Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati mukuvutika kupuma, ngati kuti chifuwa chanu chili cholimba? Kodi mumamva kutopa ngakhale mutayenda mtunda waufupi? Nthawi zambiri timaiwala zinthuzi, poganiza kuti ndi kutopa kwachibadwa. Komabe, lero tikambirana za matenda aakulu omwe angakhale kumbuyo kwa zizindikirozi, ngakhale kuti ndi osowa kwambiri. Imeneyo ndi Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis, kapena PAP mwachidule.
Mwachidule, kodi Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizani kuti mapapo athu ali ndi timatumba tating'ono ta mpweya tochuluka mamiliyoni ambiri. Timati timatumba tating'ono ta mpweya timeneti ndi alveoli . Tikamapuma, timalandira mpweya kudzera mu timatumba ta mpweya timeneti.
Tsopano, mu PAP, chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti mapuloteni, mafuta, ndi zinthu zina zimasonkhana mkati mwa matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya, ngati zinyalala. Chifukwa cha izi ndichakuti maselo omwe amayeretsa chinthu chonga mafuta chotchedwa surfactant, chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe m'makoma a matumba a mpweya awa, sagwira ntchito bwino. Kenako surfactant iyi imasonkhanitsa ndikutseka matumba a mpweya. Chifukwa chake, mpweya sungalowe bwino, kotero magazi salandira mpweya wochuluka womwe amafunikira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta.
Uwu ndi matenda oopsa a m'mapapo. Chifukwa chake, mukamva dzinali, mungamve mantha. Koma musadandaule, ndi chithandizo choyenera, matendawa ndi zizindikiro zake zitha kuthetsedwa bwino. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuwonana ndi dokotala wa matenda a m'mapapo ndikupeza chithandizo.
Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya PAP?
Inde, PAP imagawidwa m'magulu atatu. Chifukwa cha mtundu uliwonse ndi chosiyana.
| Mtundu wa PAP | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| PAP yodziteteza ku matenda | Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri. Umakhudza 90% ya odwala PAP. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti chitetezo chathu chamthupi chimaukira molakwika maselo omwe amathandiza kuti njira zopumira zikhale zoyera. |
| PAP yachiwiri | Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena kukhudzana ndi poizoni monga fumbi ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya maselo m'njira zopumira. |
| Congenital PAP | Imeneyi ndi matenda obadwa nawo, omwe amabadwa nawo. Amatha kufalikira kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimakhalapo pobadwa, pomwe nthawi zina zimatha kuonekera pambuyo pake. |
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?
Matenda a autoimmune ndi achiwiri a PAP nthawi zambiri amakhudza anthu azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 60. Mitundu iwiriyi imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna . Anthu osuta fodya komanso omwe ali ndi fumbi kapena mankhwala ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
Congenital PAP imapezeka kwambiri mwa ana osakwana zaka 10, koma imatha kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse.
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a PAP ndi ziti?
Chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chodziwika bwino cha matendawa ndi kupuma movutikira (dyspnea) . Anthu ambiri amapuma movutikira akamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena ntchito. Komabe, anthu ena angakumane ndi vutoli ngakhale atangoyima.
Komanso, mukhoza kuona zizindikiro izi:
- Kupweteka pachifuwa
- Chifuwa (mwina ndi phlegm kapena magazi)
- Kusinthika kwa mtundu wabuluu wa khungu ndi misomali (cyanosis) - Izi zimachitika pamene mpweya m'magazi mulibe wokwanira.
- Kutopa kosalekeza
- Malungo
- Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo pafupipafupi
- Zala zokhala ndi zibonga
- Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda a PAP, dokotala wanu adzayamba kaye akuyesani ndikumvetsera mapapu anu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope. Kenako adzakufunsani mafunso okhudza mbiri ya matenda a m'banja mwanu komanso moyo wanu. Ngati mukusuta fodya, muli pamavuto a fumbi kapena mankhwala, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu .
Kenako, mayeso angapo angachitike kuti atsimikizire matendawa:
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyezetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi. Komanso, mayeso enaake monga GM-CSF autoantibodies angachitike kuti apeze chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a PAP.
- Kuyesa kwa ntchito ya mapapo: Kumayesa momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito.
- Kujambula pachifuwa pa X-ray kapena CT scan: Kuti muwone bwino momwe mapapo alili.
