakufunseni mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

• Kujambula Zithunzi: Monga kujambula chithunzi chowonekera bwino cha mkati mwa matupi athu, CT scan kapena MRI scan ingasonyeze kukula kwenikweni ndi malo a khansa. X-ray ya pachifuwa ingathenso kuchitidwa kuti ione ngati khansa yafalikira mpaka m'mapapo.
• Laryngoscopy: Pa njirayi, dokotala amaika chubu chopyapyala komanso chosinthasintha (endoscope) chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa kudzera mu mphuno kapena pakamwa panu ndipo amafufuza mosamala kholingo lanu ndi malo ozungulira.
• Kujambula kwa PET: Uku ndi mtundu wapadera wa kujambulidwa. Kujambula kumeneku kumachitika poika mankhwala otetezeka a radioactive mu mitsempha yomwe imapangitsa kuti malo ena m'thupi okhala ndi maselo a khansa 'awoneke'.
• Biopsy: Iyi ndiye njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yotsimikizika yodziwira matenda.Pa nthawi ya laryngoscopy, kachidutswa kakang'ono kwambiri ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera pamalo okayikitsa ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Izi zimatha kudziwa molondola 100% ngati ndi khansa kapena ayi, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi khansa yamtundu wanji.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Dokotala wanu akatsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi otani, adzakukonzerani njira yabwino kwambiri yochizira khansa kutengera siteji, kukula, kufalikira kwa khansa, komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo chithandizo chimodzi kapena kuphatikiza.

Kodi ndingathe kulankhula nditachita opaleshoni?

Vutoli ndi lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Limatengera mtundu wa opaleshoni.

• Pa khansa yoyambirira: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa chokha kapena gawo laling'ono la kholingo (monga cordectomy, partial laryngectomy), mutha kulankhula. Mawu anu angasinthe pang'ono, koma izi zitha kubwezeretsedwanso mothandizidwa ndi katswiri wolankhula.
• Pa khansa yoopsa: Nthawi zina, kholingo lonse lingafunike kuchotsedwa (Total Laryngectomy). Izi zipangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kulankhula monga kale. Koma musadandaule. Tsopano pali njira zatsopano zophunzirira kulankhula (monga ma valve apadera, zipangizo zamagetsi).

Kodi moyo uli bwanji pambuyo pa chithandizo?

Pambuyo poti chithandizo chatha bwino, dokotala wanu adzapitiriza kukuyang'anirani (kutsatira) kuti atsimikizire kuti mukuchira bwino. Panthawiyi,

• Kupereka mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Kupereka njira zothetsera mavuto okhudzana ndi kumeza.
• Kupereka upangiri pa zakudya zopatsa thanzi zomwe zingakukomereni.
• Zidzatumizidwa ku Speech Therapy kapena Physiotherapy ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi pali njira yopulumukira khansa iyi?

Ngakhale kuti si khansa zonse zomwe zingapewedwe, tikhoza kuwongolera zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'khosi.

• Siyani kusuta fodya ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi fodya kotheratu. Iyi ndi njira yabwino komanso yofunika kwambiri yomwe mungachite.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa. Ngati n'kotheka, siyani kotheratu.
• Idyani zakudya zabwino komanso zopatsa thanzi. Zakudya zokhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zambiri zimathandiza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa.