Kodi thupi lanu likumva lopanda moyo? Kodi ndi Myasthenia Gravis (MG)? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kutopa kwambiri komanso kusakhala ndi moyo pamene tsiku likupitirira? Makamaka pamene maso anu akumva ngati akutseka, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kulankhula, kudya, kapena kukweza mkono kapena mwendo? Zinthu izi zitha kukhala zoposa kutopa kokha. Lero tikambirana za Myasthenia Gravis , kapena (MG) mwachidule, vuto lomwe ndi lovuta pang'ono, koma lingathe kuthandizidwa bwino ngati litayendetsedwa bwino .

Kodi Myasthenia Gravis ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Myasthenia gravis ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi . Kodi ndi chiyani? N'zosavuta kwambiri. Tili ndi chitetezo chamthupi m'thupi lathu. Zili ngati gulu lankhondo m'thupi lathu. Ntchito yake ndi kutiteteza polimbana ndi majeremusi ndi matenda ochokera kunja. Koma, nthawi zina gulu lankhondoli limalakwitsa pang'ono. Limaganiza kuti ngakhale maselo athanzi m'thupi lathu ndi mdani. Kenako limayamba kuukira maselo athanziwo. Ndicho chimene chimachitika mu myasthenia gravis.

Izi zimakhudza kwambiri minofu ya mafupa . Ndiko kuti, minofu yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi mafupa athu ndipo imatithandiza kuyenda. Taganizirani izi, mukukweza dzanja lanu, mukuphethira maso anu, mukuyankhula, mukuseka, mukudya, mumayenda... Minofu imeneyi imathandiza pa zonsezi. Mwa munthu amene ali ndi myasthenia gravis, minofu imeneyi imakhala yofooka komanso yopanda moyo.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti kufooka kwa minofu kumawonjezeka mukamagwira ntchito komanso mukuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kumachepa mukapuma pang’ono . Ngakhale mutakhala bwino mukadzuka m’mawa, tsiku likamapita ndipo mukamagwira ntchito yanu, pang’onopang’ono mumatopa kwambiri ndipo minofu yanu imafooka.

Uwu ndi matenda osatha , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sungathe pakapita nthawi yochepa. Koma musadandaule, pali mankhwala abwino okuthandizani kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino .

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Kodi n’chiyani chikuchitika mkati mwa matupi athu?

Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tangoganizani mukuonera masewera a cricket.

Mitsempha yathu ndiyo imatumiza mauthenga ku minofu.

Minofu yathu ndiyo imakoka uthenga. Iwo ndi omwe amakoka uthengawo.

Malo omwe mauthenga awiriwa amatumizirana mauthenga amatchedwa malo olumikizirana mitsempha ndi minofu .

Tsopano, pamene mitsempha ikufunika kutumiza uthenga ku minofu, mitsempha imatulutsa mankhwala otchedwa acetylcholine (iyi ndi mpira). Minofu ili ndi malo apadera ogwirira acetylcholine iyi, yotchedwa acetylcholine receptors (iyi ndi glove ya wosunga).

Monga momwe mpira ukagunda magolovesi, minofu imakokana, kutanthauza kuti, imayamba kugwira ntchito, pamene acetylcholine ikupita ndikumangirira ku ma receptor amenewo. Izi zimachitika mwachangu kwambiri, popanda kusokoneza kulikonse, m'thupi la munthu wathanzi.

Koma, chomwe chimachitika mwa munthu amene ali ndi myasthenia gravis ndichakuti chitetezo chamthupi chomwe tidalankhula kale chimawononga kapena kuletsa ma acetylcholine receptors (magolovesi ogwirira) . Kenako uthenga (mpira) wochokera ku mitsempha sungagwidwe bwino ndi minofu (wosunga). Kulankhulana kwa uthenga kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kwambiri, kapena ayi konse. Ndicho chifukwa chake minofu imakhala yofooka. Kodi mukumvetsa?

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya myasthenia gravis?

