Kodi MOGAD ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tiphunzire za matenda awa omwe amawononga ziwalo zathu za thupi!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chili ngati msilikali chomwe chimatiteteza ku matenda, nthawi zina chingasocheretsedwe ndikuukira ziwalo zathu zathanzi ? Tsoka ilo, uwu ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha vuto lomwe limapezeka m'thupi lathu. Ngakhale izi zingamveke zovuta pang'ono, tiyeni tizisunge mosavuta chifukwa ndikofunikira kudziwa.

Kodi MOGAD ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, MOGAD ndi matenda a autoimmune . Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti ndi chiyani. Ntchito yayikulu ya chitetezo chamthupi lathu ndikutiteteza ku matenda polimbana ndi majeremusi, mavairasi, ndi mabakiteriya ochokera kunja. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi mtundu wapadera wa mapuloteni otchedwa antibodies . Koma nthawi zina, chitetezo chamthupi ichi chimalakwika. Kenako amayamba kuzindikira maselo ndi minofu yathu yathanzi ngati adani ndikuwaukira. Ndicho chimene timachitcha matenda a autoimmune.

Ndicho chimene chimachitika ku MOGAD. Apa, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimaukira chophimba choteteza kuzungulira dongosolo lathu la mitsempha (CNS) , lomwe ndi ubongo, chingwe cha msana, ndi mitsempha ya maso m'maso mwathu. Chophimba choteteza ichi chimatchedwa myelin . Taganizirani ngati chivundikiro cha pulasitiki chozungulira waya wamagetsi. Myelin iyi imateteza ulusi wa mitsempha ndipo imathandiza zizindikiro za mitsempha kuyenda bwino.

Kotero, pamene ma antibodies abwera ndikuwononga myelin iyi, timaitcha kuti demyelination . Monga momwe pulasitiki yophimba wayayo imawonongeka, kuwala sikuyatsa bwino, myelin ikawonongeka, mauthenga ochokera ku ubongo kupita ku thupi lonse sapita bwino. Ichi ndichifukwa chake MOGAD imayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino ndi monga kutayika kwa masomphenya kapena kusawona bwino (Optic Neuritis) , kufooka kwa minofu (Transverse Myelitis) , ndi kutayika kwa kulinganiza bwino (Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis - ADEM) . Ngati dokotala akutchulani mayina awa, tsopano mudzadziwa tanthauzo lake.

Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya MOGAD?

Inde, titha kuona mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya MOGAD:

1. MOGAD ya monophasic: Pankhaniyi, mumamva zizindikiro kamodzi kokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mukangolandira matendawa ndikuchiritsidwa, zizindikiro sizimawonekeranso.

2. Kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa MOGAD: Izi ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Zizindikiro zimatha kutha kwakanthawi (timatcha izi kuti kuchira) , koma kenako nkubwereranso. Zikuoneka kuti ndi matenda osatha.

Kodi MOGAD ndi matenda osowa?

Kodi MOGAD imatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?Matenda osowa kwambiri ochotsa myelin m'thupi . Koma pamene chidziwitso cha matendawa chikuwonjezeka, madokotala akukhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa chikhoza kuwonjezeka mtsogolomu. Kutengera ndi zomwe zapezeka pano, akuti pafupifupi munthu mmodzi kapena atatu mwa anthu miliyoni amadwala matendawa chaka chilichonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si matenda ofala kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za MOGAD ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za MOGAD zingakhudze ziwalo zambiri za thupi lanu. Zofunika kwambiri ndi maso, msana (mitsempha yomwe ili mkati mwa msana), ndi ubongo.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza maso (Optic Neuritis)

Matendawa timawatcha kuti Optic Neuritis . Amatha kukhudza diso limodzi kapena onse awiri.

