Kodi muli ndi vuto lililonse la pakhosi? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Khansa ya m'khosi!

Kodi mukumva ngati mawu anu akusintha pang'onopang'ono? Kapena mukumva ngati chinachake chatsekeredwa pakhosi panu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumeza? Nthawi zina timaganiza kuti izi ndi chimfine kapena matenda a pakhosi, koma nthawi zina zimatha kukhala chizindikiro cha chinthu china choopsa kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake lero taganiza kuti tikambirane za chinthu chotchedwa khansa ya m'khosi. Musachite mantha, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi Khansa ya Laryngeal ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya m'kholingo ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'kholingo yanu . Kholingo ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakhosi pathu. Anthu ena amaitchanso kuti "bokosi la mawu." Chifukwa timalankhula, kupuma, ndi kumeza pogwiritsa ntchito kholingo ili. Zingwe zathu zoyankhulirana zimapezekanso mkati mwa kholingo ili.

Tsopano, khansa ndi chiyani? Khansa imachitika pamene maselo m'thupi lathu ayamba kugawikana ndikuchulukana mofulumira komanso mosalamulirika. Maselo osazolowereka omwe amapangidwa mwanjira imeneyi amatha kusonkhana pamodzi ndikupanga chotupa. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika mu khansa ya m'khosi. Maselo a khansa awa akamachulukana, amalowa m'maselo athanzi ozungulira iwo ndikuwononga thupi lathu.

Tangoganizirani, kholingo lathu likhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:

1. Supraglottis (gawo lapamwamba): Pafupifupi 35% ya khansa ya m'phuno, kapena yoposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, imayamba m'gawoli.

2. Glottis (gawo lapakati): Zingwe zolumikizira mawu zili pano. Pafupifupi 60%, kapena kupitirira theka, la khansa ya m'khosi imayambira mu gawo lofunikali.

3. Ma subglottis (gawo la pansi): Pafupifupi 5% ya khansa ya m'phuno, kapena imodzi mwa 20, imayamba m'gawoli.

Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yofala bwanji?

Khansa ya m'khosi ndi mtundu wa khansa yomwe ili m'gulu la Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi . Pali ziwerengero zochokera kumayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo, ku United States, akuti anthu pafupifupi 12,500 amapezeka ndi matendawa chaka chilichonse, ndipo pafupifupi 4,000 amafa chifukwa cha matendawa. Khansa yotereyi imapezekanso ku Sri Lanka, kotero ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'phuno ndi ziti?

Vuto lalikulu ndi izi ndilakuti zizindikiro zoyambirira zimatha kusokonezedwa mosavuta ndi za matenda ena ofala . Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri ndi kutopa . Ngati sichikuchira patatha milungu ingapo, muyenera kukayikira. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ndi chimfine chokha. Komabe, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kuti akupatseni chithandizo choyenera:

• Kupweteka pakhosi kapena chifuwa kosalekeza.
• Kusintha kwa mawu (monga kumveka kwa mawu) komwe kumapitirira kwa milungu iwiri.
• Kumva ululu kapena kusasangalala kwina mukameza chakudya kapena chakumwa .
• Chotupa pakhosi kapena pakhosiKugwira chinthu chonga chimenecho.
• Kuvuta kutulutsa mawu `(Dysphonia)` .
• Kupweteka kwa khutu (makamaka mbali imodzi).

Chofunika: Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Komanso, ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo :

• Kuvuta kupuma (Dyspnea) .
• Phokoso lamphamvu komanso lokweza (Stridor) popuma .
• Kumva pafupipafupi kuti chinachake chatsekeka pakhosi (Globus Sensation) .
• Kutsokomola magazi (Hemoptysis) .

Kodi zimayambitsa khansa ya m'khosi ndi chiyani?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa iyi.

