Mukuganiza bwanji ngati mutabwerera kuchokera ku ulendo wopita kudziko lina, kapena ngakhale ulendo wopita kudera lovuta ku Sri Lanka, ndipo mukuyamba matenda ngati chimfine, kumva kufooka, ndikuyamba kutentha thupi? Nthawi zambiri, timaganiza kuti, "Iyenera kuti ndi malungo oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ." Komabe, ikhoza kukhala chinthu choopsa kwambiri. Malungo ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Uwu ndi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu omwe angakhale oopsa ngati sakuchiritsidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tikambirane za malungo mwachidule lero.
Kodi Malungo ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, malungo ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timalowa m'thupi mwathu kudzera mukulumwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka. Timati tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi Plasmodium . Ngakhale kuti malungo sakufalikira ku Sri Lanka, matendawa akadali kupezeka pakati pa anthu omwe adapita kumayiko aku Africa, madera ena a South America, ndi mayiko aku Southeast Asia.
Ndipotu, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amadwala malungo chaka chilichonse, ndipo anthu masauzande ambiri amafa chifukwa cha matendawa. Choncho si matenda oti anyalanyazidwe. Udzudzu womwe umafalitsa matendawa umatchedwa udzudzu wa Anopheles. Umafunikira nyengo yotentha kuti ukhale bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake umapezeka kwambiri m'maiko aku Africa ndi Asia.
Mitundu ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa malungo
Pali mitundu ingapo ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Plasmodium omwe amayambitsa malungo. Mtundu uliwonse umayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana pang'ono. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu.
| Mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda | Zapadera |
|---|---|
| Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) | Uwu ndi mtundu wa malungo woopsa kwambiri komanso woopsa . Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timachulukana mofulumira kwambiri m'magazi, n’kuwononga maselo ofiira ambiri. Tingathenso kutseka mitsempha yamagazi ing'onoing'ono muubongo, zomwe zimayambitsa vuto lalikulu lotchedwa malungo a ubongo. |
| Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Mtundu uwu ukhoza kukhala m'chiwindi mwanu ndikuyambiranso miyezi ingapo, ngakhale zaka, mutalumidwa ndi udzudzu. |
| Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Izi zikufanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wa vivax ndipo zimapezeka kwambiri ku West Africa ndi Pacific Islands. |
| Plasmodium malariae (P. malariae) | Ngati sichinachiritsidwe, mtundu uwu ukhoza kuyambitsa matenda osatha omwe amakhalapo kwa moyo wonse. Mtundu uwu umapezeka padziko lonse lapansi. |
Kodi malungo amafalikira bwanji?
Iyi ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri. Tangoganizirani, udzudzu wa Anopheles umaluma munthu wodwala malungo. Kenako tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'magazi a wodwalayo timalowa m'thupi la udzudzu. Kenako, patatha pafupifupi sabata imodzi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timakula m'malovu a udzudzu. Tsopano, udzudzu uwu ukamaluma munthu wathanzi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timalowa m'thupi la munthu winayo pamodzi ndi malovuwo.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti malungo si matenda omwe angafalitsidwe kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina, monga chimfine kapena chimfine, kudzera mu kukhudza, kugawana chakudya, kapena kuyetsemula. Simafalikiranso pogonana. Kuti mutenge matendawa, muyenera kulumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri, imatha kufalikira kudzera m'njira zina.
- Mwa kupereka magazi ochokera kwa munthu wodwala kwa munthu wathanzi.
- Mwa kusamutsa chiwalo kuchokera kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.
- Mwa kugawana singano zobayira zomwe zili ndi magazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.
- Ngati mayi woyembekezera atenga malungo, mwanayo akhozanso kutenga matendawa.
Kodi zizindikiro za malungo ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera patatha masiku 10 mpaka 15 udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka utaluma. Zizindikirozi zimafanana kwambiri ndi za chimfine, kotero zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira poyamba.
| Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino | Zizindikiro za matenda aakulu (muyenera kupeza upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo!) |
|---|---|
|
Chofunika: Mitundu ina ya malungo, monga P. vivax, ingatenge milungu yoposa iwiri kuti iwonetse zizindikiro. Choncho ngati mukuyamba kutentha thupi ngakhale mkati mwa mwezi umodzi mutapita kunja, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu za ulendo wanu.
Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Malungo ndi matenda omwe amatha kukulirakulira mofulumira. Choncho ndi bwino kuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwamsanga . Ngati mwapita kudziko lomwe malungo ndi malungo amakula ndipo mwayamba kutentha thupi kapena zizindikiro zina, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa monga kusokonezeka maganizo, kukomoka, kapena kupuma movutikira, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Pangozi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi mwamsanga.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?
Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi malungo atamva zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri yanu yaulendo, adzalamula kuti muyesedwe kangapo kuti atsimikizire.
- Kuyeza magazi: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yolondola yoyezera. Chitsanzo cha magazi anu chimatengedwa, utoto wapadera umawonjezeredwa, ndipo chitsanzocho chimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi zingathandizenso kudziwa mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuchuluka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'magazi mwanu.
- Kuyesa Mwachangu (RDT): Izi zikufanana ndi kuyesa kwa antigen ya COVID. Kungapereke zotsatira mwachangu pobaya chala. Komabe, sikungathe kuzindikira bwino mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kotero nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuyezetsa magazi.
- Kuyezetsa kwa PCR: Izi zimafufuza ngati pali DNA ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'magazi. Izi zimatha kuzindikira mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda molondola kwambiri.
Kodi mankhwala a malungo ndi otani?
Chithandizo chimasankhidwa kutengera zinthu zingapo.
- Mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe muli nacho.
- Kuopsa kwa zizindikiro.
- Kumene mudatenga matendawa (kuti mudziwe ngati pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosamva mankhwala m'dera limenelo).
- Kaya muli ndi pakati kapena ayi.
- zaka zanu.
Dokotala adzayang'ana zonsezi ndikukupatsani mankhwala oyenera kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, magulu a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi `(Chloroquine)` ndi `(Artemisinin-based combination therapy – ACT)`. Musamwe mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumva ngati mukufuna popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu amalasidwa m'chipatala ndipo amalandira chithandizo cha `(IV)` kudzera m'mitsempha.
Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku malungo?
Samalani ndi zinthu izi, makamaka ngati mukupita kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala.
- Valani zovala zophimba thupi lanu bwino: mathalauza aatali, malaya a manja aatali. Chepetsani mwayi woti udzudzu ukukulumeni.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Pakani mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhala ndi zinthu monga DEET kapena Picaridin pakhungu lomwe lili lotseguka.
- Gwiritsani ntchito maukonde a udzudzu: Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito ukonde wa udzudzu pogona, makamaka ngati mawindo sali otsekedwa.
- Imwani mankhwala oletsa malungo: Musanapite kudera lomwe kumapezeka malungo, onani dokotala wanu ndipo mupeze mankhwala oletsa malungo (prophylaxis). Mapiritsi awa ayenera kumwedwa musanayambe, panthawi yake, komanso kwa nthawi yoikika pambuyo pa ulendo.
- Katemera wa Malungo: Bungwe la World Health Organization tsopano lapereka katemera wa `(RTS,S/AS01)` ndi `(R21/Matrix-M)` kwa ana m'chigawo cha Africa, komwe malungo ndi ofala. Ichi ndi chipambano chachikulu pakuwongolera malungo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Malungo ndi matenda oopsa, omwe angathe kupha anthu omwe amafalitsidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilomboka.
- Ngati mukumva zizindikiro monga malungo ndi kupweteka kwa thupi mutapita kudziko lina, makamaka kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuuza dokotala wanu za ulendo wanu.
- Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo kungalepheretse mavuto aakulu.
- Musanapite kudera lomwe malungo ndi ofala kwambiri, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zodzitetezera ku malungo komanso mankhwala oletsa malungo.
Malungo, Udzudzu, Malungo, Zizindikiro za Malungo, Chithandizo cha Malungo, Chitetezo cha Malungo, Plasmodium
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