Kodi chopumira mpweya n'chiyani? Zonse zokhudza icho mwachidule (Kupumira mpweya kwa makina)

Mwina mwapitako kukaona munthu wina mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU). Kapena mwawonerapo kanema komwe wodwala amalumikizidwa ku makina okhala ndi chubu mkamwa mwake. Mwina munachita mantha pang'ono kapena kuda nkhawa mutaona zimenezo. Chimodzi mwa makina ofunikira kwambiri ndi chopumira mpweya. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amachiopa, kwenikweni ndi chipangizo chopulumutsa moyo. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za tanthauzo la chopumira mpweya, kapena m'mawu azachipatala, "Mechanical Ventilation", chifukwa chake chikufunika, ndi chilichonse chokhudzana nacho m'njira yosavuta kwambiri.

Mwachidule, kodi chopumira mpweya n'chiyani?

Chopumira mpweya ndi makina omwe amakuthandizani kupuma, kapena kutenga ntchito yonse, pamene simungathe kupuma nokha. Monga momwe ndodo zimathandizira kulemera kwanu mukasweka mwendo, chopumira mpweya chimathandizira mapapu anu.

Makina awa amachita zinthu zitatu zazikulu:

• Zimapatsa mapapu anu mpweya womwe amafunikira.
• Zimathandiza mapapo anu kuchotsa mpweya wosafunikira wa carbon dioxide womwe umasonkhana m'thupi lanu.
• Tizikwama tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya (alveoli) mkati mwa mapapo anu timapereka mphamvu yofunikira kuti titseguke popanda kugwa.

Madokotala akhoza kusintha makinawa kuti agwirizane ndi vuto lanu ndikukupatsani chithandizo chomwe mukufuna.

Kodi "Intubation" ndi "Ventilation" ndi zinthu zosiyana?

Inde, ngakhale kuti izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri pamodzi, izi zikutanthauza njira ziwiri.

• Kulowetsa m'chubu: Izi zimachitika pamene dokotala akulowetsa chubu kudzera pakamwa panu kapena mphuno, kudzera mu mphuno yanu (trachea) ndi m'mapapo anu. Izi zimatchedwanso ``endotracheal chubu`` kapena ET chubu.
• Kupuma Mofulumira kwa Makina: Izi zikutanthauza njira yolumikizira chubu chomwe chidayikidwa kale ku makina opumira mpweya, zomwe zimakuthandizani kupuma.

Nthawi zina, m'malo moyika chubu chonga ichi, mutha kulumikiza ku chopumira mpweya kudzera mu chophimba nkhope chomwe chimakukwanani bwino pankhope panu. Tikambirana za izi posachedwa.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya chithandizo cha mpweya wofewa ndi iti?

Ma ventilator omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yabwino kuti akakamize mpweya kulowa m'mapapo. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri zazikulu.

Kodi chopumulira mpweya chimafunika liti?

Mungafunike thandizo la makina opumira mpweya ngati vuto lalikulu lomwe simungathe kupuma bwino nokha lingakulepheretseni kupuma bwino. Mwachitsanzo:

• Pa opaleshoni yaikulu: Mukapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa kupuma, mphamvu yanu yopumira imachepa. Chifukwa chake, mudzapatsidwa thandizo la makina opumira panthawi ya opaleshoni.
• Matenda kapena matenda aakulu a m'mapapo: Chibayo, COVID-19, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), ndi Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pamene zinthu zikuipiraipira.
• Zadzidzidzi kapena matenda: Zadzidzidzi zilizonse zomwe zimatseka njira yopumira mpweya ndikupangitsa kupuma kukhala kovuta. Mwachitsanzo, vuto lalikulu la ziwengo (anaphylaxis).
• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kapena matenda: Pazochitika monga sitiroko ndi kuvulala kwa ubongo koopsa, ubongo sungathe kutumiza mauthenga oyenera ku mapapo kuti apume.
• Kusintha kwa mpweya m'magazi: Ngati kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon dioxide m'magazi kukuwonjezeka (hypercapnia) kapena kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa oxygen kukuchepa (hypoxemia), pamafunika chopumira kuti chiwongolere vutoli.
• Tetezani njira yanu yopumira:Ngati munthu amene ali ndi chikomokere atasanza malovu kapena chakudya mkamwa mwake, chikhoza kulowa m'mapapo mwake. Pofuna kupewa izi, amaika chubu choteteza mpweya wotuluka m'mapapo kuti chiteteze mpweya wotuluka m'mapapo.

