Kodi muli ndi ma platelet ochepa m'magazi anu? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi (Thrombocytopenia)!

Muli bwanji? Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe angamveke ngati oopsa pang'ono, koma ngati atamveka bwino, amatha kulamulidwa kwambiri. Umenewo ndi kuchepa kwa ma platelet m'magazi, matenda otchedwa (Thrombocytopenia) m'mawu azachipatala. Mwina munamvapo mawu awa kuchokera kwa dokotala, kapena munawawona mu lipoti la magazi. Musadandaule, tidzakambirana za izi mosavuta, mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone kuti ma platelet a m'magazi awa ndi chiyani ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani ndi ofunikira kwambiri kwa ife?

Taganizirani izi motere: ma platelet ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonga asilikali tomwe timadutsa m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi. Kunena zoona, ndi mtundu wa selo laling'ono kwambiri lopanda mtundu. Monga maselo ena m'magazi mwathu, ma platelet amapangidwa mu minofu yofewa mkati mwa mafupa athu yotchedwa bone marrow.

Tsopano mukufunsa, ndiye chifukwa chiyani tikufunika asilikali ang'onoang'ono awa? Nayi mfundo yofunika: Tikavulala kwinakwake ndikuyamba kutuluka magazi, monga tikapita kunkhondo, ma platelet awa ndi omwe amayamba kuthamangira kumeneko ndikugwirizana kuti apange magazi oundana (`(clot)`) kuti asiye kutuluka magazi. Zili ngati mukayika simenti pabowo pakhoma. Chifukwa chake, popanda ma platelet, ngakhale bala laling'ono silingathe kuletsa kutuluka magazi. Kodi mukumvetsa kufunika kwake?

Ndiye, kodi kuchuluka kwa ma platelet otsika kumeneku, kapena thrombocytopenia ndi kotani?

Mwachidule, thrombocytopenia imachitika pamene magazi anu ali ndi chiwerengero chocheperako cha ma platelet. Kawirikawiri, munthu wathanzi amakhala ndi ma platelet pakati pa 1.5 ndi 4.5 miliyoni pa microliter iliyonse ya magazi. Chiwerengerochi chikatsika pansi pa ichi, timachitcha thrombocytopenia.

Koma nayi mfundo: kuchepa pang'ono kwa ma platelet si nkhani yaikulu nthawi zonse. Zimatengera momwe zilili zochepa, chifukwa chake zimakhala zochepa, komanso momwe zimatsikira mofulumira. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kufunsa upangiri kwa dokotala.

N’chifukwa chiyani tili ndi ma platelet ochepa? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ochepa m'magazi. Tiyeni tigawane m'magulu atatu akuluakulu.

1. Ngati kupanga ma platelet m'magazi ndi mafuta a m'mafupa kwachepa:

Tinakambirana kale za momwe ma platelet amapangidwira mu fupa la mafupa. Chifukwa chake, ngati pali vuto ndi fupa la mafupa ndipo kupanga ma platelet kumachepa, chiwerengero cha ma platelet m'magazi chimachepa. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse izi:

• Matenda ena oyambitsidwa ndi mavairasi: Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga dengue fever, hepatitis C, ndi HIV angayambitse kulephera kwa mafupa.
• Mankhwala ena: Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa (Chemotherapy), maantibayotiki ena, ndi okodzetsa amathanso kukhudza mafupa.
• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Izi zingawonongenso mafupa.
• Kusowa kwa mavitamini: Ngati thupi lilibe vitamini B12 (`(Vitamini B12)`) kapena folate (`(Folate)` yokwanira, kupanga ma platelet m'magazi kungachepe.
• Khansa ya m'magazi: Khansa ya m'magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi ingayambitse kuti mafuta a m'mafupa asiye kupanga maselo abwinobwino.
• Aplastic Anemia: Apa ndi pamene mafupa sapanga maselo a magazi moyenera.
• Matenda a Myelodysplastic: Ichi ndi vuto lomwe mafupa sagwira ntchito bwino.
• Matenda osowa kwambiri m'majini: Nthawi zina, kupanga ma platelet ochepa kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa za majini zomwe zimapezeka panthawi yobadwa.

2. Ngati ma platelet opangidwa awonongeka msanga kapena ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso m'thupi:

Nthawi zina, ngakhale mafuta a m'mafupa atapanga ma platelet okwanira, ngati awonongeka mwachangu m'thupi, kapena ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kutuluka magazi ambiri, kuchuluka kwa ma platelet kumatha kuchepa.

• ITP (Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura): Apa ndi pamene chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimaukira ndikuwononga ma platelet athu m'magazi molakwika. Izi zitha kuchitika mwa ana aang'ono atatha kudwala malungo, komanso zitha kuchitikanso kwa akuluakulu.
• Izi zitha kuchitikanso m'matenda ena odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune, monga lupus ndi rheumatoid arthritis.
• Mankhwala ena: Mankhwala ena angayambitse chitetezo chamthupi kuwononga ma platelet a magazi, ngakhale ngati vuto la ziwengo.
• Matenda oopsa (sepsis): Mu matenda oopsa, matenda monga DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) amatha kuchitika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma platelet a magazi azichepa mofulumira.
• TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura) (`(Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)`) ndi HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome) (`(Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)`): Izi ndi zinthu zosachitika kawirikawiri koma zoopsa. Pa vutoli, magazi ang'onoang'ono amaundana mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi ndipo ma platelet amachotsedwa.