• Mitundu ina ya HPV (Human Papillomavirus) , matenda opatsirana pogonana (STI), ingayambitse khansa ya m'khosi.
• Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito fodya (kuphatikizapo kusuta fodya) komanso kumwa mowa wambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa iyi. Ngati muchita zonsezi pamodzi, chiopsezo chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya laryngeal?

Pali zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zingakhudze kukula kwa khansa iyi. Ndikofunikira kudziwa izi, chifukwa zina mwa izo tingathe kuzilamulira.

• Kusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina za fodya: Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa . Anthu omwe amasuta ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi.
• Kumwa mowa: Chiopsezo chimawonjezeka, makamaka ngati mumamwa zakumwa zopitilira chimodzi patsiku . Chiopsezocho chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri kwa munthu amene amasuta komanso kumwa mowa.
• Zaka: Khansa iyi imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 55.
• Jenda: Amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa iyi kuposa akazi. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa kwambiri pakati pa amuna.
• Munthu mmodzi mwa anayi (25%) amene adadwalapo khansa yamtunduwu adzadwalanso khansa m'derali.
• Ntchito: Ntchito zina zimawonjezera chiopsezo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mwachitsanzo:
• Sulfuric Acid Mist
• Fumbi la Nkhuni
• Fakitoli
• Asbesto
• Kugwira ntchito m'mafakitale omwe amapanga mpweya wa mpiru.
• Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi makina ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'khosi.

Kodi khansa ya m'mapapo imapezeka bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, dokotala adzakufunsani kaye za zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri yanu ya matenda. Kenako adzakuyezani thupi.Pakhosi ndi khosi lanu zidzayesedwa. Mukamaliza kuyezetsa koyamba kumeneku, mwina mudzapatsidwa mayeso ena angapo kuti mutsimikizire matendawa.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amathandiza kupeza matenda?

Pali mayeso akuluakulu angapo omwe amachitika pa izi:

• Zojambulajambula:
• Kujambula kwa CT kapena MRI: Izi zimatha kujambula zithunzi zamkati mwa thupi. Zingawonetse zinthu monga kukula kwa chotupa cha khansa ndi komwe chili.
• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Izi zimathandiza kuona ngati khansa yafalikira mpaka m'mapapo.
• Laryngoscopy: Mu njira imeneyi, dokotala amaika chubu chopyapyala komanso chosinthasintha chotchedwa endoscope , chomwe chili ndi kamera ndi kuwala, kudzera pakamwa kapena mphuno ndi pansi pa mmero. Izi zimathandiza dokotalayo kuwona mwachindunji mkati mwa kholingo.
• Kujambula kwa PET: Mu izi, mlingo wochepa kwambiri komanso wotetezeka wa chinthu chowopsa umalowetsedwa mumtsempha. Chinthuchi chimasonyeza bwino komwe maselo a khansa ali.
• Kuyeza kwa khansa: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yotsimikizira khansa . Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu yosazolowereka kamatengedwa kuchokera mu kholingo ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Katswiri wa matenda , wasayansi wa minofu, amawunika maselo awa. Mankhwala ena a khansa amagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati maselo a khansa ali ndi zizindikiro zina za mapuloteni. Choncho, kuyezetsa uku kumawunikanso zizindikiro izi.

Kodi magawo a khansa ya m'phuno ndi ati?

Monga gawo la matenda, gawo la khansa limadziwikiratu. Izi zikutanthauza kudziwa kuopsa kwa khansa, kukula kwa chotupacho, komanso ngati chafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Magawo a khansa ya laryngeal ndi awa:

• Khansa Yoyambirira ya M'phuno: Mu magawo 0, 1, ndi 2, chotupacho ndi chaching'ono. Khansayo sinafalikire kupitirira m'phuno.
• Khansa Yapamwamba ya M'phuno: Mu gawo lachitatu ndi lachinayi, chotupacho chakula kwambiri. Mwina chakhudza mitsempha ya mawu, kapena mwina chafalikira ku ma lymph nodes kapena ziwalo zina za thupi.

Kodi khansa ya m'phuno imafalikira kuti koyamba?

