Kodi pali munthu wapafupi nanu amene wasintha izi? Tiyeni tiphunzire za matenda a Pick

Nthawi zambiri timadabwa tikaona kusintha kosayembekezereka kwa khalidwe ndi malankhulidwe a okondedwa athu ena, sichoncho? Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe angakhale akuyambitsa kusinthaku. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yovuta pang'ono, tiyeni tiyese kuimvetsa mosavuta.

Kodi matenda a Pick ndi chiyani? Kodi amasiyana bwanji ndi matenda a Niemann-Pick?

Mwachidule, Matenda a Pick ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ubongo, pang'onopang'ono amapha maselo. Ndi mtundu wa matenda a dementia otchedwa frontotemporal dementia (FTD) . Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu osakwana zaka 65. Kale, matenda a frontotemporal dementia ankatchedwanso matenda a Pick. Koma tsopano, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito dzinali pokhapokha ngati pali zinthu zina zomwe zakwaniritsidwa.

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "O... kodi matenda a Pick ndi ofanana ndi matenda a Niemann-Pick?" Ayi, ndi matenda awiri osiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti gawo la "Pick" la dzinalo ndi lofanana mwangozi, matenda awiriwa sali ofanana.

• Matenda a Pick: Dzina lake linachokera kwa Arnold Pick, katswiri wa zamaganizo komanso wa ku Czech yemwe adazindikira matendawa koyamba mu 1892. Ndi mtundu wa matenda a frontotemporal dementia (FTD), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amangokhudza ubongo wanu.
• Matenda a Niemann-Pick: Dzinali linachokera kwa madokotala awiri aku Germany, Albert Niemann ndi Ludwig Pick, ndipo limadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi komanso vuto la momwe amalamuliridwira. Mafuta akamasonkhana, amatha kukhudza ziwalo zambiri, kuphatikizapo ubongo, chiwindi, ndulu, mafuta am'mafupa, ndi mapapo.

Kodi mukumvetsa kusiyana kwake? Chimodzi ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwira ntchito mu ubongo, ndipo china ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi.

Ndani amadwala matendawa? Kodi ndi ofala bwanji?

Matenda a Pick nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali aang'ono kuposa matenda ena monga matenda a dementia. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka za m'ma 50 ndi 60. Komabe, nthawi zina amatha kupezeka mwa anthu azaka za m'ma 20 kapena 80.

Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti matendawa amatha kuchitika m'mabanja. Ofufuza apeza kusintha kwa majini katatu komwe kumakhudzana ndi matendawa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, matendawa amachitika mosiyanasiyana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu akhoza kudwala matendawa popanda mbiri ya m'banja.

N'zovuta kunena momwe matendawa alili ofala kwambiri. Akatswiri akuti pali milandu pakati pa 15 ndi 22 pa anthu 100,000 aliwonse. Komabe, pali kukayikira za kulondola kwa ziwerengerozi, chifukwa matendawa ndi ovuta kwambiri kuwazindikira pa moyo wawo wonse, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale atamwalira, zimakhala zovuta kuwazindikira. Choncho chiwerengero chenicheni cha odwala chikhoza kukhala chokwera.

Kodi matenda a Pick amakhudza bwanji thupi?

Matenda a Pick ndi matenda omwe amawononga mitsempha, mtundu wa matenda a dementia otchedwa frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Mwachidule, maselo a mitsempha (ma neuron) muubongo amasiya kugwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Zigawo za ubongo zomwe zakhudzidwa zimayamba kuchepa (atrophy). Kenako, mumataya mphamvu zomwe ziwalozo zinkalamulira. Ngakhale kuti zimafanana ndi matenda a Alzheimer, matenda a Pick nthawi zambiri amayamba ali aang'ono, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu.

Popeza matenda a Pick amakhudza mbali zina za ubongo zokha, zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe kapena luso la chilankhulo . Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Pick satha kuzindikira kuti ali ndi vuto kapena vuto. Izi zimachitika chifukwa ubongo wawo sungathe kukonza zambiri zokhudza matenda awo. Izi zimatchedwa "kusowa chidziwitso."