- Kujambula kwa bronchi:Njira yomwe chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera chimayikidwa kudzera pakamwa pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti chione mkati mwa njira yopumira ndi mapapo.
- Kujambula mapapo: Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera m'mapapo panthawi ya bronchoscopy kapena panthawi ya opaleshoni kuti akafufuzidwe.
Kodi mankhwala a PAP ndi otani?
Pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a PAP, koma pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri omwe angakuthandizeni kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Chithandizo chachikulu komanso chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri cha PAP ndi "Whole-Lung Lavage" (WLL) .
Kodi kusamba m'mapapo kumeneku n'chiyani?
Chomwe chimachitika pamenepa ndi chakuti dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito bronchoscope (chubu cha kamera) kutsuka mapapu limodzi ndi limodzi ndi saline (madzi amchere oyeretsedwa) kuti achotse mapuloteni ndi mafuta omwe ali m'maselo. Pambuyo pake, kupuma kumakhala kosavuta.
Mukamachita chithandizo ichi:
- Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu, kotero simudzamva chilichonse.
- Dokotala amaika bronchoscope kudzera pakamwa ndikuilozera pa mapapu amodzi.
- Mpweya wa okosijeni umaperekedwa ku mapapo ena ndi makina.
- Nthawi zina mumavala jekete logwedezeka pachifuwa panu. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumamasula zinthu zomwe zimamatira m'matumba anu a mpweya.
- Kenako madzi amchere amalowetsedwa m'mapapo, ndipo akachotsedwa, amatuluka ndi zinthu zomwe zinamatirira.
- Mwina mapapu enawo amatsukidwa nthawi yomweyo, kapena patatha masiku angapo.
Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa matendawa, chithandizochi chingafunike kuchitika miyezi ingapo kapena kamodzi pachaka. Komabe, anthu ena sangafunike chithandizochi. Dokotala ndiye adzasankha zimenezo.
Mankhwala ena
- Mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa kwa mapapo: Mankhwalawa amamasula minofu yozungulira njira zopumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta.
- Chithandizo cholowa m'malo mwa GM-CSF: Ichi chimapumidwa kudzera mu nebulizer kapena kuperekedwa ngati jakisoni. Chimathandiza kuti maselo omwe amayeretsa njira zopumira azigwira ntchito bwino.
- Kuika mapapo: Anthu omwe matenda awo ndi oopsa kwambiri komanso omwe mapapo awo awonongeka angafunike kuikidwa mapapo athanzi ngati njira yomaliza.
- Plasmapheresis ndi kusinthana kwa plasma: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa gawo lamadzimadzi m'magazi (plasma) ndikuyikamo plasma kuchokera kwa munthu wathanzi. Mu PAP yodziyimira payokha, izi zimathandiza kuletsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuukira maselo athanzi.
- Mpweya wowonjezera: Mpweya umaperekedwa kudzera mu chigoba kapena chubu chaching'ono chomwe chimayikidwa m'mphuno kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta.
Kodi ndingachite chiyani ngati munthu amene ali ndi PAP?
Ngati muli ndi PAP, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira chithandizo chomwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani komanso kusamalira moyo wanu.
- Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu ndipo pewani kukhala pamalo omwe ena amasuta.
- Pezani katemera wa chimfine (chimfine) ndi chibayo monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera.
- Khalani kutali ndi anthu odwala.
- Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndipo samalani kulemera kwanu.
- Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi komanso musanadye komanso mutadya.
- Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndipo pangani ndondomeko yotetezeka yochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi yomwe ikuyenererani.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) ndi vuto losowa kwambiri pomwe mapuloteni ndi mafuta amasonkhana m'matumba a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapo.
- Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi kuvutika kupuma. Kuphatikiza apo, chifuwa, kupweteka pachifuwa, komanso kutopa kumatha kuchitika.
- Ngakhale kuti ichi ndi chinthu choopa, mankhwala othandiza kwambiri monga "Whole-Lung Lavage" angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikukuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, muyenera kuonana ndi katswiri wa mapapo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira matendawa ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu momwe mungathere.
- Kupewa kusuta fodya komanso kudziteteza ku fumbi ndi utsi wa mankhwala kungathandize kwambiri kudziteteza ku matendawa.
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