Khansa yomwe imafalikira kupitirira kholingo imatha kufalikira ku chithokomiro, trachea, mmero, lilime, mapapo, chiwindi, ndi mafupa .

Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya m'phuno ndi otani?

Mwamwayi, pali njira zingapo zochizira khansa ya m'khosi. Kutengera ndi matenda anu, gulu lanu lachipatala lidzasankha chithandizo chomwe chili choyenera kwa inu.

• Chithandizo cha Radiation: Izi zikuphatikizapo madokotala a khansa ya radiation.Ma radiation amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa. Chifukwa chakuti radiation imangopita ku chotupa cha khansa, kuwonongeka kwa minofu yathanzi yozungulira kumachepa.
• Chithandizo cha khansa: Madokotala a khansa amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwawo. Chithandizo cha khansa nthawi zambiri chimaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsempha. Chithandizochi chingayambitse zotsatirapo zoyipa, koma madokotala angathandize kuzithetsa.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa chitetezo chachilengedwe cha thupi lanu, chitetezo cha mthupi, kuti chithane ndi khansa. Izi zimatchedwanso biologic therapy .
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Chithandizochi chimayang'ana mapuloteni enaake m'maselo a khansa, motero chimaletsa maselo kuchulukana.
• Opaleshoni:
• Mu khansa yoyambirira , opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti achotse chotupa cha khansa chokha pamene akusunga kholingo (ndiko kuti, kusunga luso lolankhula ndi kumeza).
• Ngati khansa yakula kwambiri , madokotala opaleshoni angafunike kuchotsa larynx yonse.

Nthawi zina pamafunika mankhwala opitilira amodzi. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupha maselo otsala a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Ndi mitundu iti ya opaleshoni ya m'phuno yomwe ilipo?

Opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa khansa. Cholinga chachikulu cha opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'khosi ndi kuchotsa chotupa cha khansa pamene ikusunga ntchito ya m'khosi. Komabe, nthawi zina zingakhale zofunikira kuchotsa gawo la m'khosi kapena m'khosi wonse. Pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu ya opaleshoni:

• Kuchotsa chotupa cha m'mimba: Kuchotsa gawo la chotupa cha m'mimba kapena chotupa chonse cha m'mimba. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kudzera pakamwa.
• Kuchotsa laryngectomy ya Supraglottic: Kuchotsa gawo lapamwamba la kholingo (supraglottis). Izi zitha kuchitika kudzera pakhosi kapena pakamwa.
• Kuchotsa hemilaryngectomy: Kuchotsa theka la kholingo. Izi zingathandize kusunga mawu anu.
• Kuchotsa gawo la kholingo: Kuchotsa gawo la kholingo. Izi zingathandizenso kuti munthu azitha kulankhula bwino.
• Kuchotsa kholingo lonse la m'khosi: Kuchotsa kholingo lonse kudzera m'khosi.
• Kuchotsa chithokomiro: Kuchotsa chithokomiro chonse kapena gawo lake (ngati khansa yafalikira).
• Opaleshoni ya Laser: Kugwiritsa ntchito laser kuti muchotse chotupa popanda kutuluka magazi.

Kodi mungasankhe bwanji chithandizo chabwino kwambiri?

Pa khansa ya m'khosi yomwe yayamba msanga, gulu lachipatala mwina lingalimbikitse opaleshoni kapena chithandizo cha radiation. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti zonsezi ndi zothandiza. Posankha chithandizo, gulu lachipatala lidzaganizira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo:

• Kodi chithandizo chabwino kwambiri choteteza luso lanu lolankhula ndi kumeza ndi chiyani?
• Kutha kwanu kutsatira zomwe mukufuna, ziyembekezo zanu, ndi dongosolo lanu la chithandizo.
• zaka zanu.
• Matenda ena omwe muli nawo.
• Kufuna mawu anu (monga ntchito yanu).
• Mtundu wa mawu anu.
• Kaya mukusuta fodya panopa kapena munasuta kale.
• Luso lanu lopumira.
• Thandizo kuchokera kwa okondedwa anu.