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a Pick ndi ziti?

Matenda a Pick amapezeka m'njira ziwiri zazikulu: imodzi ndi khalidwe la frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) , ndipo inayo ndi primary progressive aphasia (PPA), yomwe imakhudza ziwalo zokhudzana ndi chilankhulo cha ubongo.

Matenda a maganizo a frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD)

Zizindikiro za vuto la bvFTD zitha kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi limodzi akuluakulu:

• Kutaya zoletsa: "Kuletsa" ndi gawo la ubongo lomwe limatiuza kuti "musachite izi." Ziwalo zimenezi zikawonongeka, sitingathe kudziletsa kunena kapena kuchita zinthu zosayenera.
• Kusowa "sefa" ya zomwe zanenedwa: Kunena zomwe zili mumtima mwanu, nthawi zina mwanjira yopweteka ena, ndi mwano, kapena kosayenera. Mwachitsanzo, kunyoza munthu mwadzidzidzi pa phwando la banja.
• Kusalemekeza ena: Sangalemekeze zachinsinsi za ena, angawakhudze mosafuna, angayese kuchita zinthu zosayenera pogonana, ndipo angakwiye mwadzidzidzi kapena kukwiya.
• Zochita ndi makhalidwe osasamala: Izi zingaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mosasamala, komanso mwina kuba m'masitolo.

• Kusasamala: Izi zingawoneke ngati kuvutika maganizo, koma ndizosiyana pang'ono.
• Kutaya chidwi ndi chilichonse: Kutaya chidwi ndi zinthu zomwe munkakonda (zokonda, kukhala ndi nthawi ndi anzanu).
• Kudzipatula pagulu: Kupewa kukhala ndi abwenzi ndi abale.
• Kuchepa kwa chisamaliro chaumwini: Kutaya chidwi chosamba, kusintha zovala, ndi kukhala aukhondo.

• Kutaya chifundo:Izi zimatchedwanso "kuchepetsa malingaliro." Zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa momwe ena akumvera. Sasonyeza chithandizo pa chisoni kapena chimwemwe cha anthu ena monga momwe ankachitira kale.

• Makhalidwe Okakamiza: Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi makhalidwe osiyana kwambiri ndi ena.
• Kuyenda mobwerezabwereza: Kuchita mayendedwe ang'onoang'ono mobwerezabwereza, monga kuwomba m'manja, kuponda mapazi, ndi kuyenda uku ndi uku.
• Makhalidwe ovuta kapena amwambo: kuonera mafilimu omwewo mobwerezabwereza, kuwerenga mabuku omwewo, kusonkhanitsa zinthu zamtundu womwewo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusunga zinthu.
• Kubwerezabwereza: Kubwereza mawu, mawu, ndi ziganizo zomwezo mobwerezabwereza.

• Kusintha kwa zakudya kapena machitidwe okhudza pakamwa: Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amatha kukhala ndi vuto lotchedwa "hyperorality," lomwe ndi chidwi chachilendo pazinthu zokhudzana ndi pakamwa.
• Kusintha kwa kadyedwe: Anthu amakonda kudya mopitirira muyeso zakudya zomwe amakonda, makamaka zokhwasula-khwasula, maswiti, ndi mowa. Izi zingayambitse kunenepa.
• Makhalidwe okakamiza pakamwa: Kusuta fodya mokakamiza, kudya mopitirira muyeso, ndi zina zotero. Komanso, kufufuza pakamwa. Ngakhale kuti izi ndi zachilendo kwa ana aang'ono akamafufuza dziko lapansi, si zachilendo kwa akuluakulu kuchita zimenezo.
• Pica: Uku ndi kudya mokakamiza zinthu zosadyedwa, zopanda thanzi (ndalama, dothi, miyala).

• Kutaya ntchito yoyang'anira koma maluso ena sakutha: "Ntchito yoyang'anira" ikutanthauza luso lokonzekera tsiku, kuthetsa mavuto, ndikuchita zinthu. Ngakhale kuti maluso amenewa amachepa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa, maluso ena, monga kukumbukira ndi kuwona, sakhudzidwa kwambiri pachiyambi. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimasiyanitsa matenda a frontotemporal dementia ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.

