Kodi miyendo yanu yatupa? Kodi mkodzo wanu uli ndi thovu? Izi zitha kukhala Membranous Nephropathy (MN).

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo kuti miyendo ndi akakolo anu amatupa? Kapena munayamba mwaonapo kuti mukamakodza, mumakhala thovu? Izi si zizindikiro zongonyalanyaza. Zingakhale zizindikiro zakuti pali vuto ndi impso zanu. Lero tikambirana za vuto losowa koma lofunika kwambiri lomwe limakhudza impso zanu. Limenelo limatchedwa Membranous Nephropathy (MN).

Kodi Membranous Nephropathy (MN) ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Membranous Nephropathy (MN) ndi matenda omwe chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, chomwe chimakutetezani ku matenda, chimaukira impso zanu. Kodi sizodabwitsa? Chitetezo chathu chikutiukira.

Tsopano onani, mkati mwa impso zathu, muli mafyuluta ang'onoang'ono mamiliyoni ambiri omwe amayeretsa magazi. Timatcha ma glomeruli awa. Monga chotsukira tiyi, ma glomeruli awa amasefa zinyalala zosafunikira m'magazi ndikuzitulutsa m'thupi ngati mkodzo. Ntchito ina ya mafyuluta awa ndikusunga zinthu zofunika monga mapuloteni omwe thupi limafunikira m'magazi.

Chomwe chimachitika kwa munthu amene ali ndi MN ndichakuti chitetezo cha mthupi, monga ndanenera, chimaukira ndikuwononga ma fyuluta otchedwa glomeruli. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kukachitika, mabowo omwe ali mu ma fyulutawo amakula. Kenako mapuloteni omwe thupi limafunikira amayamba kusefa kudzera mu fyulutayo ndikutuluka ndi mkodzo. Ili ndiye vuto lalikulu la matendawa.

Vutoli lingabwere mwadzidzidzi, kapena lingayambe pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Nthawi zina, anthu sangadziwe kuti ali ndi vutoli kwa zaka zambiri.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matendawa.

Timagawa vutoli la Membranous Nephropathy (MN) m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Kugawa kumeneku kumachitika kutengera chifukwa chake.

Kodi inunso muli ndi zizindikiro izi?

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a MN zimayambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni omwe amatuluka mu mkodzo, monga ndanenera kale. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha kusonkhanitsa kwa zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matendawa Nephrotic Syndrome .

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:

• Kutupa: Kutupa, makamaka m'miyendo, m'mapazi, m'mapazi, ndipo nthawi zina nkhope ndi m'manja. Kutupa kumeneku kumachitika pamene mapuloteni m'magazi achepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi m'mitsempha yamagazi atuluke m'mitsempha.
• Mkodzo wochuluka wa thovu (Proteinuria): Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo, ungawoneke ngati thovu, ngati madzi a sopo.
• Kutopa kwambiri: Mungathe kumva kutopa nthawi zonse chifukwa thupi lanu likutaya mphamvu ndi zakudya zomwe limafunikira.
• Kulemera mwadzidzidzi: Izi sizikukulirakulira kwenikweni, koma kulemera chifukwa cha kusunga madzi.
• Cholesterol yambiri: Pamene kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'magazi kumachepa, chiwindi chathu chimapanga mafuta ambiri ndi cholesterol kuti chibwezeretsedwe.
• Kuthamanga kwa Magazi Kwambiri: Kuthamanga kwa Magazi kumatha kukwera impso zikalephera kugwira ntchito.
• Kuvuta kupuma: Vutoli lingachitike ngati madzi asonkhana mozungulira mapapo.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti?

Zifukwa zake zimasiyananso malinga ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe takambirana kale.

Chifukwa cha MN yoyamba

Ndinati MN yoyamba ndi vuto la autoimmune. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndichakuti chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimazindikira molakwika puloteni yapadera yotchedwa phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) mu zosefera impso (glomeruli) ngati "mdani." Kenako, imapanga ma antibodies kuti awononge puloteni iyi ya PLA2R ndikuyiukira. Nkhondo imeneyi ndi yomwe imapangitsa kuti zoseferazo ziwonongeke komanso kuti puloteniyo ituluke.

Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse MN yachiwiri

MN yachiwiri ndi zotsatira za chinthu china. Nazi zina zomwe zingakhudze izi:

• Matenda ena odziteteza ku matenda: Matenda monga Lupus ndi Rheumatoid Arthritis.
• Matenda: Matenda monga Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Malaria, ndi Syphilis.
• Khansa: Makamaka khansa ya m'mapapo ndi m'matumbo.
• Mankhwala:Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga mankhwala ochepetsa ululu (NSAIDs) ndi penicillamine kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Poizoni: Kukhudzidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera monga mercury.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Ngati MN sichithandizidwe bwino, mavuto aakulu amatha kuchitika pakapita nthawi.

• Kuopsa kwa cholesterol yambiri ndi matenda a mtima: Kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda monga matenda a mtima ndi sitiroko.
• Magazi amaundana: Mapuloteni akamatuluka mu mkodzo, mapuloteni omwe amaletsa magazi kuundana amatulukanso m'thupi. Izi zingayambitse magazi kuundana m'mitsempha ya miyendo. Timatcha izi Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) . Ngati magazi amaundanawa atuluka n'kukakamira mumtsempha m'mapapo, ndi vuto lalikulu komanso loopsa lomwe limatchedwa Pulmonary Embolism (PE) .
• Kulephera kwa Impso: Ngati matendawa sakulamuliridwa, kuwonongeka kwa impso kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo pamapeto pake impso zimatha kulephera kwathunthu.

Kodi dokotala amapeza bwanji izi?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, dokotala wa banja lanu adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa impso (Nephrologist). Adzachita mayeso angapo kuti adziwe matendawa molondola.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa MN womwe muli nawo komanso momwe zizindikiro zanu zilili zoopsa. Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuletsa matendawa kuti asakule kwambiri.

Chimodzi mwa zotsatirazi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chithandizo:

• Mankhwala oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi: Mankhwala monga ACE inhibitors ndi ARBs amawongolera kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso amachepetsa kutuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kutuluka kwa Madzi: Mankhwalawa amatchedwanso "mapiritsi amadzi." Amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa mwa kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi monga mkodzo.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa cholesterol (Statins): Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa magazi: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto monga DVT.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa kwa Mthupi: Mankhwala monga corticosteroids amaperekedwa kuti achepetse mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi ndikuyesera kuletsa kuti chisaukire impso.
• Kusintha zakudya: Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchepetsa kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mchere wambiri ndi mafuta ambiri . Dokotala wanu adzakulangizani za zakudya zoyenera.

Ngati njira zochiritsira izi sizikwanira kuletsa matendawa, dokotalayo angapitirire ndi njira zamphamvu kwambiri zotchedwa immunotherapy . Mankhwala monga Rituximab ndi Cyclophosphamide amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo omwe amapanga ma antibodies omwe amaukira impso.

Kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a MN achiwiri, kuchiza chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa (monga matenda a chiwindi, lupus) kungathetse kapena kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa impso.

Kodi moyo uli bwanji ndi matendawa?

Matendawa amasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Kwa anthu ena, matendawa amatha kwathunthu popanda chithandizo chamankhwala chochuluka kapena osalandira chithandizo chilichonse. Kwa ena, matendawa amakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri.

Gawo labwino kwambiri ndilakuti anthu osakwana 15% omwe ali ndi matenda a MN amalephera kugwira ntchito ya impso, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ambiri amatha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino akalandira chithandizo.

Koma chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti matendawa amatha kubwereranso ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupita kuzipatala ndikuyezetsa nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa monga momwe dokotala wanu wa matenda a nephrologist wanenera. Kenako, ngati pali zizindikiro za matendawa, chithandizo chimayamba nthawi yomweyo.