Inde, pali mitundu ingapo makamaka:

• Myasthenia ya Autoimmune: Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Monga tafotokozera kale, imayamba chifukwa cha kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa chitetezo chamthupi. Ngakhale kuti chifukwa chenicheni cha izi sichikudziwika, akukhulupirira kuti imayamba chifukwa cha kupanga mitundu ina ya ma antibodies .
• Matenda a myasthenia a makanda: Izi zimachitika mwana akalandira ma antibodies enaake kuchokera kwa mayi yemwe ali ndi matenda a myasthenia gravis panthawi ya mimba. Mwana akangobadwa, amakhala ndi kulira kofewa pang'ono komanso kuvutika kuyamwa. Komabe, izi zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino pakatha miyezi itatu.
• Myasthenia yobadwa nayo: Iyi si vuto la autoimmune. Ndi mtundu wosowa womwe umayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini .

Palinso mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya autoimmune myasthenia gravis:

1. Kutupa kwa maso: Pachifukwa ichi, minofu yomwe imasuntha maso ndikukweza maso imafooka. Makope amatha kugwa (ptosis) , kapena zingakhale zovuta kusunga maso otseguka. Anthu ena amathanso kuona zinthu ziwiri (kuona kawiri). Nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro choyamba cha myasthenia ndi kufooka m'maso . Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu uwu wa myasthenia ya maso pambuyo pake adzayamba mtundu wina.

2. Kupweteka kwa minofu m'maso: Pachifukwa ichi, kuwonjezera pa minofu ya maso, minofu ya nkhope, khosi, manja, miyendo, ndi pakhosi imafookanso. Zingakhale zovuta kulankhula, kumeza chakudya, kukweza manja anu, kudzuka pampando, kuyenda mtunda wautali, ndikukwera masitepe.

Kodi zizindikiro za myasthenia gravis ndi ziti?

Ngakhale zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana, zodziwika kwambiri ndi izi:

• Kufooka kwa minofu m'manja, zala, miyendo, ndi khosi.
• Kutopa kwambiri (kutopa) .
• Chikope chopindika (ptosis) .
• Kuona zinthu mopanda kuona bwino kapena mopanda kuona bwino .
• Kuvuta kusonyeza nkhope (monga kusatha kumwetulira bwino, kupanga nkhope).
• Kuvuta kulankhula, kumeza, kapena kutafuna . Mwachitsanzo, mawu anu angasinthe pang'onopang'ono mukamalankhula, zomwe zingakupangitseni kumveka ngati mukulankhula ndi mawu osamveka bwino.
• Kuyenda movutikira .

Zizindikiro zoyamba za myasthenia gravis zimatha kuwoneka mwadzidzidzi. Monga tanenera kale, minofu yanu imafooka mukakhala ndi zochita zambiri, ndipo imapezanso mphamvu mukapuma . Kuopsa kwa kufooka kwa minofu kumeneku kumatha kusiyana tsiku ndi tsiku. Anthu ambiri amamva bwino kumayambiriro kwa tsiku ndipo amakhala ofooka kwambiri kumapeto.

Kawirikawiri, myasthenia gravis ingakhudzenso minofu ya dongosolo lopumira . Izi zingayambitse kupuma movutikira kapena mavuto akulu opumira. Ngati mukumva ngati mukuvutika kupuma, ndi zadzidzidzi. Muyenera kupita kuchipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo. Izi nthawi zambiri sizimachitika nthawi imodzi.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha izi?

Ngakhale kuti myasthenia gravis imatha kufalikira pa msinkhu uliwonse, nthawi zambiri imapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi osakwana zaka 40 komanso amuna opitirira zaka 60 .

Mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Ngati muli ndi matenda ena odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune (monga nyamakazi, lupus).
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a chithokomiro .

Ngati muli kale ndi myasthenia gravis, zinthu zina zingapangitse kuti zizindikiro zanu zikhale zovuta kwambiri:

• Mankhwala ena a malungo ndi matenda a mtima.
• Kuchitidwa opaleshoni .
• Matenda .

Kodi pali mgwirizano wotani pakati pa thymus gland ndi myasthenia gravis?

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi myasthenia gravis ali ndi vuto ndi thymus gland yawo . Thymus gland ndi chiwalo chaching'ono chomwe chili pamwamba pa chifuwa chathu, pansi pa fupa la pachifuwa. Ndi gawo la dongosolo lathu la lymphatic. Ndi chiwalo chomwe chimapanga maselo oyera amagazi ndipo chimathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda.