Aphasia Yoyamba Yopita Patsogolo (PPA)

PPA ingathenso kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda a Pick. Izi zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamathe kulankhula bwino, monga kulankhula ndi kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena. Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya PPA, mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu yomwe ingagwirizane ndi matenda a Pick ndi iyi:

• Nonfluent variant PPA (nfvPPA): Mu mtundu uwu, n'kovuta kufananiza mawu ndikugwiritsa ntchito galamala yolondola. Ngakhale kuti mawu amodzi ndi ziganizo zosavuta zimatha kumveka, ziganizo zovuta zimavuta kuzimvetsa.
• Mtundu wa Semantic PPA (svPPA):Mtundu uwu umavutika kusankha mawu oyenera kapena kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la mawu. Zinthu zina zomwe zanenedwa sizingakhale zomveka, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena. Pakhoza kukhala mavuto powerenga ndi kulemba, koma amatha kubwereza zomwe ena akunena mwanjira yomweyo.

Tangoganizirani, bambo anu mwadzidzidzi asintha kuchokera kwa munthu amene anali kale, akudzudzula aliyense, akugwiritsa ntchito ndalama mosasamala, kapena akuimba nyimbo yomweyo tsiku lonse. Kapena, mukamalankhula nawo, mawu awo amasokonezeka, ndipo amamva ngati sakumvetsa zomwe mukunena. Izi ndi zitsanzo za zinthu zomwe takhala tikukambirana.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa vutoli? Kodi ndi lopatsirana?

Matenda a Pick ndi mtundu wa matenda a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) omwe ali ndi chifukwa chake. Ubongo wathu ndi maselo a mitsempha ali ndi puloteni yapadera yotchedwa tau . Mapuloteni awa amafunika kukhala ndi mawonekedwe enaake, apo ayi sagwira ntchito bwino.

Mapuloteni a tau akamalephera kugwira ntchito, kusakanikirana, ndikusonkhana mkati mwa ma neuron, maselo amenewo amawonongeka ndikuwonongeka. Ma neuron owonongeka amatchedwa "ma cell a Pick." Amatupa ndikuoneka ngati baluni. Magulu a mapuloteni a tau omwe amalumikizana mkati mwa maselo amatchedwa "ma bodies a Pick." Izi zitha kuwoneka pansi pa maikulosikopu. Chofunika kwambiri, ma cell a Pick ndi ma bodies a Pick awa samawoneka mu matenda ena aliwonse.

Chifukwa chake mapuloteni a tau sagwira ntchito bwino akadali chinsinsi. Ngakhale ofufuza agwirizanitsa kusintha kwa majini ndi izi, nthawi zambiri matendawa si obadwa nawo.

Matendawa si opatsirana. Sapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Ngakhale kuti pali kuthekera kwa kupatsirana m'mibadwo yambiri, nthawi zambiri sizimachitika.

Kodi matenda a Pick amawapeza bwanji? Kodi mayeso otani amachitidwa?

Madokotala amatha kuzindikira matenda a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) kudzera mu mayeso a thupi ndi a mitsempha, mayeso ozindikira matenda ndi zithunzi, ndipo zotsatira zake zitha kudziwa ngati ndi FTD ya khalidwe kapena mtundu wa PPA.

Komabe, njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati matenda a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) a munthu amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a Pick ndi kufufuza matupi a Pick ndi maselo a Pick m'minofu yawo ya ubongo. Izi zitha kuwoneka pongoyang'ana chitsanzo cha minofu ya ubongo pansi pa maikulosikopu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda a Pick amatha kuzindikirika bwino munthu akamwalira, pa nthawi yofufuza za mtembo.

