Kodi munayamba mwakhalapo ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo? (Drug Allergy) Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Tikadwala kapena tili ndi vuto, tonse timamwa mankhwala kuti tichire mwachangu. Koma nthawi zina, mankhwala omwe timamwa kuti timve bwino angayambitse mavuto atsopano m'thupi lathu. Kodi mudakumanapo ndi vuto monga kuyabwa, kufiira, ndi kutupa thupi lonse mutamwa mankhwala kapena jakisoni? Ngati zimenezo zitachitika, mwina muli ndi vuto la mankhwala . Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane . Palibe chodetsa nkhawa nacho, ngati tikudziwa bwino zinthuzi, titha kupewa mavuto akuluakulu.

Kodi vuto la mankhwala amenewa ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso ndi mankhwala omwe mumamwa. Taganizirani izi ngati gulu la alonda mkati mwa matupi athu, chitetezo cha mthupi. Ntchito yawo ndi kutiteteza polimbana ndi zinthu zoopsa monga majeremusi, mabakiteriya, ndi mavairasi omwe amalowa m'thupi lathu.

Koma nthawi zina, alonda amenewa amalakwitsa pang'ono. Amalakwitsa chinthu china mu mankhwala omwe kwenikweni amatithandiza kukhala chinthu chovulaza thupi. Kenako, mankhwalawo akalowa m'thupi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimayamba kulimbana ndi "wowonongayo." Zotsatira za nkhondoyi ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa kale, monga kuyabwa ndi kutentha.

Nthawi yoyamba yomwe mwamwa mankhwalawo, simungamve chilichonse. Koma pansi pa mtima, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimakumbukira mankhwalawo ngati "mdani." Nthawi ina mukamwa mankhwalawo, chimaganiza kuti, "O... uyu ndi mdani wakale," ndipo chimatulutsa asilikali apadera otchedwa ma antibodies kuti amenyane nawo. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika makamaka mukakhala ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chofunika Kwambiri: Zizolowezi zina za mankhwala zitha kukhala zoopsa . Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akuwonetsa zizindikiro zoopsa mutamwa mankhwala, monga lilime lotupa kapena pakhosi, kuvutika kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira, chizungulire, kapena kutaya chidziwitso, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu!

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* Imbani nthawi yomweyo 1990 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi.

* Pitani ku chipinda chapafupi chadzidzidzi mwamsanga momwe mungathere.

Ndi mitundu iti ya mankhwala yomwe ingayambitse ziwengo za mankhwala?

Ngakhale kuti mankhwala aliwonse angayambitse ziwengo, pali mankhwala ochepa omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa ziwengo.

• Mankhwala opha tizilombo: Makamaka mtundu wotchedwa `Penicillin`. Anthu ambiri amanena kuti ali ndi vuto la izi.
• Mankhwala a sulfa: Uwu ndi mtundu wa maantibayotiki. Uli ndi `Sulfonamides`.
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa (NSAIDs):Mankhwala awa ndi omwe nthawi zambiri timamwa pa ululu, malungo, ndi kupweteka kwa thupi. Zitsanzo ndi monga `Ibuprofen` (monga Advil®), `Aspirin` (monga Bayer®), ndi `Naproxen` (monga Aleve®).
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol®): Mankhwala amtundu wa paracetamol omwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu: Awa ndi mankhwala amphamvu ochepetsa ululu. Zitsanzo zake ndi monga `Morphine`, `Codeine`.
• Mankhwala a Chemotherapy: Mankhwala operekedwa kwa odwala khansa.
• Mankhwala oletsa kugunda kwa mtima.
• Zinthu zosiyanitsa (utoto) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zithunzi zomveka bwino mu mayeso ena a X-ray ndi CT scan.

Ndi mankhwala ati omwe amayambitsa ziwengo zambiri?

Penicillin ndi mankhwala ofala kwambiri omwe amayambitsa ziwengo. Pafupifupi 10% ya anthu amati ali ndi ziwengo ndi penicillin. Komabe, kafukufuku watsopano akuwonetsa kuti ziwengo zina za penicillin zimatha pakapita nthawi.

Kodi ziwengo za mankhwala ndi zofala bwanji?

Kuyankha kulikonse kosayembekezereka kapena kosasangalatsa ku mankhwala kumatchedwa kuti adverse drug reaction . Zochepera 10% za kuyankha kumeneku ndi ziwengo za mankhwala. Zoposa 90% ndi zotsatira zoyipa . Zotsatira zoyipa ndi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi chitetezo cha mthupi lanu koma zimayambitsidwa ndi china chake chomwe chili mu mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena amakupangitsani kumva tulo kapena kupweteka m'mimba.