Pafupifupi anthu awiri mwa atatu omwe ali ndi myasthenia gravis ali ndi thymic hyperplasia , vuto lomwe thymus gland imagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu m'modzi mwa anthu khumi aliwonse amakhala ndi zotupa mu thymus gland zotchedwa thymomas . Izi zitha kukhala khansa kapena zosavulaza. Akuganiza kuti zovuta izi mu thymus gland zimathandiza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chisagwire bwino ntchito.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha myasthenia gravis ndi ati?

Vuto lalikulu ndi matenda otchedwa myasthenic crisis . Pachifukwa ichi, minofu yomwe imakuthandizani kupuma imafooka kwambiri. Kenako, mungafunike china chake ngati makina (respirator/mechanical ventilation) kuti akuthandizeni kupuma. Ichi ndi vuto lachipatala lomwe lingakhale pachiwopsezo.Akuti pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu asanu omwe ali ndi myasthenia gravis adzakumana ndi vutoli kamodzi pa moyo wawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, kufooka kwa minofu ndi kutopa kumeneku kungakulepheretseni kutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zomwe mumakonda. Kungayambitsenso kupsinjika maganizo ndi kuvutika maganizo . Komabe, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a myasthenia gravis amatha kuchita zinthu zopepuka komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda a myasthenia gravis?

Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira izi atamva zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyesani thupi, adzakuyesani mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire izi:

• Mayeso a ma antibodies m'magazi: Pafupifupi 85% ya anthu omwe ali ndi myasthenia gravis ali ndi ma antibodies ambiri a acetylcholine receptor m'magazi awo. Ena 6% ali ndi ma antibodies ku minofu-specific kinase (MuSK) .
• Kujambula zithunzi: Kujambula zithunzi pogwiritsa ntchito MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kapena CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) kumachitika kuti aone ngati pali mavuto monga zotupa mu thymus gland.
• Electromyography (EMG): Kuyesa kumeneku kumayesa momwe minofu ndi mitsempha zimagwirira ntchito. Kumatha kuzindikira mavuto okhudzana ndi kulumikizana pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu.

Madokotala amagawa matenda a myasthenia gravis malinga ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa. Kawirikawiri pali magulu asanu (Kalasi I - V). Kalasi I ndi matenda ofatsa omwe amakhudza maso okha, pomwe Kalasi V ndi matenda oopsa omwe amakhudza kupuma, nthawi zina amafunika kulowetsedwa m'chubu kapena kupumira mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito makina .

Kodi chithandizo cha myasthenia gravis ndi chiyani?

Palibe mankhwala a myasthenia gravis, koma pali mankhwala othandiza omwe angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

• Mankhwala:
• Mankhwala oletsa cholinesterase / anticholinesterase: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito popititsa patsogolo kulumikizana pakati pa mitsempha ndi minofu, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya minofu.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa kwa Thupi: Mankhwala monga corticosteroids amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa chitetezo cha mthupi ndikuchepetsa kupanga ma antibodies olakwika.
• Ma antibodies a monoclonal: Awa ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi bioengineered. Amaperekedwa ngati jakisoni wa m'mitsempha (IV) kapena ngati jakisoni wa subcutaneous (SQ) . Amalamulira kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Kusinthana kwa plasma / plasmapheresis: Makina amachotsa plasma m'magazi, omwe ali ndi ma antibodies oopsa, ndikuisintha ndi plasma kapena plasma yankho kuchokera kwa wopereka.
• Immunoglobulin yoperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena pansi pa thupi (IV kapena SQ Immunoglobulin - IVIG kapena SCIG): Ma antibodies ochokera kwa opereka amaperekedwa kudzera mu jakisoni wa m'mitsempha (IV) kwa masiku awiri kapena asanu. Ichi ndi chithandizo cha vuto la myasthenic komanso myasthenia gravis.
• Opaleshoni: Thymectomy ndi opaleshoni yochotsa thymus gland. Opaleshoni iyi ikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi thymoma, komanso anthu omwe alibe chotupa cha thymus.

Mankhwala onsewa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina, choncho lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu musanayambe kumwa mankhwala atsopano.

Kodi ndingachite chiyani kunyumba kuti ndichepetse zizindikiro?

