Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza matenda a Meningoencephalitis, omwe amakhudza ubongo wanu komanso ubongo wanu.

Ubongo ndi chimodzi mwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Nanga bwanji ngati ubongo wadwala? Tangoganizirani momwe ungakhalire woopsa. Lero tikambirana za matenda ngati amenewo, omwe ndi owopsa pang'ono, koma ngati mukudziwa bwino chochita, mutha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Izi zimatchedwa meningoencephalitis . Nthawi zina madokotala amatchanso encephalomenitis.

Ndiye kodi meningoencephalitis ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, meningoencephalitis ndi matenda osowa, koma omwe akhoza kupha munthu omwe amadwala meningitis ndi encephalitis nthawi imodzi.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe meningitis ndi encephalitis zili padera.

• Matenda a Meningitis ndi matenda komanso kutupa kwa nembanemba zoteteza (zotchedwa meninges) zomwe zimazungulira ubongo wanu ndi msana (mtsempha womwe uli mkati mwa msana wanu). Ma meninges amenewa amateteza ndikuthandizira ubongo wanu ndi msana wanu ku kuvulala.
• Encephalitis ndi kutupa kapena matenda omwe amapezeka mu minofu ya ubongo.

Choncho, pamene matenda awiriwa agwirizana, matenda a meningoencephalitis amayamba. Uwu ndi matenda oopsa omwe angakhudze aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse, ngakhale makanda aang'ono kwambiri .

Kodi zifukwa zazikulu za meningoencephalitis ndi ziti?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya meningoencephalitis kutengera chomwe chayambitsa matendawa. Koma nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha matenda. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi, mabakiteriya, bowa, kapena amoeba. Nthawi zina imatha kuyamba chifukwa cha matenda odziteteza okha, mwachitsanzo, autoimmune encephalitis kapena meningoencephalitis, kapena ngati zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala ena (monga immunocheckpoint inhibitor therapy).

Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ina yofala kwambiri ya matenda:

• Matenda a meningoencephalitis a bakiteriya: Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda a bakiteriya. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa izi ndi Neisseria meningitidis (yomwe imatchedwanso matenda a meningococcal), Streptococcus pneumoniae, ndi Haemophilus influenzae type b.
• Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: Iyi ndi matenda a bowa. Imachitika pamene mtundu wa bowa wotchedwa Cryptococcus ulowa mu ubongo ndi/kapena mapapo anu.
• Herpetic meningoencephalitis (HME):Zingayambitsidwe ndi kachilombo ka herpes. Nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka herpes simplex mtundu 1 (HSV1) - kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa zilonda zozizira. Komabe, kangayambitsidwenso ndi kachilombo ka herpes simplex mtundu 2 (HSV2). Nthawi zina meningoencephalitis imachitika panthawi yoyambitsa matenda, koma nthawi zambiri imayamba chifukwa cha kuyambiranso kwa kachilomboka kuchokera ku kachilombo kamene kanayamba.
• Matenda a meningoencephalitis (PAM): Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha amoeba yotchedwa Naegleria fowleri. Amoeba iyi imapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka m'malo ozizira komanso otentha monga nyanja, mitsinje, ndi akasupe otentha. Anthu ena amaitcha "amoeba yodya ubongo," ndipo ndi yoopsa mofanana.

Kodi zizindikiro za meningoencephalitis ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matendawa nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mwachangu kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhala zazikulu mwachangu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikirozi.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino:

• Mutu waukulu.
• Kuuma kwa khosi kapena kupweteka kwa khosi.
• Malungo.
• Kutopa kwambiri.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kufooka kwa minofu.
• Kuvuta kulankhula.
• Kumva kutopa ndi kuwala, kutanthauza kuvutika kuyang'ana kuwala (photophobia).
• Kuvuta kuganiza bwino.
• Kusintha kwa umunthu ndi khalidwe.
• Kuona zinthu m'maganizo - makamaka kuona zinthu m'maganizo ndi/kapena kumva zinthu m'maganizo, monga kuona zinthu zomwe palibe kapena kumva zinthu zomwe palibe.
• Kugwidwa ndi khunyu.
• Kusazindikira.