Kodi zizindikiro za ziwengo za mankhwala ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za ziwengo nthawi zambiri zimayamba mkati mwa mphindi zochepa mutamwa mankhwala. Zizindikirozi ndi kuopsa kwake zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu aliyense.

Zizindikiro zochepa za ziwengo:

• Thupi loyabwa.
• Maso amadzi (epiphora).
• Kukwiya pakhungu kapena kutupa pakhungu. Kungakhale kofiira, monga eczema, ndipo kungawoneke ngati matuza ang'onoang'ono.
• Ziphuphu: Izi ndi ziphuphu zofiira, zoyabwa zomwe zimaonekera mwadzidzidzi pakhungu.
• Mphuno yotuluka madzi .
• Kutupa (Angioedema): Malo ozungulira maso, milomo, ndi lilime akhoza kutupa.

Zizindikiro za matenda oopsa kwambiri (Anaphylaxis):

Imeneyi ndi vuto loopsa kwambiri. Anaphylaxis ndi vuto lalikulu la ziwengo lomwe lingakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati silinalandire chithandizo nthawi yomweyo. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:

• Kuvuta kumeza (Dysphagia).
• Kuvuta kupuma. Mungamve ngati pakhosi panu pakupanikizidwa ndipo mungamve ngati mukupuma movutikira.
• Chizungulire kapena kumva ngati mutu wayamba kufooka.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kumva nkhawa kapena kusakhazikika.
• Kutaya chidziwitso.

Zizindikiro zochedwa:

Nthawi zina, zizindikiro za ziwengo zimatha kuonekera masiku angapo, kapena milungu ingapo, mutamwa mankhwala. Zizindikirozi zimatha kupitirira kwa masiku angapo mutasiya kumwa mankhwala. Zizindikiro zochedwa ndi izi:

• Malungo.
• Kutupa pakhungu.
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa kapena kutupa kwa mafupa.
• Kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi (anemia) kapena kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa ma platelet (thrombocytopenia).
• Kusakhazikika kwa chiwerengero cha maselo oyera m'magazi (`Leukocytosis` kapena `Leukopenia`) kapena kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha eosinophils (`Eosinophilia`).
• Kuchepa kwa ntchito ya impso (nephritis) kapena chiwindi (Hepatitis).
• Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes.

Nchifukwa chiyani mankhwalawa amayambitsa ziwengo?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mukayamba kumwa mankhwalawa (izi zimatchedwa sensitization), chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimapanga mtundu wapadera wa antibody wotchedwa Immunoglobulin E (IgE). Ntchito ya ma antibodies a IgE awa ndikuzindikira zinthu zovulaza zomwe zimalowa m'thupi ndikuthandizira kuzichotsa. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya IgE m'matupi athu, iliyonse yomwe imalimbana ndi zinthu zinazake zomwe zimayambitsa allergen.

Ma antibodies a IgE amenewa amapita ndikukhalabe pakhungu lathu, m'njira yopumira, komanso m'mimba (GI tract) pa maselo omwe ali ndi mankhwala otchedwa ``histamine'' (omwe amatchedwanso ``mast cells''). Nthawi ina mukatenga mankhwala a ziwengo, ma antibodies a IgE amenewo amapita ndi kumamatira ku allergen yomwe ili mu mankhwalawa. Kenako ma mast cell amenewo amapatsidwa chizindikiro choti atulutse histamine ndi mankhwala ena. Histamine iyi ndi yomwe imayambitsa zizindikiro za ziwengo zomwe zimachitika nthawi yomweyo (monga kuyabwa, ziphuphu). Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mkati mwa mphindi zochepa.

Komanso, mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa `T-cells` m'thupi mwathu nthawi zina ungayambitse ziwengo. Ma T-cell amenewa amazindikira kuti mankhwalawa ndi "achilendo" ndipo amamatira nawo. Izi zimachitika pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri khungu (monga ziphuphu, ziphuphu zoyabwa).

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti zizindikiro za ziwengo za mankhwala ziwonekere?

Zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la ziwengo nthawi yoyamba kumwa mankhwalawo. Kwa ena, zizindikiro za ziwengo zingawonekere kachiwiri, kapena atagwiritsa ntchito kangapo.

Kodi ziwengo za mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimapatsirana?

Ayi, ziwengo za mankhwala sizimafalikira. Simungapereke kwa wina ziwengo za mankhwala.

Ndani angakhale ndi vuto la ziwengo ndi mankhwalawa?

Aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komabe, ngati makolo anu adadwalapo vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, muli ndi mwayi waukulu woti mudzadwala kapena kudwalanso mtsogolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala kulumikizana kwa majini.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo?