Kodi mungadziteteze ku khansa ya m'phuno?

Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kuteteza kwathunthu ku khansa zonse, pali zinthu zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chathu chokhala ndi khansa zambiri, kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'khosi. Zimenezi zikuphatikizapo kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi:

• Siyani kusuta fodya kotheratu ndipo pewani kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina za fodya. Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa. Ngati muli ndi vuto la mowa, funani chithandizo.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi . Idyani ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso zambiri.

"Lekani kusuta fodya lero. Kungakutetezeni osati ku khansa ya m'phuno yokha, komanso matenda ena ambiri."

Kodi pali kuyezetsa kulikonse kwa laryngectomy?

Pakadali pano palibe mayeso enieni komanso okhazikika owunikira khansa ya m'khosi. Komabe, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kutopa, kusintha kwina, kapena chifuwa chosatha, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala. Kuzindikira msanga kungayambitse khansa pachiyambi. Kenako zimakhala zosavuta kuchiza ndipo mwayi wochira umakhala wokwera.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya m'khosi?

Mukalandira chithandizo, muyenera kupitiliza kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu kuti akakupatseni nthawi yokumana naye kuti akaone ngati mukuchira. Dokotalayo adzayang'anira zinthu izi:

• Chithandizo cha ululu uliwonse.
• Kuthandiza kuchepetsa mavuto omeza kapena zilonda mkamwa ndi m'mero ​​(mucositis) .
• Kambiranani za zakudya zomwe mumadya ndipo onetsetsani kuti mwadya ndikumeza popanda vuto lililonse.
• Mankhwala olimbitsa thupi angapangidwe chifukwa cha zipsera za pakhosi kapena vuto lotsegula pakamwa.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'khosi ndi chotani?

Kawonedwe kanu ka zinthu kamadalira zinthu zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, siteji ya khansa, zaka zanu, ndi thanzi lanu lonse. Kawirikawiri, khansa ya m'phuno yoyambirira imakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopulumuka . Pa khansa yopita patsogolo yomwe yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, mwayi wopulumuka ndi wochepa pang'ono.

Koma,Ngakhale khansa ya m'khosi yopita patsogolo imatha kuchiritsidwa. Ngati khansayo yabwerera, nthawi zambiri imachitika mkati mwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zoyambirira mutalandira chithandizo. Chiwopsezo cha khansayo kubwerera pambuyo pa zaka zisanu n'chochepa kwambiri. Komabe, ngati mumasuta kapena kumwa mowa ndipo simusiya, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa yatsopano m'derali.

Kodi ndiyenera kukhala ndi stoma?

Ngati mwachotsedwa laryngectomy yonse , dokotala wanu adzapanga njira yatsopano yopumira m'khosi mwanu kuti mupume. Izi zimatchedwa stoma . Ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika kapena yakanthawi. Nazi zina zomwe mungachite kuti musamale stoma yanu:

• Iyang'aneni tsiku lililonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi yoyera komanso yopanda mamina.
• Chotsani mamina kuchokera ku stoma pogwiritsa ntchito saline spray kapena nsalu.
• Sungani chinyezi ndi saline spray.
• Tsukani malo ozungulira stoma pogwiritsa ntchito sopo ndi madzi ofunda.
• Musaviike stoma m'madzi.
• Sungani stoma yanu yophimbidwa (ndi sikafu kapena chophimba chapadera cha stoma) kuti fumbi lisalowe. Iphimbeni mukamameta ndevu ndi kusamba.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji ngati kholingo langa lonse lachotsedwa?

Ngati mukusuta fodya, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusiya . Pewani kusuta fodya kwathunthu musanayambe, musanayambe, komanso mutamaliza kulandira chithandizo. Anthu omwe amasuta fodya akamaliza kulandira chithandizo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga mitundu ina ya khansa. Komabe, anthu omwe amasiya kusuta amakhala pachiwopsezo chochepa cha khansa. Kusuta fodya kungachedwetse kuchira kwanu ndikupangitsa zotsatirapo zoyipa za chithandizo kukhala zoyipa kwambiri.

