Kodi nthawi zambiri mumadzimva otopa, muli ndi malungo osaneneka, komanso mumachepetsa thupi chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mafupa? Ngakhale izi zingawoneke ngati zinthu wamba, nthawi zina zomwe zimabisika kumbuyo kwa zizindikirozi zitha kukhala matenda omwe sitinamvepo zambiri ndipo tiyenera kuda nkhawa nawo pang'ono. Lero tikulankhula za matenda osowa koma ofunikira omwe tiyenera kudziwa. Izi zimatchedwa microscopic polyangiitis, kapena MPA monga momwe madokotala amatchulira.

Mwachidule, kodi Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, MPA ndi vuto lomwe mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono ndi yapakatikati (mitsempha yamagazi) m'thupi lathu imatupa, kutanthauza kuti, imatupa. Mu zamankhwala, nthawi zambiri timatcha kutupa kwa mitsempha yamagazi 'vasculitis'. Imeneyi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri.

Mitsempha yamagazi ikatupa motere, imayamba kuwononga ziwalo zomwe imapereka magazi. Ziwalo zazikulu zomwe zingakhudzidwe ndi MPA ndi izi:

• Impso
• Mapapu
• Mitsempha
• Khungu
• Malumikizidwe (malumikizidwe)

Kodi 'Vasculitis' ndi chiyani? Kodi imayambitsa chiyani?

Taganizirani za dongosolo la mitsempha ya magazi m'thupi lathu lonse ngati dongosolo la mapaipi omwe amanyamula madzi. Pamene mapaipi awa atupa kapena kutupa, mavuto angapo angachitike.

1. Kufooka kwa mitsempha yamagazi: Chifukwa cha kutupa, khoma la mitsempha yamagazi limakhala lofooka ndipo limatha kuphulika ngati baluni. Timatcha izi kuti ``(Aneurysm)``. Nthawi zina malo ofookawa amatha kuphulika ndikutuluka magazi m'minofu yozungulira.

2. Kuchepa kwa mitsempha yamagazi: Chinanso n'chakuti mitsempha yamagazi imatha kupapatiza chifukwa cha kutupa mkati mwake, ndipo nthawi zina kutsekeka kwathunthu. Kenako ziwalo zomwe zimalandira magazi ndi mpweya kuchokera ku mitsempha yamagaziyo zimayamba kuwonongeka. Monga momwe mtengo umafera ukasowa madzi.

Ndicho chimene chimachitika mu MPA. Chifukwa chakuti mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi imakhudzidwa, imawononga ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi magazi, monga impso ndi mapapo.

Ndani amadwala matendawa? Kodi chimayambitsa matendawa ndi chiyani?

Uwu ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, matendawa amakhudza anthu pakati pa 13 ndi 19 pa anthu miliyoni iliyonse padziko lonse lapansi. Amatha kufalikira pa msinkhu uliwonse ndipo amaoneka kuti amakhudza amuna ndi akazi mofanana.

Chifukwa chenicheni cha matendawa sichinadziwikebe, koma izi zikuonekeratu:

• Iyi si khansa.
• Si matenda opatsirana.
• Kawirikawiri si matenda obadwa nawo.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kwa chitetezo chamthupi mwathu. Mwachidule, chitetezo chamthupi, chomwe chimayenera kuteteza thupi lathu, chimayamba molakwika kuukira mitsempha yathu yamagazi. Ndicho chimene chimayambitsa kutupa kumeneku.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a MPA ndi ziti?

Popeza MPA imakhudza ziwalo zingapo, zizindikiro zimatha kukhala zosiyanasiyana, ndipo zimatha kusiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?

Kuzindikira matenda a MPA si njira imodzi yokha. Dokotala ayenera kuphatikiza zinthu zingapo kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake.

• Mudzafunsidwa zambiri: Dokotala adzamvetsera mosamala zizindikiro zanu, momwe zinayambira, komanso mbiri yanu yachipatala.
• Kuwunika thupi: Dokotala wanu adzawunika thupi lanu kuti aone ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa.
• Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Kuyezetsa magazi kumayang'ana makamaka antibody yotchedwa ``(ANCA - Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies)``. Izi zitha kukhala zabwino m'matenda monga MPA. Komanso, kuyang'ana mkodzo ngati muli mapuloteni ndi maselo ofiira a magazi ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe momwe impso zilili.
• Kujambula: Kujambula kwa X-ray, CT scan, kapena MRI scans zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zolakwika m'ziwalo monga mapapo.
• Kufufuza za matenda: Ngati mukukayikira kuti matendawa ndi owopsa, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera pamalo omwe akhudzidwa (monga impso, khungu) ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yotsimikizira ngati muli ndi vasculitis.

Kodi mankhwala a MPA ndi otani?

Cholinga chachikulu chochiza MPA ndikuwongolera kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi. Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

Matendawa akakula kwambiri

Ngati ziwalo zazikulu monga impso ndi mapapo zakhudzidwa kwambiri, corticosteroids nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena amphamvu oletsa chitetezo chamthupi monga Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan®) kapena Rituximab (Rituxan®).

Ngati matendawa si oopsa kwambiri

Mu milandu yochepa kwambiri, corticosteroids ndi methotrexate zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyamba.

Cholinga cha chithandizo ndikuwongolera matendawa kwathunthu ndikupangitsa kuti asagwire ntchito. Izi zimatchedwa kupita ku 'kukhululukidwa'. Matendawa akatha, dokotalayo amachepetsa pang'onopang'ono mlingo wa mankhwala a steroid.

Mankhwala amphamvu monga `Cyclophosphamide` amaperekedwa pokhapokha ngati matendawa atha (pafupifupi miyezi 3-6). Pambuyo pake, mumasinthidwa kukhala `Maintenance Medication`, monga `Azathioprine (Imuran®)` kapena `Mycophenolate Mofetil (Cellcept®)`, kuti matendawa asamavutike komanso kuti asabwererenso. Chithandizo chosamalirachi chingafunike kumwedwa kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri.

Kodi muli ndi mantha onena kuti, "Awa ndi mankhwala a khansa, eti?"

Anthu ambiri ali ndi funso apa. Mankhwala otchedwa `Cyclophosphamide` ndi `Methotrexate` amaperekedwanso pa khansa, kotero amati awa ndi mankhwala a `Chemotherapy`. Inde, awa amaperekedwanso pa khansa. Koma mlingo woperekedwa wa `Vasculitis` ndi wocheperapo nthawi 10-100 kuposa mlingo woperekedwa wa khansa. Pano, ntchito ya mankhwala awa si kupha maselo a khansa, koma kuwongolera momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwirira ntchito.

Kodi moyo udzakhala bwanji ndi matendawa?

Ngakhale kuti MPA ndi matenda oopsa, ndi chithandizo choyenera, anthu ambiri amatha kuwongolera vutoli bwino. Zotsatira zake zimasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa. Komabe, kawirikawiri, anthu opitilira 80% amakhala ndi moyo ndipo ali ndi zaka 5 atapezeka ndi matendawa.

Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo msanga kungathandize kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo. Ndikofunikanso kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse.

Matendawa akatha kuthetsedwa, kutanthauza kuti, akayamba "Kukhululukidwa" nthawi zina amatha kubwereranso. Timatcha izi kuti "Kubwerera m'mbuyo". Pafupifupi 50% ya odwala amakumana ndi matenda amtunduwu. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo za zizindikiro zatsopano zomwe mwakhala nazo.