Kodi mulinso ndi vuto lopuma movutikira? Kodi muli ndi chifuwa chosatha? Ichi chikhoza kukhala Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM)

Kodi nthawi zina mumavutika kupuma mukakwera masitepe kapena kuyenda mofulumira pang'ono? Kapena mumamva ngati mwana wanu akuvutika kupuma pang'ono mukamayamwitsa? Kodi mumadandaulanso ndi zinthu monga chifuwa chosatha kapena phokoso lachilendo lochokera m'chifuwa mwanu? Ngakhale pali zifukwa zambiri za zinthuzi, monga mphumu, lero tikambirana za vuto lomwe palibe aliyense wa ife amene adamvapo zambiri, koma lomwe lingakhale lofunika kwambiri. Ilo ndi Tracheobronchomalacia, kapena TBM mwachidule.

Mwachidule, kodi Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) ndi chiyani?

Ngakhale kuti mawu amenewa angaoneke ngati aatali komanso achilendo, tanthauzo lake ndi losavuta. Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) ndi vuto lomwe makoma a trachea ndi bronchi, zomwe ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu za dongosolo lathu lopumira, zimakhala zofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machubu amenewa azitsekeka ndi kutsekedwa tikamapuma, makamaka tikamapuma kapena kutsokomola.

Tangoganizani kuti chitoliro chathu cha mphepo chili ngati chitoliro cha pulasitiki chomwe chimanyamula madzi. Ngati makoma a chitolirochi ndi olimba, palibe vuto pamene madzi akudutsa. Koma ngati makoma a chitolirocho ndi ofooka kwambiri, madzi amatha kulowa mu chitolirocho akamayenda mofulumira, sichoncho? Ndicho chimene chimachitika mu TBM. Pamene ziwalo zolimba zotchedwa cartilage m'makoma a chitoliro cha mphepo ndi trachea zifooka, machubu awa amatsekedwa ndi kutsekedwa pamene mpweya ukuyenda mofulumira. Pamenepo ndi pamene zimakhala zovuta kupuma, kutsokomola kumachitika, ndipo phokoso limachokera pachifuwa.

Vutoli likhoza kukhala lobadwa nalo (Congenital TBM) , kutanthauza kuti mwana amabadwa ndi kufooka kumeneku. Kwa ena, likhoza kupezeka (Acquired TBM), kutanthauza kuti limatha kukula pa moyo wake wonse chifukwa cha matenda ena, mankhwala, kapena zifukwa zina zakunja.

Kodi zizindikiro za TBM ndi ziti?

Zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyana pang'ono kutengera ngati vutoli lilipo pobadwa kapena limayamba pambuyo pake. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro za zonsezi padera.

Nchifukwa chiyani vutoli la TBM limachitika?

Monga tafotokozera kale, zifukwa zake zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri.

1. TBM Yoyamba/Yobadwa Nayo

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mwana angabadwire ndi vutoli:

• Matenda a Idiopathic TBM: Ana ena amabadwa ndi minyewa yofooka mu trachea popanda chifukwa chomveka.
• Mphete za Mitsempha: Izi zimachitika pamene mtsempha waukulu wa magazi wa mwana (aorta) wochokera mumtima umapanga molakwika ndikuzungulira trachea pamene ikukula m'mimba. Mtsempha wamagazi uwu umakankhira trachea, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ifooke.
• Matenda ena a majini: Matenda obadwa nawo monga Hunter syndrome, Hurler syndrome, ndi Ehlers-Danlos syndrome amatha kufooketsa minyewa ya m'thupi. Izi zingakhudzenso njira zopumira.
• Kubadwa msanga: Makanda obadwa asanakwanitse milungu 37 akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a chifuwa chachikulu (TBM) chifukwa njira zawo zopumira mpweya sizikukula mokwanira.

2. TBM yomwe imachitika munthu ali ndi moyo (TBM yachiwiri/yomwe yapezeka)

Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe vutoli lingachitikire munthu wamkulu.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuwonana ndi dokotala. Dokotalayo adzakuyang'anirani bwino ndikukufunsani inu ndi mwana wanu za zizindikiro zanu. Adzakufunsani mafunso ambiri, monga ngati nthawi zambiri mumadwala chimfine komanso ngati muli ndi matenda ena opumira.

Pambuyo pake, mayeso angapo angachitike kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

• Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo: Izi zimayesa momwe mapapu anu amatha kulandirira ndi kutulutsa mpweya.
• Bronchoscopy: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yolondola yotsimikizira TBM. Pachifukwa ichi, chubu chopyapyala, chokhala ndi kamera chimayikidwa kudzera pakamwa kapena mphuno kuti chiwone mkati mwa payipi ya mpweya ndi bronchi. Dokotala amatha kuwona kuchuluka kwa payipi ya mpweya yomwe yatsekedwa pokupemphani kuti mupume mpweya ndikutsokomola.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Kujambula kwa Computed Tomography): Izi zingathandize kudziwa ngati TBM yayamba chifukwa cha chinthu china kapena ngati pali kusintha kwa mawonekedwe a mpweya.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi momwe TBM yakhudzira inu kapena mwana wanu. Si aliyense amene angafunike opaleshoni.