Kodi muyenera kukhala ndi makina opumira mpweya kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Izi zimadalira kwathunthu vuto lomwe linakupangitsani kufunikira makina opumulira. Zitha kutenga maola angapo, masiku angapo, milungu ingapo. Nthawi zina, mungafunike kukhala kwa miyezi kapena zaka. Cholinga cha gulu lachipatala ndikuchotsani makina opumulira mwachangu komanso mosamala momwe mungathere . Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, adzayang'anira vuto lanu nthawi zonse.

Kawirikawiri, ngati zikuwoneka kuti muyenera kukhala pa makina opumira mpweya kwa milungu yoposa iwiri, madokotala amachotsa chubu chomwe chili mkamwa mwanu ndikuyika chubu kudzera mu kabowo kakang'ono pakhosi panu (tracheostomy). Iyi ndi njira yabwino komanso yayitali kwa wodwalayo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukachilumikiza ku chopumira mpweya?

Izi zimachitika mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU).

1. Choyamba, mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa kutopa kuti akuthandizeni kupumula komanso kumva tulo. Nthawi yomweyo, mudzapatsidwa munthu wolumala kuti thupi lanu lisasunthe pamene chubu chikulowetsedwa.

2. Kenako dokotala amaika chubu (ET chubu) kudzera pakamwa panu kupita ku chubu chanu cha mphepo.

3. Pomaliza, chubucho chalumikizidwa ku makina opumira mpweya. Kenako makinawo amayamba kupuma m'malo mwanu.

Pakagwa ngozi, izi zingafunike kuchitika mwanjira yosiyana pang'ono, mwachangu kwambiri.

Kodi chimachitikanso ndi chiyani mukakhala pa makina opumira mpweya?

Mukakhala ndi makina opumira mpweya, mudzasamaliridwa ndi gulu la madokotala ophunzitsidwa bwino. Pali zinthu zina zingapo zomwe zimachitika panthawiyi.

Tsekani kuyang'anira

Mudzalumikizidwa ndi ma monitor ena kuti muwone momwe thupi lanu likuchitira.

• Kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Kugunda kwa mtima
• Kuthamanga kwa mpweya
• Kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi

Zinthu zimenezi zimayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ma X-ray a pachifuwa amachitidwanso kuti aone momwe mapapo alili ndipo magazi amayesedwa kuti aone kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi.

Kuyamwa

Chubu chopumira chingayambitse ntchofu munjira yanu yopumira. Chifukwa chake, anamwino nthawi zambiri amaika chubu china chopyapyala (catheter) mu chubucho kuti achotse ntchofu yomwe ikuwunjikana. Mutha kutsokomola pang'ono ndikusamva bwino panthawiyi. Izi zitha kukhala zosasangalatsa kwa owonera, koma ndikofunikira kuti mpweya wanu ukhale woyera.

Zakudya

Simungadye kapena kumwa chifukwa muli ndi chubu mkamwa mwanu. Chifukwa chake, mudzapatsidwa zakudya zamadzimadzi kudzera mu chubu chopyapyala chomwe chimachoka pamphuno kupita m'mimba mwanu. Madzi ena adzaperekedwa kudzera mu saline solution kupita mumtsempha.

Kusuntha

Popeza si bwino kukhala pabedi nthawi zonse, gulu lachipatala limakupangitsani kuyenda. Nthawi zina, ngati mungathe kutero, amayesa kukupangitsani kuyenda pang'ono.

Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa zake ndi ziti?

Monga chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala, chithandizo cha mpweya wofewetsa mpweya chili ndi ubwino komanso zoopsa zake.

Kodi PEEP ndi CPAP ndi chiyani?

Mwina mwamvapo mawu onse awiriwa.

• PEEP (Kupanikizika Koyenera Kotha Kutuluka Mpweya): Iyi ndi njira yokhazikitsira makina opumira mpweya. Pa matenda ena, tikamapuma mpweya, matumba a mpweya m'mapapo (alveoli) amatseka kwathunthu. Njira ya PEEP imasunga matumba a mpweyawo otseguka mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yochepa ngakhale mutatulutsa mpweya. Izi zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umalowa m'magazi.
• CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure): Izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka mphamvu yofanana ya mpweya wabwino m'njira zopumira mpweya pamene mukupuma ndi kutuluka. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda monga sleep apnea, ngati njira yopumira mpweya yosalowa m'thupi (kudzera mu chigoba).

Mwachidule, PEEP ndi kupanikizika komwe kumayikidwa kwa wodwala pogwiritsa ntchito makina opumira mpweya akamapuma. CPAP ndi kupanikizika kosalekeza komwe kumayikidwa panthawi yopuma komanso yopuma.

Chopumira mpweya ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chingapulumutse moyo wanu pakagwa matenda aakulu kapena mwadzidzidzi. Ngakhale sichichiritsa matendawa, chimapatsa thupi lanu nthawi ndi chithandizo chomwe likufunika kuti lithane ndi matendawa ndikuchira.