Tiyeni tiphunzire za mankhwala oletsa protease omwe amaletsa matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi.

Tonse tamva za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a matenda osiyanasiyana, sichoncho? Lero tikambirana za mtundu wosiyana pang'ono wa mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amatchedwa 'Protease Inhibitors'. Mwina simunamvepo za dzinali, koma mtundu uwu wa mankhwala ndi wofunikira poletsa matenda akuluakulu a kachilombo monga HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C, ndi COVID-19. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe izi ndi, momwe zimagwirira ntchito, komanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza iwo.

Mwachidule, kodi zoletsa protease zimenezi ndi ziti?

Mwachidule, mankhwala oletsa ma proteinase ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi . Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikuletsa kachilombo kuti kasadzipangire kachilombo kokha kakalowa m'thupi mwathu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sikangathe kufalikira. Mankhwalawa kwenikweni 'amaletsa' kachilomboka kufalikira.

Mankhwalawa amadziwika kwambiri ngati mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya kachilombo ka HIV/AIDS. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda a chiwindi C ndi COVID-19.

Nthawi zina mankhwala oletsa protease awa amaperekedwa okha (monotherapy). Koma nthawi zambiri, amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena oletsa mavairasi. Izi zimachitika kuti chithandizo chikhale chogwira mtima. Izi zimatchedwanso "boosters".

Kodi matenda akuluakulu omwe amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwalawa ndi ati?

Mankhwala otchedwa protease inhibitors ndi ovomerezeka kuchiza matenda enaake a mavairasi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Kuti timvetse izi, tiyeni titenge chitsanzo chaching'ono. Tangoganizani kuti kachilombo ndi fakitale yomwe imapanga unyolo wautali wa mapuloteni. Kuti unyolo wautali uwu ugwire ntchito, uyenera kudulidwa m'zidutswa zazing'ono, zogwira ntchito. 'Lumo' lapadera lomwe kachilomboka kamagwiritsa ntchito podula izi ndi ma enzyme otchedwa 'proteases' .

Kodi mitundu ya protease inhibitors ndi iti?

Popeza kachilombo kalikonse kali ndi enzyme yake ya protease, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala oletsa protease amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV, chiwindi cha C, ndi COVID-19. Palinso njira yosavuta yowazindikira.

• Mayina a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zambiri amathera ndi "-navir" .
• Mayina a mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a chiwindi cha mtundu wa C nthawi zambiri amathera ndi mawu akuti "-previr."

Mankhwala oletsa ma protein a HIV

Izi zimaletsa enzyme ya protease yotchedwa HIV-PR, yomwe kachilombo ka HIV kamagwiritsa ntchito kupanga makope ake.

• Atazanavir
• Darunavir
• Fosamprenavir
• Indinavir
• Lopinavir
• Nelfinavir
• Ritonavir
• Saquinavir
• Tipranavir

Mankhwala oletsa ma protein a chiwindi cha C

Izi zimaletsa enzyme ya NS3/4A serine protease, yomwe kachilombo ka hepatitis C kamagwiritsa ntchito kupanga makope ake.

• Boceprevir
• Glecaprevir
• Grazoprevir
• Paritaprevir
• Simeprevir
• Telaprevir

Mankhwala oletsa ma protein a COVID-19

Paxlovid® ndi mankhwala ophatikizana a protease inhibitors awiri, nirmatrelvir ndi ritonavir, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza COVID-19.

Kodi ndingasankhe bwanji mankhwala oyenera kwa ine?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti mankhwala awa angandithandize chiyani.Dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angasankhe. Iye adzaganizira zinthu zingapo posankha mankhwala oyenera kwa inu.

• Kodi muli ndi kachilombo kotani komwe kamayambitsa matendawa ?
• Thanzi lanu lonse ndi matenda ena aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo (monga matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima).
• Ndi mankhwala ena ati omwe mukumwa panopa (popeza pakhoza kukhala kuyanjana pakati pa awa).
• Kodi mudamwapo kale mankhwala ena a vutoli?
• Kupambana kwa mankhwala kumadalira mtundu wa kachilombo komwe mwatenga.
• Za zotsatirapo kapena mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha mankhwala.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ubwino wa mankhwalawa ndi ziti?

Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, mankhwala oletsa protease ali ndi ubwino komanso zotsatirapo zake.

Ubwino waukulu

• Monga gawo la chithandizo cha ART kwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, zimathandiza kuti kuchuluka kwa kachilombo ka HIV m'thupi kukhale kosaonekera.
• Zimathandiza kuchiza matenda a hepatitis C.
• Zimathandiza kupewa matenda a COVID-19 kuti asakule kwambiri.

Zotsatirapo zomwe zingatheke

Zotsatirapo zake zimadalira mankhwala omwe mukumwa, mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa, komanso thanzi lanu. Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndikudziwitsani.

Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti chithandizo chikhale chosavuta?

Mukakhala mukulandira chithandizochi, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse zotsatirapo zina ndikupangitsa kuti chithandizocho chikhale chosavuta.

• Imwani mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, panthawi yoyenera, komanso mu mlingo woyenera. Musadumphe mlingo umodzi.
• Imwani madzi ambiri. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa impso.
• Pewani kumwa mankhwala ena omwe angasokoneze mankhwala anu. Funsani dokotala wanu za izi.
• Mankhwala ena amagwira ntchito bwino akamwedwa ndi chakudya . Ena amafuna zakudya zamafuta. Funsani dokotala wanu momwe mungamwere mankhwala anu ndipo tsatirani malangizowo.

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zosayembekezereka panthawi ya chithandizo kapena muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza chithandizocho, funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Makamaka, ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zotsatirazi, funsani upangiri wachipatala nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi (ETU) yapafupi.

• Malungo
• Kusokonezeka kapena kusintha kwa maganizo
• Kuoneka kwachikasu pakhungu kapena m'maso (jaundice)
• Matuza, kupweteka, kapena ziphuphu zofalikira
• Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba
• Kusanza kwambiri