Mwina munamvapo mawu oti 'Opioid'. Awa ndi mankhwala amphamvu ochepetsa ululu omwe madokotala amapereka kuti achepetse ululu waukulu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda monga kupweteka kwa khansa, pambuyo pa opaleshoni zina, ndi zina zotero. Koma chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo, ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, ngati munthu wamwa mopitirira muyeso, kapena ngati wina wayamba kuwagwiritsa ntchito, akhoza kukhala chiwopsezo chachikulu pa moyo. Chifukwa chake lero tikambirana za gulu lapadera la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupulumutsa miyoyo m'mikhalidwe yoopsa ngati imeneyi, akuchita ngati 'wotsutsa'. Amenewo ndi Otsutsa Opioid.
Mwachidule, kodi Wotsutsa Opioid uyu ndi chiyani?
Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyeni tiwone momwe mankhwala ochepetsa ululu a opioid amagwirira ntchito m'thupi lathu. Taganizirani za mitsempha yathu, makamaka ubongo ndi msana, ngati kuti zili ndi 'zipata' zazing'ono. Mu zamankhwala, timazitcha 'ma receptor'. Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu a opioid akalowa m'thupi, amamangirira ku zipata izi ndikuzitsegula, kuchepetsa ululu ndikupanga kumverera kwabwino (euphoria).
Otsutsa a Opioid ali ngati kiyi yosiyana yomwe imalowa mu loko yomweyo. Koma mukayika kiyi iyi mu loko, sitsegula chitseko. M'malo mwake, imalowa mkati mwa loko, ndikutseka njira yonse kuti kiyi ya opioid ilowe. Mwachidule, mankhwalawa amaletsa ma opioid receptors, ndikuletsa ma opioid kugwira ntchito. Ndicho chifukwa chake amatha kusintha zotsatira zoopsa za kumwa kwambiri opioid.
Chofunika ndichakuti, ngati mulibe Opioids m'thupi lanu, mankhwala oletsa kutupa awa nthawi zambiri sagwira ntchito. Amangogwira ntchito ngati muli ndi Opioids m'thupi lanu.
Kodi mankhwala amenewa ndi chiyani ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe ali m'gulu la Opioid Antagonist. Iliyonse ya mankhwalawa imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa cholinga chake. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu.
| Dzina la mankhwala | Kodi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa chiyani? | Momwe mungaperekere |
|---|---|---|
| Naloxone | Ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha opioid overdose. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kuvutika kupuma komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha opioid. Ndi mankhwala opulumutsa moyo. | Monga jakisoni (m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha) kapena ngati spray ya m'mphuno (monga Narcan®, Kloxxado®) |
| Naltrexone | Chithandizo chochiritsira matenda a opioid ndi mowa. Chimaletsa chisangalalo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo chimathandiza kuchepetsa kubwereranso kwa matendawa. | Monga jakisoni kapena ngati piritsi lomwedwa ndi pakamwa. (monga Vivitrol®, ReVia®) |
| Methylnaltrexone | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kudzimbidwa komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha opioid mwa anthu omwe amamwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu a opioid kwa nthawi yayitali. Amangotseka ma receptors m'matumbo, osakhudza ubongo. | Monga jakisoni kapena ngati piritsi lomwedwa ndi pakamwa. (monga Relistor®) |
| Nalmefene | Mankhwala ofanana ndi Naloxone. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kumwa mankhwala owonjezera opioid, amakhalabe m'thupi kwa nthawi yayitali. Koma sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri monga Naloxone. | Monga jakisoni. (monga Revex®) |
Kufunika kwapadera kwa Naloxone
Chifukwa cha mliri wa opioid, ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi monga apolisi ndi ogwira ntchito ku ambulansi m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amaphunzitsidwa kunyamula ndi kupereka Naloxone. Ngati wina asiya kupuma chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid, kupereka Naloxone mkati mwa mphindi ziwiri mpaka zisanu kungapulumutse moyo mwa kubwezeretsa kupuma kwabwinobwino.