Dokotala wodziwa bwino za ziwengo, yemwe ndi katswiri wa ziwengo, amatha kuzindikira molondola ziwengo za mankhwala. Iye adzachita mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe ngati mulidi ndi ziwengo za mankhwala, ndipo ngati zili choncho, chithandizo chabwino kwambiri ndi chiti.

Dokotala asanakuyeseni, adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu yachipatala ndipo angakufunseninso mafunso monga:

• Kodi munayamba liti kuona zizindikiro zimenezi?
• Kodi zizindikiro zanu ndi ziti?
• Kodi zizindikiro zimenezo zakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi munamwa mankhwala aliwonse kuti muchepetse zizindikiro zanu?
• Kodi munayenera kupita kwa dokotala kapena kuchipatala chifukwa cha zizindikiro izi?
• Kodi mumamwa mavitamini kapena zowonjezera zitsamba?
• Kodi pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi vuto lililonse la mankhwala osokoneza bongo?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe mukumwa panopa (kuphatikizapo omwe mungapeze ku pharmacy popanda mankhwala a dokotala)?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe mwagwiritsa ntchito m'masabata angapo apitawa?
• Kodi munayamba mwakhalapo ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi mankhwala ena?

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira ziwengo?

Kutengera ndi mankhwala omwe mukuganiza kuti akukuyambitsani ziwengo, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyesedwe pakhungu . Izi zimathandiza kwambiri pozindikira ziwengo za mankhwala amtundu wa penicillin.

Kuyezetsa khungu kumaphatikizapo dokotala wanu kubaya mankhwala ochepa kwambiri omwe mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la ziwengo pakhungu lanu. Nthawi zambiri, amatsuka khungu lanu pang'ono, monga kumbuyo kwa dzanja lanu kapena mkono wapamwamba, kenako amagwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala kwambiri (lancet) kubaya mankhwalawo pakhungu lanu.

Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimaonekera mkati mwa mphindi 15. Ngati muli ndi vuto la ziwengo, malo omwe mankhwalawo adayikidwapo amatha kukhala ofiira ndipo chilonda chokwezeka (chinganga) chingawonekere, mofanana ndi kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. Ngati izi zitachitika, zikutanthauza kuti mutha kukhala ndi vuto la ziwengo ndi mankhwalawo.

Nthawi zina, madokotala angafunenso kuyitanitsa magazi . Kuyezetsa magazi kungakhale kothandiza, makamaka ngati vuto la ziwengo lakula kwambiri, lachedwa, kapena ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti ziwalo zingapo m'thupi zakhudzidwa.

Kodi mumalandira bwanji chithandizo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo?

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni njira zochizira matenda monga:

• Siyani kumwa mankhwala omwe amayambitsa ziwengo nthawi yomweyo: Mankhwala akangotuluka m'thupi lanu, zizindikiro zanu ziyenera kutha pang'onopang'ono. Ngati mukumwa mankhwalawo kuti muchiritse vuto lina, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani mankhwala ena omwe simuli nawo ziwengo.
• Mankhwala oletsa kugwidwa ndi matenda a chiwindi:Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poletsa zotsatira za histamines zomwe zimapangidwa m'thupi lanu, zomwe zimachepetsa zizindikiro monga kuyabwa ndi ming'oma.
• Corticosteroids: Awa ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa ndi kufiira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ziwengo.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ma bronchodilator: Mankhwalawa amachepetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi mapapu anu (monga kuvutika kupuma).
• Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen®): Ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu la mankhwala (monga anaphylaxis), dokotala wanu angakulembereni chipangizochi. Mankhwala a epinephrine amathetsa mwamsanga zizindikiro za anaphylaxis. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.
• Kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa ziwengo: Pa chithandizochi, dokotala amakupatsirani zinthu zochepa kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo. Pakapita nthawi, chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimazolowera zomwe zimayambitsa ziwengo ndipo chimasiya kuziyankha. Dokotalayo amawonjezera pang'onopang'ono mlingo kwa maola angapo, nthawi zina masiku, mpaka thupi lanu litatha kupirira ziwengo popanda zotsatirapo zilizonse za ziwengo.

Kodi ziwengo za mankhwala zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Anthu ambiri amachira pakatha maola ochepa atasiya kumwa mankhwala omwe amayambitsa ziwengo. Komabe, nthawi zina, zimatenga milungu, kapena miyezi, kuti zizindikiro zithe kwathunthu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati muli ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo?

Matenda a ziwengo ndi mankhwala sangathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Komabe, mutha kuwongolera zizindikiro zanu popewa mankhwala omwe mukudziwa kuti muli ndi ziwengo ndi kumwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu.