Kodi ndidzatha kulankhula nditalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya m'khosi?

Ili ndi vuto kwa anthu ambiri.

• Ngati mwachotsedwa kholingo lonse (kutanthauza kuti kholingo lonse lachotsedwa), muyenera kuphunzira njira yatsopano yolankhulira. Katswiri wothandiza polankhula adzakuthandizani ndi izi.
• Ngati dokotala wachotsa gawo limodzi la kholingo lanu, mawu anu akhoza kukhala osamveka bwino poyamba, koma mwina mudzalandiranso mawu anu. Komabe, angamveke mosiyana ndi kale.
• Mankhwala ena, monga chithandizo cha radiation, angayambitse kutaya mawu anu kwakanthawi. Komabe, mawu anu nthawi zambiri amabwerera m'khola mwanu mukachira.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya m'khosi, funsani dokotala mafunso awa:

• Kodi khansa ili pamlingo wotani?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi chithandizochi chidzakhudza bwanji kulankhula, kupuma, ndi kumeza kwanga?
• Kodi ndikufunika kuchira pambuyo pa chithandizo?
• Kodi khansa ingabwerenso?
• Kodi ndili bwanji ndi thanzi labwino?

Ndani amathandiza kuzindikira ndi kuchiza khansa ya m'phuno?

Gulu losamalira khansa ya m'khosi nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi akatswiri angapo komanso akatswiri azaumoyo ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana:

• Madokotala Ochita Opaleshoni ya Mutu ndi Khosi: Awa ndi madokotala a Otolaryngologist omwe aphunzitsidwa mwapadera kuchotsa khansa m'dera la mutu ndi khosi.
• Madokotala a khansa ya radiation: Amachiza khansa pogwiritsa ntchito radiation therapy.
• Madokotala a khansa: Amachiza khansa ndi mankhwala monga chemotherapy.
• Madokotala a Mano ndi Opaleshoni ya Mkamwa: Amapereka chithandizo monga X-ray ndi kuchiza khansa ya mkamwa.
• Akatswiri Othandiza Kulankhula / Akatswiri Othandiza Anthu Olankhula ndi Kulankhula (SLPs): Kuwunika ndi kuchiza matenda olankhula, chilankhulo, mawu, kuganiza, ndi kumeza.
• Akatswiri Ovomerezeka a Zakudya: Thandizani kupeza zakudya zopatsa thanzi kutengera thanzi la wodwalayo, matenda ake, kapena kuvulala kwake.
• Ogwira Ntchito Zachikhalidwe: Amagwira ntchito yothetsa mavuto ndikupereka chidziwitso kwa odwala ndi mabanja. Amapereka uphungu, kutumiza anthu kuzinthu za m'deralo ndi zadziko lonse, chidziwitso chokhudza magulu othandizira, ndi chidziwitso chokhudza thandizo la ndalama.
• Opereka Chithandizo Choyamba: Amayang'anira chisamaliro chamankhwala cha anthu onse panthawi ya chithandizo cha khansa.

Chidule ndi zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'phuno, monga kutopa kapena kusintha kwina kwa mawu anu, chifuwa chosatha, kapena kuvutika kumeza, chonde onani dokotala . Khansa ya m'phuno ya magawo 0 ndi 1 imachiritsidwa kwambiri ngati itachiritsidwa msanga. Komanso, kuchiza khansa msanga kungakuthandizeni kusunga luso lanu lolankhula ndi kudya. Funsani dokotala wanu za njira zochiritsira zomwe zilipo kutengera gawo la khansa yanu.

Kumbukirani, kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso ndiye zifukwa zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'khosi. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndi kupewa zizolowezi zoipazi. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

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