Kodi wokondedwa wanu, mwina amayi anu, abambo anu, agogo anu kapena agogo anu, ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer? Tonsefe tikudziwa chisoni ndi kusowa chochita komwe kumabwera chifukwa chotaya pang'onopang'ono kukumbukira ndikuiwala nkhope zodziwika bwino. Matenda a Alzheimer kwenikweni ndi vuto lomwe lingayambitse kutayika kukumbukira, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo komanso imfa. Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala a matendawa, pali mankhwala omwe angachepetse liwiro lake ndikupatsa wodwalayo mpumulo. Lero tikambirana za gulu limodzi la mankhwala apadera. Amenewo ndi NMDA Receptor Antagonists . Ngakhale dzinali ndi lovuta pang'ono, tiyeni timvetse mosavuta.
Nkhani yaying'ono ya mankhwala yomwe imachitika muubongo
Ubongo wathu ndi malo odabwitsa. Uli ndi mabiliyoni ambiri a maselo amitsempha, kapena kuti 'ma neuron'. Maselo amenewa amakonza chidziwitso, amakumbukira chidziwitso, ndipo amauza ziwalo zina za thupi zomwe ziyenera kuchita potumiza zizindikiro zamagetsi ndi mankhwala mobwerezabwereza.
Timatcha amithenga omwe amanyamula zizindikiro za mankhwala awa kuti 'neurotransmitters'. Mmodzi mwa amithenga amenewo ndi 'glutamate' .
Ingoganizirani za glutamate ngati bwato lomwe limanyamula uthenga kuchokera ku selo imodzi ya mitsempha kupita ku ina. Bwatoli limafunika doko lapadera kuti lipite ku selo lina ndi doko. Doko limenelo ndi limene timalitcha kuti NMDA receptor (`N-methyl-D-aspartate` receptor. Pamene bwato lotchedwa glutamate limalumikizana ndi doko la NMDA, limatumiza chinthu china chofunika chotchedwa `calcium` mu selo. Kalisiyumu iyi ndi imene imamaliza uthengawo ndipo imatithandiza kuphunzira ndi kukumbukira chinachake. Iyi ndi njira yachibadwa mu ubongo wathanzi.
Nanga chimachitika ndi chiyani mu matenda a Alzheimer's?
Mu maselo a ubongo a munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer , glutamate yochuluka imayamba kupangidwa . Chomwe chimachitika ndi chakuti calcium yochuluka imalowa m'maselo a mitsempha. Tangoganizirani zomwe zimachitika ngati mutadzaza thanki yamadzi ndi madzi ochulukirapo? Imasefukira. Mofananamo, calcium yochuluka ikasonkhana mkati mwa maselo, maselo amenewo amayamba kuwonongeka. Kuwonongeka kumeneku ndi komwe kumawonjezera pang'onopang'ono zizindikiro za Alzheimer's.
Umu ndi momwe Otsutsa a NMDA Receptor amathandizira
Gulu la mankhwala otchedwa NMDA receptor antagonists amagwira ntchito pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo omwe maboti owonjezera a glutamate amatha kuima pa NMDA receptor. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mankhwalawa amatseka madoko ena. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mankhwalawa amalola mauthenga ofunikira kuyenda . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amangolamulira kuchuluka kwa calcium popanda kusokoneza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a ubongo. Izi zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo amitsempha ndikulamulira liwiro la matendawa.
Pochiza matenda a Alzheimer's, madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi neurotransmitter ina yotchedwa acetylcholine. Koma ma NMDA receptor antagonists ndi gulu lofunika la mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito mosiyana.
Mankhwala oletsa kulandira mankhwala a NMDA omwe avomerezedwa kuti athetse matenda a Alzheimer ndi memantine (dzina lodziwika bwino la `Namenda XR`). Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ndi madokotala pa nthawi yapakati mpaka yovuta ya matendawa. Nthawi zina, memantine imaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala oletsa cholinesterase omwe atchulidwa kale, omwe amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa acetylcholine. Izi zingapangitse kuti odwala ena apeze zotsatira zabwino.
Koma kumbukirani, mankhwala awa sagwira ntchito mofanana kwa aliyense.
Tiyeni tidziwenso za zotsatira zake.
Monga mankhwala ena onse, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zochepa.
- Chizungulire ndiye chizindikiro chofala kwambiri.
- Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu monga mutu ndi kudzimbidwa zimatha kuchitikanso.
- Kawirikawiri, pamakhala kuthekera kwa chisokonezo muubongo .
Ngati inu kapena wodwala wanu mukukumana ndi chilichonse mwa izi, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo . Si bwino kusiya kumwa mankhwala kapena kusintha mlingo nokha.
Mankhwala ena m'banja lino ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito
Pali mankhwala ena m'banjali otchedwa NMDA receptor antagonists. Ena mwa iwo timawaona tsiku ndi tsiku. Ena ndi owopsa pang'ono, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ngati mankhwala. Asayansi akufufuzanso ubwino wa mankhwala amtunduwu pa matenda ena amitsempha, monga matenda a Parkinson ndi ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za izi kuchokera pa tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Dzina la Mankhwala | Ntchito yaikulu | Mfundo zofunika ndi zoopsa |
|---|---|---|
| Dextromethorphan | Imapezeka mu mankhwala a chifuwa. | Kawirikawiri ndi yotetezeka, koma ikhoza kukhala yoopsa ngati itengedwa pa mlingo waukulu. |
| Ketamine | Mankhwala oletsa ululu (kwa anthu ndi nyama). | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa ululu panthawi ya opaleshoni. Koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ngati "mankhwala ochizira". Angayambitse ziwonetsero ndi kumva ngati akuchoka m'thupi. Kafukufuku akuchitika pakugwiritsa ntchito kwake pa matenda monga kuvutika maganizo. |
| Phencyclidine (PCP) | Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo. | Poyamba idapangidwa ngati mankhwala oletsa ululu, koma idachotsedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha zotsatirapo zoyipa (kuona zinthu molakwika, chisokonezo). Mankhwala oopsa otchedwa "Angel Dust". Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi khalidwe lachiwawa. |
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Ngakhale matenda a Alzheimer's sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, mankhwala otsutsana ndi ma receptor a NMDA monga memantine angathandize kuthana ndi magawo apakati mpaka akulu a matendawa pochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo aubongo.
- Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito poteteza maselo amitsempha ku glutamate yochuluka muubongo.
- Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, zotsatirapo zina monga chizungulire zimatha kuchitika. Nthawi zonse kambiranani izi ndi dokotala wanu. Musasinthe mlingo kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala nokha.
- Mankhwala amtunduwu, monga Ketamine ndi PCP, amagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo ndi oopsa kwambiri. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kwa matenda a Alzheimer's.
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