Pamene mukuwerenga izi, maso anu akuyendayenda, zala zanu zili pafoni kapena pa mbewa yanu, mukupuma... Kodi mudaganizapo za mphamvu yayikulu yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa zonsezi? Imeneyo ndiye 'malo olamulira akuluakulu' a thupi lathu, dongosolo la mitsempha. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za dongosolo lodabwitsali mosavuta komanso mwachikondi. Monga momwe timalankhulira ndi mnzanu, osati m'buku, koma m'Chisinhala chomveka bwino.
Mwachidule, kodi dongosolo la mitsempha limeneli ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizirani thupi lanu ngati kampani yaikulu. Ofesi yaikulu ya kampani imeneyo ndi dongosolo la mitsempha. Apa ndi pomwe amalamulira ndi kulamulira chilichonse m'thupi lonse. Ofesi yayikuluyi imapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu zazikulu: ubongo, msana, ndi mitsempha .
Dongosololi limagwira ntchito ngati netiweki ya foni. Limatumiza mauthenga, kapena zizindikiro zamagetsi, pakati pa ubongo ndi ziwalo zina zonse za thupi. Zizindikirozi zimakuuzani kuti mupume, musunthe miyendo yanu, mulankhule, ndikuona zinthu. Sikuti zimangotero zokha, komanso nthawi zonse zimasonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza zomwe zikuchitika mkati ndi kunja kwa thupi lanu ndikusankha momwe mungachitire nazo.
Sizimangolamulira zinthu zomwe mumachita mwadala, komanso zinthu zomwe mumachita mosazindikira. Ganizirani zinthu monga kuzizira, kutuluka thukuta, ndi kuphethira pamene mukuchita manyazi. Sitizilamula, zimangochitika zokha. Thupi lathu la mitsempha ndilo limayambitsa zonsezi.
Kodi dongosolo la mitsempha limapereka chithandizo chotani ku thupi lathu?
Ntchito zake ndi zazikulu kwambiri. Ntchito zazikulu ndi kunyamula mauthenga ochokera m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za thupi kupita ku ubongo ndi kuchokera ku ubongo kupita ku thupi. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwa ntchito zazikulu.
| Mtundu wa ntchito | Zitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Zochita zamaganizo | Kuganiza, kukumbukira, kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, kumva malingaliro monga chisangalalo ndi chisoni. |
| Kulamulira kayendedwe | Kuyenda, kuthamanga, kugwira zinthu, ndi kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino. |
| Ntchito ya zingwe zomvera | Ubongo umatanthauzira zomwe maso amaona, makutu amamva, lilime limamva kukoma, mphuno imanunkhiza, ndipo khungu limamva kukhudza. |
| Zochita zodzipangira zokha | Zinthu zomwe sitizilamulira mwadala, monga kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma, kugaya chakudya, ndi thukuta. |
| Njira zina m'thupi | Ngakhale njira monga kuchira mabala, kusintha tulo, kutha msinkhu, ndi ukalamba zimathandiza kulamulira. |
Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone momwe dongosololi limagwirira ntchito.
Dongosolo lonseli limagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wapadera wa selo lotchedwa ma neuron . Izi zili ngati mawaya amagetsi m'thupi lathu. Ma neuron awa ndi omwe amanyamula zizindikiro zamagetsi (mauthenga) m'thupi lonse. Mauthenga awa amayenda kuchokera ku ubongo kupita ku khungu, ziwalo zamkati, ndi minofu.
Ganizirani maso anu, makutu, mphuno, lilime, ndi khungu lanu ngati masensa omwe amasonkhanitsa chidziwitso kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Chidziwitso chomwe masensawa amasonkhanitsa chimatumizidwa ku ubongo kudzera mu mitsempha (ma neuron). Ubongo umasanthula chidziwitso chimenecho, kupanga chisankho chochita, ndikutumiza uthenga kudzera mu mitsempha kupita ku chiwalo kapena minofu yoyenera.
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ma neuron, iliyonse ili ndi ntchito yosiyana.
| Mtundu wa neuron | Ntchito ndi chitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Ma neuron a Motor | Izi zimanyamula zizindikiro kuchokera ku ubongo ndi msana kupita ku minofu. Mwachidule, zimakhala ndi lamulo lakuti "chita." Chitsanzo: Ma neuron amenewa amalamulira minofu yomwe ili m'manja mwanu kuti itenge madzi. |
| Maselo Omvera | Izi zimasonkhanitsa chidziwitso kuchokera ku mphamvu (monga maso, makutu, ndi khungu) ndikuchipititsa ku ubongo. Zimauza ubongo momwe "umamvera." Chitsanzo: Ma neuron amenewa amatumiza uthenga ku ubongo kuti galasi la madzi lomwe muli nalo ndi lozizira. |
| Ma neuron amkati | Izi ndi njira zolumikizirana pakati pa ma neuron a magalimoto ndi masensa, zomwe zimatithandiza kupanga zisankho mwachangu kutengera zomwe timalandira. Chitsanzo: Ngati mwangozi mwakhudza chinthu chotentha, uthenga wokhudza kumva ukangofika woti chatentha, ma neuron amenewa amalowererapo kuti nthawi yomweyo atumize uthenga wokhudza injiniyo wokuuzani kuti musunthe dzanja lanu. |
Pali magawo awiri akuluakulu a dongosolo la mitsempha
Monga tanenera kale, mungaganizire za dongosolo lathu la mitsempha ngati mtengo. Thunthu lake ndiye gawo lalikulu la mtengowo. Nthambi zake ndi mbali zina.
Thupi lathu la mitsempha lili ngati mtengo. Ubongo ndi msana ndi thunthu la mtengo. Mitsempha yomwe imatuluka kuchokera pamenepo ndi nthambi za mtengo. Nthambi izi zimafalikira thupi lonse.