1. Mankhwala ndi zida zothandizira

• Chithandizo cha matenda: Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi matenda opatsirana m'mapapo pafupipafupi, mungapatsidwe mankhwala monga maantibayotiki .
• Njira zoyamwitsira mwana: Ngati mwana wanu akuvutika kupuma pamene akuyamwitsa, dokotala wanu kapena namwino adzakuphunzitsani momwe mungasinthire malo kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta.
• Kubwezeretsa M'mapapo: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuphunzitsa masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira kuti athetse zizindikiro.
• Makina a CPAP kapena BiPAP®: Awa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira. Amapereka mpweya pamphamvu inayake kudzera mu chigoba chomwe chimakwanira pankhope, zomwe zimathandiza kuti njira yodutsa mpweya ikhale yotseguka komanso kuti isatsekeke.
• Ma Vesti Ogwira Pakhosi Akunja: Zimakhala zovuta kutsokomola mamina mukakhala ndi TBM. Ichi ndi chipangizo chomwe mumavala ngati chovala. Mukachilumikiza ku makina, chimagwedezeka mofulumira, kumasula mamina pachifuwa panu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutsokomola kukhale kosavuta.
• Nebulizer: Chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mankhwala amadzimadzi kukhala nthunzi yofewa yomwe imatha kupumidwa kudzera mu chigoba. Izi zimatha kutumiza mankhwalawa mwachindunji ku mapapo.

2. Opaleshoni

Pa milandu ina yoopsa, opaleshoni ingafunike.

• Kuyeza kwa bronchoscopy ndi malo oika stent: Kuyeza kwa bronchoscopy kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chithandizo. Mu njirayi, chubu chaching'ono cha pulasitiki kapena chachitsulo (stent) chimayikidwa munjira yolowera mpweya kuti chotsekekacho chikhale chotseguka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakanthawi.
• Kutsegula m'mimba mwa tracheobronchitis:Mu njira imeneyi, kapangidwe konga ukonde kamayikidwa opaleshoni kunja kwa trachea ndikusokedwa pamalo ake. Ukonde uwu umapatsa mphamvu yowonjezera trachea, zomwe zimachepetsa chiopsezo chake chogwa.
• Tracheopexy: Opaleshoni iyi imaphatikizapo kusoka khoma lakumbuyo la mphuno lofooka kupita ku mitsempha yolimba ya msana. Izi zimaletsa gawolo kuti lisagwere mkati mukapuma.

Popeza awa ndi maopaleshoni akuluakulu, pali zoopsa monga kutuluka magazi ambiri, kuundana kwa magazi, ndi matenda a zilonda . Ngati opaleshoni ikuvomerezedwa, dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zonsezi bwino.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji ndi matenda a TBM?

Ngati mwana ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu (TBM):

Pamene mwana akukula, khungu la m'mapapo limakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro zimatha kuchepa pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala komanso chithandizo china zimafunika kuyambira ali mwana. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuteteza mwana ku matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi.

Ngati munthu wamkulu ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu (TBM):

TBM mwa akuluakulu nthawi zambiri ndi matenda osatha omwe amatha kuipiraipira pakapita nthawi . Zizindikiro zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi kuchepa thupi ndi matenda ena. Opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala yothandiza. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi TBM alinso ndi matenda ena, monga mphumu ndi COPD, kotero amafunika kuyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wa kupuma kwa moyo wawo wonse.

Kodi vutoli lingapewedwe?

Palibe njira yopewera matenda a TBM obadwa nawo. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a TBM mwa akuluakulu.

• Pewani kusuta fodya komanso kukhala pafupi ndi anthu omwe amasuta.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda monga mphumu, COPD, kapena GERD, tengani chithandizo choyenera ndipo lamulirani matendawa bwino.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera.
• Ngati ntchito yanu ikuphatikizapo kukhudzana ndi mpweya wapoizoni, tsatirani njira zoyenera zodzitetezera.

Ngati mukuvutika kupuma nthawi zonse kapena mukuvutika kuganiza kuti ndi chimfine, musaganize kuti ndi chimfine, koma pitani kwa dokotala kuti mukayezetse. Matendawa akapezeka msanga, mwayi wopeza zotsatira zabwino kuchokera ku chithandizo umakhala wabwino.