3. Ngati ndulu yakula ndipo ma platelet asonkhana pamenepo:

Nkhumba ndi chiwalo chomwe chili kumtunda kumanzere kwa mimba yathu. Chimasefa magazi ndikuchotsa maselo akale a magazi. Ngati nkhumbayo yakula chifukwa cha matenda ena (monga matenda a chiwindi - cirrhosis, matenda ena, khansa ya m'magazi), imatha kusonkhanitsa ma platelet ambiri kuposa masiku onse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha ma platelet m'magazi chichepe.

Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe zingachitike ngati ma platelet a m'magazi ali ochepa?

Zizindikiro za ma platelet otsika zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu ndi munthu. Zimatengeranso momwe ma platelet anu alili otsika komanso momwe amatsikira mwachangu. Nthawi zina anthu omwe ali ndi ma platelet ochepa sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, nazi zina mwa zizindikiro zodziwika bwino:

• Mabala: Mabala ndi mabala akuluakulu, abuluu kapena ofiirira pakhungu. Ngakhale chiphuphu chaching'ono kulikonse chingayambitse mabala akuluakulu.
• Madontho ofiira ang'onoang'ono pakhungu:Nthawi zina, madontho ang'onoang'ono ofiira kapena ofiirira (`(petechiae)`) amaonekera thupi lonse, ngati nyerere zazing'ono, pa miyendo ndi m'manja. Izi sizimatha mukamaziyang'ana.
• Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti magazi asiye kutuluka pambuyo povulala.
• Kutuluka magazi m'kamwa, kutuluka magazi m'mphuno pafupipafupi.
• Kutuluka magazi mu mkodzo kapena ndowe (mkodzo ukhoza kukhala wofiira, ndowe ikhoza kukhala yakuda kapena yamagazi).
• Kwa akazi, nthawi ya msambo imakhala yolemera kwambiri ndipo imatha masiku ambiri kuposa masiku onse.
• Kumva kutopa, kutopa.
• Nthawi zina, ngati chikugwirizana ndi vuto la chiwindi, maso amatha kukhala achikasu (jaundice).

Chofunika: Ngati mukumva zizindikiro monga mutu, kumva kukomoka, kapena kuvutika kulankhula, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kutuluka magazi muubongo!

Ngati tili ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani? Kodi tiyenera kupita kwa dokotala?

Inde, ndithudi! Ngati muli ndi magazi osazolowereka, madontho a magazi pakhungu lanu, kapena kutopa kwambiri, musanyalanyaze ndipo pitani kwa dokotala. Musachite mantha, komanso musachedwe. Dokotala adzakufunsani mafunso, adzakuyesani, ndikukutumizani kuti mukayesedwe ngati pakufunika kutero.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi? Kodi amachita mayeso a mtundu wanji?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, choyamba adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, mankhwala omwe mukumwa, komanso ngati pali wina aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhala ndi vuto lofanana ndi lanu. Kenako adzakuyang'anirani ndikuwona ngati muli ndi magazi, khungu lanu lasintha mtundu, komanso ngati ndulu yanu yakula.

Kuphatikiza apo, n'zotheka kuchita mayeso monga:

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Onse (FBC) : Iyi ndi njira yaikulu yodziwira kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi. Imaperekanso chidziwitso chokhudza maselo ofiira a magazi ndi maselo oyera a magazi.
• Kupaka Magazi Pambali : Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chitsanzo cha magazi ndikuyang'ana mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa ma platelet pansi pa maikulosikopu. Nthawi zina, amafufuzanso kuti awone ngati ma platelet ali pamodzi kapena ngati pali maselo olakwika.
• Mayeso ena a magazi: Pali mayeso ena omwe angathandize kupeza chomwe chikuyambitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mayeso oyesa momwe chiwindi chikuyendera (mayeso a momwe chiwindi chikuyendera), mayeso a momwe impso zimagwirira ntchito, mayeso oyesa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, ndi mayeso oyesa zizindikiro za chitetezo chamthupi.
• Kupuma ndi Kufufuza Mafupa : Nthawi zina, ngati mayeso a magazi okha sakuvumbula chomwe chikuyambitsa, mayesowa amachitika kuti awone ngati mafupa akupanga ma platelet moyenera. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga mafuta ochepa kuchokera kudera laling'ono, monga m'chiuno, pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu.

Kodi mankhwala a ma platelet otsika m'magazi ndi ati?

Ili ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa ma platelet m'magazi chimadalira kwathunthu chomwe chinayambitsa vutoli komanso momwe vutoli lilili lalikulu. Palibe njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli.

• Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa ma platelet kotsika pang'ono: Ngati kuchuluka kwa ma platelet sikuli kotsika kwambiri ndipo palibe zizindikiro za kutuluka magazi, nthawi zina sipafunika chithandizo, kungoyang'aniridwa ndi kuyezetsa magazi nthawi zonse.
• Kuchiza chifukwa chachikulu:
• Ngati mankhwala apangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha ma platelet m'magazi anu chichepe, dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti musiye kumwa mankhwalawo kapena kukusinthani ku mankhwala ena. Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi bwino kusasiya kumwa mankhwalawo?
• Ngati ndi chifukwa cha matenda, matendawa amachiritsidwa.
• Ngati ndi matenda a autoimmune, amachiritsidwa.
• Mankhwala makamaka a ma platelet otsika m'magazi:
• Corticosteroids : Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala monga prednisolone. Izi zimaperekedwa kuti ziletse chitetezo cha mthupi kuwononga ma platelet a m'magazi (m'mikhalidwe monga ITP).
• Immunoglobulin Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito M'mitsempha: Iyi ndi mankhwala ofanana ndi mchere omwe amaperekedwa m'mitsempha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchulukitsa msanga kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'matenda oopsa pomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chikuwononga ma platelet m'magazi.
• Mankhwala ena oletsa chitetezo chamthupi (immunosuppressants): Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati ma steroid sakugwira ntchito kapena ngati zotsatira zake zili zoopsa kwambiri.
• Mankhwala otchedwa Thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs): Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa mafuta a m'mafupa kuti apange ma platelet ambiri.
• Kuika Ma platelet: Ngati mukutuluka magazi ambiri kapena ngati kuchuluka kwa ma platelet anu kuli kochepa kwambiri komanso koopsa (monga musanachite opaleshoni), mutha kupatsidwa ma platelet kunja kwa thupi. Komabe, iyi ndi njira yakanthawi chabe.
• Kuchotsa ndulu: Ngati ndulu yapezeka kuti ndi yomwe imawononga ma platelet, ndipo njira zina zochiritsira sizikugwira ntchito (makamaka pa ITP ya nthawi yayitali), opaleshoni yochotsa nduluyo ikhoza kuchitidwa. Komabe, kuchotsa nduluyo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda.
• Kusinthana kwa plasma (kapena Plasmapheresis): Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zapadera monga TTP.

Kodi tiyenera kuganizira chiyani pamene tikukhala ndi vutoli?

Anthu omwe ali ndi ma platelet otsika m'magazi ayenera kusamala pang'ono pa moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku.

• Pewani zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kugwa ndi kuvulala. Mwachitsanzo, masewera olimbitsa thupi ogwirizana ndi munthu si oyenera.
• Samalani kwambiri mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zakuthwa kapena kudula ndiwo zamasamba.
• Gwiritsani ntchito burashi yofewa potsuka mano anu. Samalani kuti musavulaze mkamwa mwanu.
• Kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi monga aspirin, NSAIDs (monga ibuprofen) popanda upangiri wa dokotalaMusagwiritse ntchito izi. Izi zitha kuwonjezera magazi. Uzani dokotala aliyense ndi dokotala wa mano amene mukumuwona kuti muli ndi ma platelet ochepa.
• Dziwani zizindikiro zilizonse za kutuluka magazi (mabala a pakhungu, kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, kutuluka magazi m'kamwa). Uzani dokotala wanu ngati muwona zizindikiro zatsopano.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Pokhapokha ngati kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi anu kuli kochepa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mavitamini, zakudya zokha sizingathetse vutoli. Komabe, ndikofunikira kupeza zakudya zomwe thupi lanu limafunikira.
• Chepetsani kapena siyani kumwa mowa kwathunthu .

Kodi izi zingakhale zovuta kwambiri? Kodi mavuto ake ndi otani?

Inde, izi zitha kukhala vuto lalikulu ngati kuchuluka kwa ma platelet m'magazi kumatsika kwambiri kapena mwadzidzidzi.

Chiwopsezo chachikulu ndi kutuluka magazi kwambiri. Izi zitha kuwoneka (kuchokera pabala, mphuno) kapena mkati (monga muubongo, m'mimba, m'matumbo). Kutuluka magazi mkati kungakhale koopsa.

Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kumwa mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanenera komanso kusamala.

Chidule ndi mawu omaliza

Chabwino, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino zomwe takambirana lero (Thrombocytopenia) kapena ma platelet otsika m'magazi. Kumbukirani, izi zikutanthauza kuti ma platelet m'magazi ndi otsika kuposa masiku onse. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimasiyana kwa munthu aliyense.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, ngati muli ndi zizindikirozi, m'malo mopanga zisankho nokha, kapena kufunafuna mankhwala pa intaneti, pezani dokotala wabwino, pezani chifukwa chenicheni, ndikupeza chithandizo choyenera.

Musadandaule, nthawi zambiri, ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso kuyang'aniridwa bwino, mutha kuwongolera vutoli ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Khalani omasuka komanso oona mtima kwa dokotala wanu pa chilichonse, ndipo funsani mafunso aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo. Izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino izi ndikukuthandizani kuthana nazo bwino.

` thrombocytopenia, kuchuluka kwa ma platelet, ma platelet, mafuta am'mafupa, kutuluka magazi, kuvulala, ITP, matenda a magazi, nkhani yachipatala ya Sinhala, petechiae