Mayeso ngati awa akhoza kuchitidwa kuti adziwe matenda a FTD:

• Mayeso a magazi: Izi zimafuna zizindikiro za mankhwala otchedwa "biomarkers" zomwe zingathandize kuzindikira matenda ena.
• Mayeso a madzi a m'mphuno:Izi zimachitika potenga madzi kuchokera ku msana (msana wopopera / kupunthwa kwa lumbar).
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computerized tomography - CT scan)
• EEG (Electroencephalogram)
• Kuyesa majini
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Kujambula kwa maginito - MRI)
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron emission tomography - Kujambula kwa PET)

Kodi pali mankhwala a matenda a Pick? Kodi angachiritsidwe?

Mwatsoka, palibe mankhwala, chithandizo, kapena njira yopewera matenda a Pick. Madokotala amatha kupereka mankhwala othandizira kuthana ndi zizindikiro monga kuvutika maganizo, kusamvera, ndi khalidwe laukali. Komabe, popeza mankhwala awa amasiyana malinga ndi munthu, dokotala wanu ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri woti mulankhule naye.

Kodi chiopsezo chotenga matendawa chingachepe?

Matenda a Pick amapezeka m'njira zosayembekezereka komanso zosadziwika bwino. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano palibe njira yopewera kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa angayembekezere tsogolo lotani?

Mu mitundu yonse ya FTD, kuphatikizapo matenda a Pick, ubongo umachepa pang'onopang'ono. Monga momwe zimakhalira, ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zakhudzidwa zimataya mphamvu zawo zogwirira ntchito. Mu matenda a Pick, izi nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimalamulira khalidwe kapena ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa kulankhula ndi luso lomvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena.

Mungatayenso chidziwitso cha matenda anu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mungataye mphamvu yomvetsetsa zizindikiro ndi zomwe zikukuchitikirani chifukwa cha matendawa.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la frontotemporal dementia (FTD) pang'onopang'ono amataya mphamvu zodziyimira pawokha. Pamene matendawa akupitirira, angafunike chisamaliro cha maola 24 kuchokera kwa okondedwa awo kapena akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino. Izi zingafunike chisamaliro cha nthawi yayitali.

Anthu omwe ali ndi FTD angavutike kumeza (dysphagia) , zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kudya, kumwa, ndi kulankhula. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda monga chibayo kapena kulephera kupuma.

Mitundu yonse ya matenda a FTD, kuphatikizapo matenda a Pick, ndi matenda a moyo wonse. Matendawa ndi oopsa, pang'onopang'ono amawononga ziwalo zazikulu za ubongo. Mavuto amatha kukhala oopsa komanso oopsa. Popeza nthawi yoti munthu akhale ndi moyo imasiyana malinga ndi munthu, n'zovuta kunena momwe matendawa adzakukhudzireni komanso nthawi yomwe adzakhalire. Dokotala wanu (kapena dokotala amene akuchiritsa wokondedwa wanu) angakuuzeni zambiri za izi.

Kodi mungagwiritse ntchito bwanji chifuniro chanu ngati simungathe kupanga zisankho nokha?

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) kumayambiriro kwake, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu, banja lanu kapena okondedwa anu, ndi omwe mumawadalira omwe angakupangireni zisankho zofunika mwachangu. Kukambirana kumeneku kungakhale kovuta, koma kukambirana za izi msanga m'malo mopita patsogolo kungathandize okondedwa anu kudziwa zomwe mukufuna ngati simungathe kulankhula za nkhani zanu kapena kupanga zisankho.

Kuwonjezera pa kukambiranako, ndikofunikiranso kulemba zomwe mukufuna komanso zisankho zanu. Ngati simungathe kudzisamalira nokha, kapena ngati simungathe kupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi chisamaliro chanu kapena ubwino wanu, ganizirani zokonzekera zikalata zamalamulo. Mutha kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa loya kuti mukonze zikalatazi, koma muthanso kukonzekera zina mwa izo nokha (kutengera malamulo amdera lanu, zingafunike chilolezo cha notary kapena mkulu wina).

Kodi mumatani ngati munthu amene ali pafupi nanu akusonyeza zizindikiro zimenezi?