Kodi zotsatirapo zake za mankhwalawa ndi ziti?
Zotsatira zazikulu komanso zachangu za Naloxone, Naltrexone, ndi Nalmefene ndi zizindikiro zosiya kumwa opioid.Zochitika.
Tangoganizirani munthu amene ali ndi chizolowezi chachikulu cha mankhwala a opioid. Thupi lake lazolowera mankhwala a opioid amenewo. Mukapatsa munthu wotere mwadzidzidzi mankhwala ngati Naloxone, mankhwala onse a opioid m'thupi mwake amachotsedwa mwadzidzidzi. Ndiye ichi ndi chimene thupi limayankha pa zimenezo.
Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:
- Mafinya (kutuluka kwa mafinya)
- Kung'ambika kwambiri m'maso
- Kukodza pafupipafupi (kusadziletsa kukodza)
- Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wambiri (Hyperventilation)
- Kutentha kwambiri
- Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima (Tachycardia)
- Kupweteka kwakukulu kwa minofu
- Kusanza ndi kusanza
- Kutupa m'mimba (kutsegula m'mimba)
- Kusakhazikika kwambiri ndi nkhawa
Kuopsa kwa zizindikirozi kumasiyana malinga ndi munthu aliyense, kutengera nthawi yomwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ma opioid komanso mtundu wa mankhwala omwe adagwiritsa ntchito.
Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira izi. Mu chipatala, mwachitsanzo ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi (ETU) , madokotala amatha kuthana bwino ndi zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwalawa. Izi zitha kuchitika popereka mankhwala a saline, ndi mankhwala ena monga Methadone ndi Buprenorphine.
Zotsatirapo zoyipa za methylnaltrexone
Popeza izi zimakhudza kwambiri matumbo, zotsatira zake zimakhala zokhudzana ndi zimenezo.
- Kupweteka m'mimba
- Kudzaza mimba
- Kusefukira pang'ono kapena kutsegula m'mimba
- Mutu
- Kugwedeza minofu
- Chizungulire
Ndiye ubwino wa mankhwala awa ndi wotani?
Ngakhale kuti pali zotsatirapo zake, ubwino wa mankhwala amenewa ndi waukulu kuposa ubwino wake.
Naloxone ndi Nalmefene ndi mankhwala opulumutsa moyo. Ngati kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo a opioid kuchiritsidwa mwachangu komanso moyenera, kungapulumutse moyo wa munthu. Ndicho chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Ngati muwona munthu amene sakudziwa bwino ndipo akupuma movutikira chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo a opioid, muyenera kumutengera nthawi yomweyo ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ya chipatala. Komanso, ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza poizoni, mutha kuyimbira National Poisons Information Center ku Colombo National Hospital kuti akupatseni upangiri.
Naltrexone ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza vuto lovuta la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Komabe, mankhwalawa okha sangachiritse vutoli. Amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala, kuchira, ndi mautumiki ena othandizira.
Chifukwa chake, Opioid Antagonists ndi gulu lothandiza kwambiri la mankhwala. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mantha okhudza mankhwala awa kapena zotsatira zake, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za iwo momasuka. Iye angakupatseni upangiri woyenera ndi chithandizo chomwe mukufuna.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa ululu a opioid ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amaletsa ntchito ya mankhwala ochepetsa ululu a opioid.
- Naloxone ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi chomwe chimaperekedwa kuti abwezeretse kupuma ndikupulumutsa moyo ngati munthu wamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid.
- Naltrexone ndi mankhwala ochiritsira omwe amaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mowa. Amaletsa chisangalalo cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Mankhwalawa akaperekedwa kwa munthu amene wayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid, angayambitse zizindikiro zoopsa zosiya kumwa mankhwala, koma mankhwalawa amatha kuthandizidwa kuchipatala.
- Ngakhale kuti mankhwala amenewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri, kuchiza chizolowezi cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumafuna pulogalamu yonse, kuphatikizapo uphungu wa zamaganizo.
- Nthawi zonse kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwala awa ndipo funsani upangiri woyenera.
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