Ngati mwana wamng'ono akupeza matendawa, akhoza kuwonetsanso zizindikiro zina izi:

• Kutuluka kwa mphumi (ngati kutupa).
• Kuvuta kumwa mkaka.
• Kugona tulo topitirira muyeso kapena kuvutika kudzuka.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikufunsa upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi. Meningoencephalitis ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, choncho chithandizo chachangu n'chofunika!

Kodi meningoencephalitis imafalikira?

Matenda a Meningoencephalitis, kutupa kwa ubongo ndi meninges , si opatsirana mwachindunji. Komabe, matenda ena omwe amayambitsa matendawa akhoza kukhala. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi ambiri (monga kachilombo ka herpes simplex) omwe amayambitsa meningoencephalitis amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi kupita kwa wina.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?

Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a meningoencephalitis omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana.

Zinthu ndi zinthu zomwe zimafooketsa chitetezo chamthupi:

• Zaka: Ana osakwana zaka 5 ndi anthu opitirira zaka 65 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka. Makanda ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.
• Matenda a HIV (human immunodeficiency virus): Mwachitsanzo, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis nthawi zambiri imakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koopsa ka HIV.
• Kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi: Kwa anthu omwe adaikidwa ziwalo zina, kuikidwa maselo oyambira, kapena omwe akumwa mankhwala awa a matenda enaake odziteteza.
• Mankhwala a khansa ndi khansa: monga chemotherapy ndi radiation therapy.
• Matenda oyamba a chitetezo chamthupi (PIDD)
• Matenda ena a autoimmune: Zitsanzo ndi monga psoriasis, matenda a Crohn, ndi lupus.
• Vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mowa.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti chitetezo chanu cha mthupi ndi chofooka, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za njira zokhalira ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa matenda oopsa.

Kodi matenda a Meningoencephalitis amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro za meningoencephalitis, madokotala adzagwira ntchito mwachangu kuti atsimikizire matendawa. Adzakuyezani thupi ndi mayeso a mitsempha. Adzakufunsaninso za zizindikiro zanu, monga momwe zinayambira komanso nthawi yomwe zinayambira.

Nazi mayeso ena omwe amachitika kuti atsimikizire matendawa:

• Kuyesa madzi a m'thupi: Madzi osiyanasiyana a m'thupi, monga mkodzo, magazi, ndi malovu, amayesedwa kuti aone zizindikiro za matenda (monga kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera m'magazi). Mayesowa amathanso kuzindikira mtundu wa matenda.
• Kupopera kwa msana (kuboola lumbar): Mu mayesowa, dokotala wanu amaika singano yopyapyala m'munsi mwa msana wanu ndipo amatenga chitsanzo cha madzi a m'mitsempha (CSF). Madziwo amayesedwa mu labu kuti aone mabakiteriya, bowa, kapena maselo osazolowereka, komanso mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi. Mayeso a CSF awa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa meningoencephalitis ndi matenda ena, monga poizoni m'magazi kapena sepsis.
• Mayeso a EEG (electroencephalogram): EEG imayesa ndikulemba zizindikiro zamagetsi muubongo wanu. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito EEG kufufuza mavuto omwe ubongo umagwira ntchito kuti adziwe kapena kuwunika matenda a meningoencephalitis.
• Kujambula kwa CT: Kujambula kwa CT ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito X-ray ndi kompyuta kuti apange zithunzi zamkati mwa thupi lanu. Kungasonyeze mavuto monga magazi kuundana, kutupa, ndi matenda muubongo kapena meninges.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (magnetic resonance imaging):Kujambula kwa MRI ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito maginito akuluakulu, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kujambula zithunzi zatsatanetsatane. Monga CT scan, imatha kuwonetsa mavuto muubongo kapena meninges. MRI ndi yabwino kwa ana aang'ono chifukwa sigwiritsa ntchito ma radiation.