• Maso osawoneka bwino
• Masomphenya awiri
• Kutaya pang'ono kapena kwathunthu kwa masomphenya
• Kupweteka kwa maso , makamaka posuntha maso
• Kutaya mawonekedwe a mtundu

Tangoganizirani, mwadzidzidzi mutasiya kuona bwino m'diso limodzi, kapena chilichonse chikuyamba kusawoneka bwino. Umu ndi momwe chochitika chingakhalire.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza msana (Transverse Myelitis)

Izi zimatchedwa transverse myelitis . Uku ndi kutupa kwa msana.

• Kufooka kwa minofu , mwina ngakhale kulephera kuyenda
• Kusamva bwino kapena kutaya kumva bwino m'mbali zina za thupi
• Kulephera kulamulira matumbo kapena chikhodzodzo (monga kulephera kusunga mkodzo, kulephera kulamulira mayendedwe a matumbo)
• Kuvuta kutulutsa mkodzo kwathunthu
• Kuuma kwa minofu kapena kugwedezeka (spasticity)
• Kupweteka kwambiri, kobaya kapena kumva kuwawa m'khosi, msana, kapena m'mimba .

Izi zili ngati kuwonongeka kwa chingwe chachikulu chomwe chimanyamula mauthenga m'thupi lathu.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza ubongo (ADEM)

Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza ubongo timazitcha kuti Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) .

• Kusokonezeka , kumva ngati chikumbumtima chanu chikuyendayenda
• Kutaya mgwirizano ndi kusagwirizana , kungagwedezeke ngati munthu woledzera
• Mutu
• Kusintha kwa khalidwe , monga kukwiya kapena kukwiya
• Kutaya chidziwitso
• Zizindikiro za khunyu (Kugwidwa ndi khunyu) , ndiko kuti, khunyu.

Zizindikiro za MOGAD zimatha kubwereranso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, pakhoza kukhala nthawi yopanda zizindikiro kenako mwadzidzidzi zizindikirozo zimabwereranso (kubwereranso).

Kodi zizindikiro za MOGAD zimasiyana kwa akuluakulu ndi ana?

Inde, momwe zizindikiro zimaonekera zingasinthe pang'ono ndi ukalamba.

Kawirikawiri, ana akayamba kukhala ndi MOGAD, zimakhudza kwambiri ubongo (ADEM condition). Kenako zizindikiro zomwe tatchula kale, monga kusokonezeka ndi kutayika kwa mgwirizano, nthawi zambiri zimawoneka. Nthawi zina, mavuto a masomphenya (Optic Neuritis) amathanso kuchitika nthawi yomweyo.

Akuluakulu akayamba matenda a MOGAD, nthawi zambiri amakhudza msana (Transverse Myelitis) ndi maso (Optic Neuritis). Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zizindikiro monga kufooka, dzanzi, komanso kusawona bwino.

Kodi n’chiyani chinayambitsa kupangidwa kwa MOGAD?

Kunena zoona, chomwe chimayambitsa MOGAD sichinapezekebe . Pakadali pano akukhulupirira kuti iyi si matenda obadwa nawo kapena matenda oyambitsidwa ndi majini. Palinso kafukufuku wokhudza ngati imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, monga pambuyo pa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi. Koma sizingatheke kunena motsimikiza kuti iyi ndiye chifukwa chake.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha MOGAD ndi ati?

Kuwonongeka kwa chophimba choteteza chotchedwa myelin kumatha kukhudza momwe matupi athu amagwirira ntchito. Zina mwa zovuta zomwe nthawi zina zimachitika ndi izi:

• Kukhala wakhungu kwathunthu
• Kutayika kosatha kwa chikhodzodzo kapena matumbo
• Kufa ziwalo
• Ululu wosatha
• Kutopa kosatha , kumva kutopa nthawi zonse
• Kulephera kuzindikira , zomwe zikutanthauza kuvutika kuphunzira, kukumbukira, ndi kuganiza.

Kukhala ndi MOGAD wekha kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kuthana nako. Zizindikiro zikayamba, zimatha kukuchotsani pa zinthu zomwe mumakonda kuchita ndikukupangitsani kumva kuti mulibe thandizo. Zotsatira zake, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi MOGAD amavutikanso ndi matenda amisala monga kuvutika maganizo. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukumva choncho, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala za izi.