Anthu omwe ali ndi FTD nthawi zambiri sadziwa zizindikiro kapena vuto lawo. Chifukwa saona kuti ali ndi vuto, sakhulupirira kuti akufunika thandizo lachipatala. Kusamvetsetsa kumeneku kungakhale kokhumudwitsa komanso koopsa kwa munthu amene ali ndi zizindikirozo komanso omwe ali pafupi naye.

Ngati munthu amene ali pafupi nanu akusonyeza zizindikiro za FTD kapena vuto lofanana, mungayesere kuthandiza m'njira izi:

• Funsani momwe mungathandizire: Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi FTD akuwonetsa zizindikiro, sangazindikire kuti izi ndi zizindikiro za vuto lalikulu la ubongo. Mwa kuwamvera, kupereka chithandizo chanu, amatha kumva kuti ali ogwirizana ndi anthu omwe amawadalira, ndipo angapeze chilimbikitso chomwe amafunikira kuti akaone dokotala.
• Alimbikitseni kufunafuna thandizo: Ngakhale kuti matenda a frontotemporal dementia (FTD) ndi matenda omwe alibe mankhwala kapena chithandizo, pali njira zochiritsira ndikuwongolera zizindikiro zina. Ntchitozi zingathandize kwambiri kukonza moyo wa munthu amene ali ndi vutoli. Kuonana ndi dokotala kungathandize munthu amene ali ndi matenda a FTD kupeza chithandizo. Chisamaliro chapadera chingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro zina zosasangalatsa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa komanso mabanja awo.
• Khalani chete ndipo musatengere zinthu ngati zanu: Anthu omwe ali ndi FTD nthawi zambiri satha kulamulira zomwe akunena kapena kuchita. Izi zingawoneke ngati akufuna kukwiyitsa, kuchititsa manyazi, kapena kuvulaza ena, koma kwenikweni ndi vuto lachipatala.
• Musaope kupempha thandizo: Kusamalira munthu yemwe ali ndi FTD kungakhale kovuta kwambiri, makamaka pamene vutoli likuipiraipira pakapita nthawi. Musaope kupempha thandizo kapena zinthu zina. Mabungwe ambiri aboma ndi achinsinsi amapereka njira zothandizira, monga kusamalira akuluakulu, kusamalira anthu opuma pantchito, komanso kusamalira ana odziwa bwino ntchito kunyumba.
• Chisamaliro cha nthawi yayitali chingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri: Kwa ambiri, kusamalira wokondedwa wanu ndi FTD kungamveke ngati ntchito yanthawi zonse. Si aliyense amene angapereke nthawi kapena khama lochuluka chonchi posamalira wokondedwa wake. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuganizira ngati wokondedwa wanu akufunika chisamaliro m'malo osamalira odwala nthawi yayitali okhala ndi malo osamalira odwala odziwa bwino ntchito. Ngakhale kuti izi zingakhale zovuta kupanga chisankho, chisamaliro chotere chingakhale njira yabwino kwambiri yowonetsetsa kuti ali otetezeka, omasuka, komanso ali ndi osamalira odziwa bwino ntchito.

Pomaliza, uthenga wopita nawo kunyumba

Matenda a Pick ndi matenda otchedwa frontotemporal dementia (FTD), omwe ndi mtundu wa dementia womwe umawononga ubongo pang'onopang'ono ali wamng'ono kuposa matenda ena a ubongo okhudzana ndi ukalamba. FTD imakhudzanso ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimathandiza munthu kumvetsetsa zoyenera ndi zosayenera za khalidwe lake. Izi zingayambitse kukhumudwa, kusamvetsetsana, ndi kusokoneza kwakukulu miyoyo ya aliyense wokhudzidwa. Ngakhale zizindikiro zina zimatha kuchiritsidwa, palibe mankhwala omwe angathetse matendawa okha, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amafunika chisamaliro chosalekeza, maola 24.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene muli naye pafupi akukumana ndi zizindikiro zimenezi, chinthu chabwino kuchita ndikupempha upangiri kwa dokotala. Kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha, ndipo pali malo oti mupeze thandizo.

Matenda a Pick, Frontotemporal Dementia, Dementia, Matenda a Ubongo, Neurodegenerative, Tau Protein, Kusintha kwa Khalidwe