Kodi matenda a meningoencephalitis amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha vutoli chimasiyana malinga ndi chifukwa ndi kuopsa kwa vutoli. Nthawi zambiri, kugonekedwa kuchipatala ndikofunikira kuti munthu alandire chithandizo.

Njira zingapo zochizira:

• Mankhwala ochizira matenda oyamba ndi mavairasi: Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala opha mavairasi amafunika pa matenda a cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Mankhwala opha mavairasi, monga acyclovir, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a herpetic meningoencephalitis.
• Mankhwala oletsa khunyu: Mankhwala monga dilantin kapena phenytoin amaperekedwa kuti apewe kapena kuchiza khunyu lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi meningoencephalitis.
• Mankhwala a Corticosteroids ndi okodzetsa: Mankhwala a Corticosteroids, monga Decadron, angathandize kuchepetsa kutupa. Angathandizenso kupewa kutaya kumva komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha meningoencephalitis.
• Kutulutsa madzi m'mitsempha ya ubongo: Izi zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kupanikizika mkati mwa chigaza.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi/kapena ochepetsa ululu: Mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kutupa kwambiri.

Gulu la azachipatala lidzakuyang'anirani mosamala mukakhala m'chipatala. Iwo adzatenga njira zofunikira pamavuto kapena zovuta zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a meningoencephalitis amachira bwanji?

Kuyembekezeka kwa kuchira ku matendawa kumadalira chomwe chayambitsa matendawa, kuopsa kwake, komanso momwe chithandizo chimalandiridwira mwachangu.

Mwa iwo omwe adapulumuka cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, pafupifupi 69% ali ndi vuto la kuganiza (kuganiza) ndi/kapena kufooka kwa thupi miyezi 12 atapezeka ndi matendawa. Pakati pa 50% ndi 70% ya iwo omwe ali ndi herpetic meningoencephalitis amatha kudwala matenda a ubongo, matenda amitsempha, kapena chikomokere.

Komabe, anthu omwe matenda awo si aakulu kwambiri ndipo amalandira chithandizo msanga amakhala ndi mavuto ochepa.

Kodi Meningoencephalitis ingapewedwe?

Si milandu yonse ya meningoencephalitis yomwe ingapewedwe. Komabe, njira yabwino yochepetsera chiopsezo chanu ndikuyesetsa kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso kupewa mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi bowa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Nazi njira zina zomwe mungadzitetezere nokha ndi ena ku matenda:

• Sambani m'manja mwanu nthawi zonse ndi sopo.
• Phimbani pakamwa panu ndi mphuno yanu mukamatsokomola kapena kutsekula m'mimba.
• Tsukani malo omwe amakhudzidwa kawirikawiri (monga zogwirira zitseko, pamwamba pa tebulo) ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Chepetsani kapena siyani kucheza ndi anthu omwe akudwala matenda opatsirana, kaya inu kapena wina akudwala.
• Pewani kusamba kapena kumwa madzi omwe angakhale ndi majeremusi. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito madzi othirira m'mphuno, gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyeretsedwa kapena oyeretsedwa.
• Gwiritsani ntchito makondomu kuti mudziteteze ku matenda opatsirana pogonana (STIs) ndipo muyezetsedwe matenda opatsirana pogonana nthawi zonse.
• Valani chigoba m'malo afumbi, monga malo omangira nyumba, ndipo khalani m'nyumba nthawi yamkuntho ya fumbi. Ngati mukukhala m'dera lomwe matenda a bowa ndi ofala, samalani kwambiri.
• Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri, makamaka ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka (chosagwira ntchito bwino).
• Ngati mukupita kumayiko ena, phunzirani momwe mungadzitetezere ku matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'maiko amenewo.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Matenda a Meningoencephalitis ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa kwambiri. Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. Chithandizo choyambirira ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wopeza zotsatira zabwino. Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za momwe mungachepetsere chiopsezo chanu ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

` meningoencephalitis, matenda a ubongo, meningitis, encephalitis, malungo a ubongo, matenda a mitsempha, matenda opatsirana