Kodi matenda a MOGAD amapezeka bwanji?

Dokotala adzazindikira MOGAD mwa kuchita mayeso a thupi , mayeso a mitsempha , ndi mayeso ena apadera . Pa nthawi ya mayeso, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndi mbiri yanu yachipatala.

Mayeso omwe amathandiza kutsimikizira kupezeka kwa matenda a MOGAD ndi awa:

• Yang'anani ngati chiwerengero cha maselo oyera m'magazi chawonjezeka (izi zimachitika pamene pali kutupa).
• Kaya pali zilonda zilizonse mu ubongo kapena msana (izi zitha kufufuzidwa ndi MRI scans).
• Magulu a oligoclonalIzi sizimapezeka kawirikawiri ku MOGAD, koma zimapezekanso m'matenda ena (monga multiple sclerosis). Izi zingathandize kusiyanitsa matenda awiriwa.

Mayeso ena omwe ndi othandiza pozindikira MOGAD ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Yang'anani ma antibodies makamaka motsutsana ndi puloteni yotchedwa MOG (ma antibodies a MOG-IgG).
• Kuyezetsa maso: Yang'anani kutupa kwa mitsempha ya maso.
• Kuboola msana: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga madzi ochepa a msana kuchokera ku msana ndikuwayesa. Izi zimatchedwanso "kupopera msana."
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi zitha kujambula zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ubongo ndi msana ndikuyang'ana zilonda mu myelin.

MOGAD nthawi zina imakhala yovuta kuizindikira, chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimatha kufanana ndi za matenda ena amitsempha, monga multiple sclerosis (MS) . Chifukwa chake, zingatenge nthawi ndi mayeso angapo kuti mupeze matenda olondola.

Kodi MOGAD nthawi zambiri imapezeka ndi matenda a shuga ali ndi zaka zingati?

Anthu ambiri amapezeka ndi MOGAD ali ndi zaka za m'ma 20 kapena 30. Komabe, vutoli lingakhudze aliyense wa msinkhu uliwonse. Ana nthawi zambiri amapezeka asanakwanitse zaka 11 .

Kodi MOGAD ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala a MOGAD pakadali pano . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, palibe mankhwala omwe angachotseretu matendawa m'thupi. Koma musaope! Pali mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake, ndikusunga moyo wabwino.

Kodi MOGAD imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Zizindikiro za MOGAD zikayamba kuipiraipira mwadzidzidzi (kuukira koopsa), pali njira zingapo zochizira:

• Ma steroid, monga methylprednisolone: ​​​​Awa amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kwa masiku atatu mpaka asanu. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa mwachangu komanso kuwongolera zizindikiro.
• Kusinthana kwa plasma: Iyi ndi njira yovuta pang'ono. Mu izi, makina amachotsa gawo lamadzimadzi la magazi anu lotchedwa plasma, n’kulilekanitsa ndi maselo a magazi, kenako n’kulibwezeranso m’thupi lanu madzi ena, pamodzi ndi maselo a magazi anu. Izi zimathandiza kuchotsa ma antibodies oopsa.
• Immunoglobulin Yolowetsedwa M'mitsempha (IVIG):Izi zikuphatikizapo kusintha ma antibodies m'magazi mwanu ndi ma antibodies abwino ochokera kwa opereka kudzera mu mitsempha. Izi zithanso kuwongolera momwe ma antibodies omwe akulephera kugwira ntchito.
• Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi: Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi otengedwa pakamwa. Amachepetsa mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi komanso amathandiza kuti chitetezo chamthupi chisawonongeke kwambiri.

Mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali kuti apewe kubwereranso kwa zizindikiro za MOGAD:

• Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi (mitundu ina yoti mupitirize kugwiritsa ntchito)
• Mycophenolate mofetil
• Rituximab
• Azathioprine
• Kulowetsedwa kwa IVIG (intravenous immunoglobulin) kapena jakisoni wa subcutaneous immunoglobulin

Mankhwala onsewa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani zonsezi musanayambe kulandira chithandizo. Ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala wanu ngati mwawona china chake chatsopano.

