Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza chibayo. Si chimfine chokha!

Kodi mukudwala chimfine, chifuwa chomwe chikukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kumva kupsinjika kwachilendo pachifuwa panu? Mwina si chimfine chokha, chingakhale chibayo. Musadandaule, tikambirana za chibayo, momwe mungapewere, komanso zomwe mungachite ngati mutachipeza lero.

Kodi chibayo kwenikweni n’chiyani?

Mwachidule, chibayo ndi matenda a m'mapapo mwanu. Amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena nthawi zina bowa. Matendawa amachititsa kuti minofu ya m'mapapo mwanu itukuke ndikudzaza ndi madzi kapena mafinya. Taganizirani ngati siponji yomwe imayamwa madzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma.

Chibayo cha bakiteriya nthawi zambiri chimakhala choopsa kwambiri kuposa chibayo cha kachilombo. Chibayo cha kachilombo nthawi zambiri chimatha chokha. Vutoli lingakhudze mapapu amodzi okha kapena mapapu onse awiri. Likakhudza mapapu onse awiri, limatchedwa ``bilateral pneumonia`` kapena ``double pneumonia``.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chibayo cha mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya?

Ngakhale kuti zonsezi ndi matenda a m'mapapo, pali kusiyana pang'ono kwa zizindikiro kutengera chomwe chimayambitsa. Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pa chithandizo.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya chibayo kutengera momwe chimakulira.

Madokotala amagawa chibayo m'mitundu ikuluikulu ingapo, kutengera momwe mudachipezera komanso kachilombo komwe kanayambitsa.

Chibayo chomwe chimapezeka m'dera (CAP)

Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri. Ngati mutapeza matendawa m'dera lanu, osati kuchipatala, pamene mukukhala moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku, umatchedwa `CAP`. Zifukwa zazikulu za matendawa ndi izi:

• Mabakiteriya: Choyambitsa chachikulu ndi bakiteriya yotchedwa `Streptococcus pneumoniae`. Izi zingayambitsenso matenda a m'makutu ndi mavuto a m'mphuno. Chibayo chomwe chimayambitsa `Mycoplasma pneumoniae` sichikhala ndi zizindikiro zambiri.
• Mavairasi: Mavairasi monga chimfine, fuluwenza, COVID-19, ndi RSV angayambitsenso chibayo.
• Bowa: Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka amathanso kudwala chibayo chifukwa cha bowa.

Chibayo chopezeka kuchipatala (HAP)

Ngati mudwala chibayo muli kuchipatala chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena opaleshoni, imatchedwa `HAP.` Izi ndi zoopsa pang'ono chifukwa majeremusi omwe ali m'zipatala sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki ena. Chitsanzo ndi mabakiteriya otchedwa `MRSA.` Chifukwa chake mtundu uwu ndi wovuta kuchiza.

Chibayo cha kupuma

Uwu ndi mtundu wofunikira kwambiri. Ngati chinthu chomwe mumadya, kumwa, kulavulira, kapena kusanza m'mapapu anu kudzera munjira yanu yopumira, chikhoza kutenga kachilomboka ndikuyambitsa vutoli. Zili ngati chakudya "chapita molakwika." Nthawi zambiri, titha kuchikoka ndikuchichotsa. Koma kwa iwo omwe sangathe kuchita zimenezo, makamaka okalamba kapena omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha, chiopsezo chimakhala chachikulu.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati izi ndi chimfine, chimfine, kapena chibayo?

Ndipotu, zizindikiro za matenda onse atatuwa zimafanana, kotero nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kuzisokoneza. Komabe, chibayo ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingakhale loopsa, choncho ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi , muyenera kuwona dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chibayo?

Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kutenga chibayo, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

• Makanda osakwana zaka ziwiri ndi anthu opitirira zaka 65.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo monga mphumu, COPD, kapena matenda a mtima.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha monga sitiroko ndi matenda a Parkinson omwe amawavuta kumeza.
• Anthu omwe ali m'zipatala kapena m'nyumba zosungira okalamba.
• Anthu osuta.
• Amayi oyembekezera.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga omwe amalandira chithandizo cha mankhwala a khansa, omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS, omwe adaikidwa ziwalo zina).

Kodi zizindikiro za chibayo ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, ndipo zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi chifukwa chake.

Zizindikiro za chibayo cha bakiteriya

Zizindikiro zimenezi zingaonekere mwadzidzidzi kapena pang'onopang'ono.

• Malungo aakulu (mwina mpaka 40.5 Celsius).
• Kutsokomola mamina achikasu, obiriwira, kapena amagazi.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.
• Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopuma komanso kupuma movutikira.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima.
• Kumva kuzizira komanso thukuta.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa ndi m'mimba mukakosoza kapena kupuma mozama.
• Chakudyacho sichikoma.
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wa buluu wa khungu, milomo, kapena misomali (cyanosis).
• Matenda amisala kapena chisokonezo (makamaka kwa okalamba).