Motero, dongosolo la mitsempha limagawidwa m'magawo awiri akuluakulu.
1. Central Nervous System (CNS): Iyi ndi 'ofesi yathu yaikulu'. Ili ndi ubongo ndi msana . Imawerenga ndi kumvetsetsa mauthenga onse obwera, ndipo imapanga zisankho.
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Iyi ndi 'network yolumikizirana'. Imaphatikizapo mitsempha yonse yomwe imachokera ku central nervous system (CNS) kupita ku thupi lonse - mpaka m'manja, miyendo, zala, ziwalo zamkati - ndipo imanyamula malamulo kuchokera ku CNS kupita ku thupi lonse, komanso imanyamula chidziwitso kuchokera ku thupi kupita ku CNS.
Dongosolo la mitsempha la m'mphepete mwa mitsempha (PNS) lagawidwanso m'magawo awiri:
- Thupi la Mitsempha la Somatic: Ichi ndi chomwe chimalamulira mayendedwe athu ozindikira komanso odzipereka, monga kuyenda, kukweza mkono, ndi kulankhula.
- Dongosolo la Mitsempha Lodziyimira Payokha: Izi zimalamulira zinthu zomwe sitichita dala, monga kugunda kwa mtima, kupuma, ndi kugaya chakudya.
Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha?
Mwatsoka, pali matenda ndi mikhalidwe yambiri yomwe ingakhudze dongosolo lofunika kwambiri. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa:
- Matenda a Alzheimer
- Khansa (makamaka mu ubongo kapena msana)
- Matenda a ubongo
- Khunyu
- Matenda a Huntington
- Matenda opatsirana, monga meningitis
- Matenda a Parkinson
- Stroke
- Kuvulala kwa ubongo koopsa
Zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza vuto la mitsempha
Ngakhale zizindikiro za matenda a mitsempha zimasiyana malinga ndi matendawa, pali zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino zomwe zingawonekere.
- Kusintha kwa kayendedwe ndi kukhazikika (kuvutika kuyenda, kumva ngati zinthu zikuwonongeka)
- Kutaya kapena kuchepa kwa kukumbukira
- Ululu, dzanzi, kapena zikhomo ndi singano
- Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa khalidwe ndi malingaliro
- Kuvuta kuganiza ndi kulingalira
- Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
Samalani kwambiri ndi zinthu izi!
Matenda ena, makamaka zinthu monga sitiroko, ndi adzidzidzi omwe amafunika thandizo lachipatala mwachangu. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi ya chipatala chapafupi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo kapena imbani ambulansi pa 1990.
- Kufooka kwa minofu kapena dzanzi mbali imodzi ya thupi.
- Kutaya mwadzidzidzi kapena kusawona bwino.
- Kulankhula molakwika.
- Kusokonezeka mwadzidzidzi.
Mayeso omwe amayesa thanzi la mitsempha
Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi vuto ndi dongosolo la mitsempha, angachite mayeso osiyanasiyana kuti atsimikizire.
- Kujambula kwa CT (Kujambula kwa kompyuta - Kujambula kwa CT)
- ECG (Electrocardiogram - ECG kapena EKG) - Onani kugunda kwa mtima
- EEG (Electroencephalogram - EEG) - Onani momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito zamagetsi
- Kuboola kwa msana (Kuboola kwa msana / kupopera kwa msana) - onani madzi omwe ali mumsana
- Kujambula zithunzi za MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging - MRI scans) - pezani zithunzi zomveka bwino za ubongo ndi msana
Kodi timasunga bwanji dongosolo lathu la mitsempha kukhala lathanzi?
Tiyenera kusamalira bwino dongosolo lofunika kwambiri limeneli. Pali zinthu zingapo zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti tithandize.
- Moyo Wathanzi: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Phatikizani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndi mapuloteni opanda mafuta ambiri muzakudya zanu. Muzichita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
- Pewani zinthu zoopsa: Kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kungawononge mwachindunji dongosolo la mitsempha.
- Khalani otetezeka: Valani zovala zodzitetezera monga chisoti mukamasewera masewera kapena mukukwera njinga yamoto. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupewa kuvulala m'mutu.
- Lamulirani matenda ena: Ngati muli ndi matenda monga matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi, yang'anirani bwino, chifukwa matendawa amathanso kuwononga mitsempha.
- Kupimidwa kuchipatala nthawi zonse: Ngati pali vuto, ndikofunikira kupeza upangiri wachipatala nthawi zonse kuti mulizindikire msanga.
Mitsempha yanu ndiye chimake cha chilichonse m'thupi lanu. Kusunga thanzi lanu ndikofunikira pa thanzi lanu lonse. Ngati dongosololi lakhudzidwa ndi matenda, ngozi, kapena matenda ena, musachite mantha ndikupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Dongosolo lanu la mitsempha ndilo likulu lalikulu la thupi lanu, lopangidwa ndi ubongo wanu, chingwe cha msana, ndi mitsempha.
- Dongosololi limalamulira zinthu zomwe mumachita mwadala, komanso zinthu zomwe zimachitika zokha, monga kugunda kwa mtima wanu ndi kupuma kwanu.
- Dongosolo la mitsempha lili ndi magawo awiri akuluakulu: dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha (CNS) ndi dongosolo la mitsempha la m'mphepete (PNS).
- Musanyalanyaze zizindikiro zoopsa monga kufooka mwadzidzidzi, kuvutika kulankhula, kapena kusintha kwa masomphenya. Funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Mungathe kusunga mitsempha yanu yathanzi mwa kudya zakudya zabwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kupewa ngozi.
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