Nthawi zina, ngati matendawa abweretsa mavuto, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mutenge nawo mbali mu mapulogalamu obwezeretsa thanzi . Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuwonongeka kwa myelin kwakhudza masomphenya anu kapena kuyenda kwanu, mapulogalamu obwezeretsa thanzi awa angakuthandizeni kuphunzira kuchita zinthu za tsiku ndi tsiku ndikuyenda nokha.

Kodi matenda a MOGAD angayambitsidwe bwanji?

Kuyezetsa kwa matenda a MOGAD kukuphunziridwabe. Komabe, chiyembekezo cha odwala ambiri ndi chabwino . Anthu ena angasinthe masomphenya awo kwamuyaya. Komanso, mankhwala ena (monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kwa nthawi yayitali) angapangitse kuti pakhale zotsatirapo zoyipa monga matenda. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu ndikupita kukayezetsa nthawi zonse.

Kodi MOGAD imakhudza moyo wa munthu?

MOGAD simakhudza mwachindunji moyo wanu . Zinthu zina zambiri zimakhudza moyo wa munthu. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili, mutha kupeza zambiri zatsopano zokhudza izi kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu.

Kodi MOGAD ingapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, palibe njira yodziwika yopewera MOGAD . Izi zikufufuzidwabe. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mutenge nawo mbali mu mayesero azachipatala kuti mudziwe za mankhwala atsopano ndi njira zopewera.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirazi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Ngati zizindikiro zikuwonekera mwadzidzidzi.
• Ngati muwona kusintha kwa maso anu.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto ndi luso lanu loyenda ndi kuyenda.
• Ngati zizindikiro zikuipiraipira mutalandira chithandizo.
• Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kuchokera ku chithandizo.

Mumadziwa bwino thupi lanu. Ngati chinachake sichikuyenda bwino, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli.

Ngati mukumva zizindikiro za khunyu (kugwidwa) koyamba, imbani chipinda chodzidzimutsa nthawi yomweyo.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ndizachilendo kukhala ndi mafunso ambiri m'maganizo mwanu mukapezeka ndi matenda a MOGAD.

• "Ndi mankhwala otani omwe ndikulimbikitsidwa kwa ine?"
• "Kodi ndikufunika chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali?"
• "Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?"
• "Ndingatani ngati zizindikiro zanga zikuipiraipira mwadzidzidzi?"

Musaope kufunsa mafunso awa. Mukapeza kuti muli ndi MOGAD, ndi zachilendo kumva kuti mwatopa ndi maganizo monga, "Chidzachitike ndi chiyani kenako?" ndi "Kodi zizindikiro zidzabwerera liti?" Mukakhala ndi vuto lomwe silikudziwika chifukwa chake, kusatsimikizika kumeneko kungawononge thanzi lanu la maganizo. Ngakhale zinthu zambiri sizikudziwika, kumbukirani kuti gulu lanu lachipatala lilipo kuti lichepetse mantha anu ndikuyankha mafunso anu. Angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu zikadzachitika ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu cha kuphulika kwa matenda mtsogolo.

Zimene tikufuna kutenga kuchokera mu nkhaniyi (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

MOGAD ndi matenda ovuta komanso osowa. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa ndi kumvetsetsa zizindikiro zake. Kumbukirani, si matenda omwe ndi vuto lanu.

• Ngati mukuwona zinthu modzidzimutsa, kufooka, kapena dzanzi , pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Ndi matenda oyenera komanso chithandizo choyenera, zizindikiro za MOGAD zimatha kulamulidwa bwino.
• Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala, pali njira zosungira moyo wabwino ndi matendawa.
• Ngati mukumva chisoni kapena kuvutika maganizo, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena munthu amene mumamudalira za vutoli. Simuli nokha.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zakuthandizani kumvetsetsa za MOGAD. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

MOGAD , matenda a autoimmune, myelin, dongosolo lamanjenje, optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, ADEM