Kodi ziwengo za mankhwala zingapewedwe?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, njira yokhayo yopewera vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi kupewa mankhwala omwe muli nawo komanso mankhwala ena ofanana nawo.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga zolemba za ziwengo za mankhwala anu m'zolemba zanu zachipatala kuti madokotala athe kuzidziwa asanakupatseni mankhwala mtsogolo, motero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha ziwengo.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu musanalandire chithandizo chilichonse (kaya ndi kupita kwa dokotala wa mano kapena opaleshoni).

Ndibwinonso kusunga chidziwitso chokhudza ziwengo za mankhwala anu kuti ena adziwe ngati simungathe kulankhulana nanu pakagwa ngozi. Pali njira zingapo zochitira izi:

• Sungani zolemba za thanzi lanu mu pulogalamu yazaumoyo pafoni yanu. Onetsetsani kuti mutha kupeza izi kuchokera pazenera lanu lotseka pakagwa ngozi.
• Valani zodzikongoletsera zapadera (chovala cha mkanda kapena mkanda woteteza ku matenda).
• Khadi lopangidwa ndi laminated lomwe mungasunge m'chikwama chanu kapena m'chikwama chanu.
• Kulemba tattoo. (Ngakhale kuti izi zingawoneke ngati lingaliro loopsa, anthu ena amagwiritsanso ntchito njira iyi.)

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukumva zizindikiro zilizonse za ziwengo mutamwa mankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Pangozi (ETU) liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za vuto lalikulu la ziwengo , pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga kapena imbani 911. Zizindikiro zazikuluzi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kuvuta kumeza.
• Kumva mwadzidzidzi kukomoka kapena chizungulire.
• Kugunda kwa mtima kumathamanga kwambiri.
• Kutaya chidziwitso.

Kumbukirani, ngati zizindikiro zazikulu ngati izi sizichiritsidwa mwachangu, zimatha kupha munthu .

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, ndi bwino kufunsa mafunso ngati awa:

• Kodi dokotala amandiuza bwanji kuti ndili ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo?
• Ndi mankhwala ati enieni omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro izi za ziwengo?
• Ndikumwa mankhwalawa chifukwa cha vuto lina. Kodi pali njira ina yotetezeka yomwe ndingatenge m'malo mwake?
• Kodi ndikufunika chithandizo cha izi?
• Kodi dokotala amandilangiza chithandizo chamtundu wanji?

Kwa anthu ambiri, mankhwala ndi chinthu chomwe chimathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuchiritsa matenda. Koma kwa anthu ena, sangathe kumwa mankhwala enaake chifukwa chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chimaganiza molakwika kuti ndi chovulaza. Momwe mumachitira ndi vuto la mankhwala osokoneza bongo zingakhale zosiyana ndi za wina. Mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa chabe monga kuyabwa, ziphuphu pakhungu, kapena maso otuluka madzi. Koma pazochitika zazikulu, zimatha kukhudza kupuma, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kupha anthu.

Choncho, ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za ziwengo mutamwa mankhwala, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Akhoza kuchita mayeso kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi ziwengo zenizeni ku mankhwalawo. Akhozanso kulangiza chithandizo chofunikira komanso mankhwala ena omwe samayambitsa ziwengo.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

• Matenda a chifuwa cha mankhwala ndi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi lanu sichichita bwino ndi mankhwala enaake.
• Matendawa amatha kuyambira pa zizindikiro zazing'ono monga kuyabwa ndi ziphuphu mpaka zizindikiro zoopsa zomwe zingaike moyo pachiswe monga kuvutika kupuma komanso kutaya chidziwitso.
• Mankhwala opha tizilombo monga penicillin ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu (NSAIDs) nthawi zambiri amayambitsa ziwengo.
• Ngati muyamba kuona zizindikiro mutamwa mankhwala omwe mukuganiza kuti muli ndi vuto la ziwengo, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Ngati zizindikiro zazikulu (kuvutika kupuma, kutupa pakhosi/lilime, chizungulire) zichitika, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kapena imbani 1990.
• Nthawi zonse uzani madokotala anu (kuphatikizapo madokotala a mano) za mankhwala aliwonse omwe mumakhala ndi vuto la ziwengo.
• Sungani zambiri zokhudza ziwengo zanu pafupi ngati pachitika ngozi (monga chibangili cha chenjezo lachipatala, khadi).

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

` ziwengo za mankhwala, ziwengo za mankhwala, zizindikiro za ziwengo, anaphylaxis, ziwengo za penicillin, poizoni wa mankhwala, ziphuphu pakhungu