Ngati muli ndi myasthenia gravis, yesani izi kuti muchepetse kutopa komwe mumamva ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya minofu:

• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Koma pokhapokha mutakambirana ndi dokotala wanu, yambani pulogalamu yolimbitsa thupi yomwe ingakukomereni. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumalimbitsa minofu, kumawongolera momwe mukumvera, komanso kumapatsa thupi lanu mphamvu.
• Pewani kutuluka kunja kutentha kwambiri: Kutentha kumatha kukulitsa zizindikiro. Mukamva kutentha kwambiri, ikani nsalu yoviikidwa m'madzi ozizira pakhosi ndi pamphumi panu.
• Phatikizani mapuloteni ndi chakudya chopatsa mphamvu zambiri mu chakudya chanu: Zimapatsa thupi mphamvu yowonjezera.
• Chitani ntchito zomwe zimakutopetsa kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa tsiku: nthawi imeneyo mumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
• Pumulani pang'ono masana: Izi zipatsa thupi lanu mpumulo pang'ono.

Kodi tsogolo la myasthenia gravis ndi lotani? (Outlook)

Myasthenia gravis ndi matenda ochiritsika . Zizindikiro zimatha kukhala zofatsa mpaka zowopsa. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimafika pachimake mkati mwa chaka chimodzi kapena zitatu kuchokera pamene matendawa adapezeka koyamba.

Anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo wodzaza ndi zochita zambiri komanso wotanganidwa ndi chithandizo.

Nthawi zina matendawa amatha kuchira . Izi zikutanthauza kuti zizindikiro zimatha kwakanthawi. Izi zitha kukhala zakanthawi kapena zosatha. Ngati izi zitachitika, dokotala wanu adzasintha dongosolo lanu la chithandizo.

Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a myasthenia gravis amakhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino . Zotsatira zake zoopsa zimachitika pokhapokha ngati kupuma kwakhudzidwa, monga vuto la myasthenia lomwe takambirana.

Myasthenia gravis ndi mimba

Nthawi zina, mimba ingayambitse zizindikiro za myasthenia gravis kuonekera koyamba. Ngati muli kale ndi vutoli, zizindikiro zanu zimatha kukulirakulira mkati mwa trimester yoyamba ya mimba kapena mutatha kubereka mwana. Komabe, nthawi zina, zizindikiro zanu zimatha kukulirakulira panthawi ya mimba.

Mankhwala ena si abwino panthawi ya mimba ndi kuyamwitsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufunafuna malangizo a dokotala wanu panthawiyi kuti mukhale ndi mimba yabwino.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Pitani kwa dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:

• Kuona zinthu molakwika kapena kuona zinthu ziwiri.
• Kuvutika kuyenda, kulankhula, kapena kudya.
• Kutopa kwambiri kwa minofu kapena kufooka.
• Kuvuta kupuma.

Kumbukirani, ngati mukuvutika kupuma, ndi zadzidzidzi! Imbani 911 (nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi) nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mungathe kufunsa dokotala mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa zizindikiro zimenezi?
• Kodi njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira ndi iti?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
• Ndi kusintha kotani kwa moyo komwe ndiyenera kusintha?
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuyang'ana pokhudzana ndi zovuta?
• Kodi ndingayambitse pulogalamu yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi mosamala?
• Kodi pali gulu lothandizira odwala lomwe ndingathe kulowa nawo?

Pomaliza, zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Myasthenia Gravis ikhoza kukhala vuto lovuta. Ngakhale mukufuna kukhala ndi zochita zambiri, nthawi zina mungamve kutopa kwambiri komanso kufooka. Izi zingakhudze thanzi lanu la maganizo ndi thupi pakapita nthawi.

Koma kumbukirani, ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala, ndi chithandizo, anthu ambiri amatha kukhala ndi moyo wodzaza ndi zochita zambiri. Kulemala kwakukulu chifukwa cha myasthenia gravis n'kosowa. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni njira zothanirana ndi zizindikiro zanu kuti mukhale bwino. Musachite mantha, ndipo musayese kuthana ndi vutoli nokha. Tsatirani upangiri wa dokotala wanu ndikupeza thandizo lomwe mukufuna. Ndikukufunirani kuti muchire mwachangu!

Myasthenia Gravis, Myasthenia Gravis, Kufooka kwa minofu, Matenda a autoimmune, Acetylcholine, Thymus gland, Neuromuscular junction