Zizindikiro za chibayo cha mavairasi

Izi zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pakapita masiku angapo.

• Chifuwa chouma.
• Mutu.
• Kupweteka kwa minofu.
• Kutopa kwambiri kapena kufooka.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonekera mwa ana aang'ono ndi makanda

Kawirikawiri, makanda aang'ono sasonyeza zizindikiro zomwezo monga akuluakulu. Monga kholo, muyenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi izi.

• Malungo, kuzizira, thukuta.
• Chifuwa.
• Kupuma movutikira kapena kupuma mofulumira (tachypnea).
• Kukana kudya ndi kumwa.
• Kusanza.
• Wopanda moyo, wogona nthawi zonse.
• Kulira kosalekeza komanso kusakhazikika.
• Kuchepa kwa kukodza (kuchepa kwa kunyowa ndi matewera).
• Khungu lotumbululuka.
• Kuvuta kuyamwa mkaka.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonedwa mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65

Anthu okalamba sangasonyeze zizindikiro zodziwika bwino monga chifuwa ndi malungo. M'malo mwake, angakumane ndi zinthu ngati izi.

• Matenda amisala mwadzidzidzi.
• Chakudyacho sichikoma.
• Kutopa kwambiri.

Kodi chibayo chimafalikira?

Funso limene anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. Ndipotu, matenda otchedwa chibayo sapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Komabe, majeremusi (mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya) omwe amayambitsa chibayo ndi opatsirana.

Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene ali ndi chimfine akhoza kufalitsa chimfine kwa munthu wina. Koma si aliyense amene ali ndi chimfine amene adzadwala chimfine. Koma kwa anthu ena, chimfinecho chikhoza kukhala chachikulu n’kukhala chimfine. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi kachilombo komwe kakufalikira, osati chimfine chokha.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji chibayo?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, adzamvetsera mapapu anu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope, kenako, ngati pakufunika, adzayesa mayeso angapo ngati awa.

Kodi mankhwala a chibayo ndi otani?

Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa chibayo chanu komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa.

• Mankhwala opha tizilombo:Izi zimaperekedwa kokha pa chibayo cha bakiteriya. Sizigwira ntchito pa mavairasi.
• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi: Mankhwala monga oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) nthawi zina amaperekedwa pa chibayo cha mavairasi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri chibayo cha mavairasi chimatha chokha.
• Mankhwala oletsa bowa: Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati matendawa ayambitsidwa ndi bowa.
• Chithandizo cha okosijeni: Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, mpweya umaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu cha m'mphuno kapena chophimba pakamwa.
• Madzi a m'mitsempha (saline): Saline imaperekedwa mumtsempha kuti isathe madzi m'thupi.

Kodi mungatani kuti muchepetse zizindikiro kunyumba?

Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani, palinso zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kunyumba.

• Imwani mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga `Paracetamol` kapena `Ibuprofen` pa malungo ndi kupweteka kwa thupi monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera. Musapatse ana aang'ono aspirin popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
• Funsani dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala a chifuwa, chifukwa kutsokomola ndi njira yachilengedwe yochotsera mamina m'mapapo.
• Pumulani mokwanira. Kupumula thupi lanu ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchiritse msanga.
• Imwani madzi ambiri monga madzi, madzi a zipatso, ndi phala.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito chotenthetsera mpweya, chomwe chimawonjezera chinyezi mumlengalenga m'chipinda chanu, kungathandize kupuma mosavuta.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji chibayo?

Njira yabwino yopewera chibayo ndikutenga katemera wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amayambitsa chibayo.

• Katemera: Pali katemera wotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya a `pneumococcal` omwe amayambitsa chibayo (`Pneumovax23®`, `Prevnar13®`). Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemera woyenera kwa inu kapena banja lanu. Ndikofunikiranso kwambiri kulandira katemera wa `chimfine` ndi katemera wa `COVID-19` chaka chilichonse. Perekani ana anu aang'ono katemera amene amafunikira pa nthawi yake.
• Pewani kusuta: Kusuta kumawononga mapapo anu ndipo kumakupangitsani kukhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino: Sambani m'manja mwanu nthawi zonse ndi sopo.
• Moyo Wathanzi: Munthu amene amadya bwino, amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso amagona mokwanira amakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu chamthupi.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala ndikupita ku ETU?

Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala.

• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Malungo kapena chifuwa chophatikizana ndi phlegm.
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.
• Chakudyacho sichikoma.

Komabe, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zotsatirazi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Pangozi (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo.

• Ngati n'kovuta kupuma ngakhale mutangokhala chete.
• Ngati kupweteka pachifuwa kwayamba kapena kukuwonjezeka.
• Ngati chikumbumtima chanu chasokonekera ndipo simungathe kuganiza bwino.