Kodi ndi chotupa mkamwa? Kodi iyi ndi khansa ya m'malovu? Tiyeni tipeze tsatanetsatane!

Kodi munayamba mwamvapo chotupa mkamwa mwanu, pa tsaya lanu, kapena pakhosi panu? Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono zikachitika zimenezo, sichoncho? Koma si zotupa zonse zomwe ndi khansa yoopsa. Komabe, nthawi zina izi zingayambitsidwe ndi vuto la zotupa zathu za m'malovu, ndiko kuti, zotupa zomwe zimapanga malovu. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za khansa ya m'malovu iyi mwatsatanetsatane, monga momwe mungalankhulire ndi mnzanu.

Kodi khansa ya m'malovu ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya m'malovu ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'malovu athu, omwe ndi ma gland omwe amapanga malovu. Mukudziwa, ma gland awa amapezeka m'kamwa ndi pakhosi pathu. Amapanga malovu. Ndi malovu awa omwe amatithandiza kuyamba kugaya chakudya chomwe timadya.

Tsopano, pali mitundu iwiri ya zotupa zomwe zimapangidwa m'malovu awa.

• Zotupa zosavulaza: Izi si khansa, koma nthawi zina zingayambitse mavuto.
• Matenda otupa: Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha khansa.

Mitundu yonse iwiri ya zotupa imatha kufalikira mu glands iliyonse ya malovu athu.

Kodi khansa imeneyi ndi yofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, khansa ya m'malovu ndi yosowa kwambiri . Imakhala pafupifupi 1% ya khansa zonse za m'mutu ndi pakhosi. Mitundu iwiri yodziwika kwambiri ndi Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ndi Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. Mitundu iwiriyi pamodzi imapanga pafupifupi theka la khansa zonse za m'malovu.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya m'malovu?

Izi zitha kuchitika kwa aliyense. Komabe, zapezeka kuti amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza zotupa za khansa. Kuphatikiza apo, mungakhale pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha vutoli pazifukwa zotsatirazi:

• Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 55.
• Ngati mumasuta kapena kumwa mowa nthawi zonse, izi ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri.
• Ngati mudalandirapo kale chithandizo cha radiation kumutu kapena pakhosi.
• Ntchito zina zapadera , monga ma plumber, makampani opanga rabara, migodi ya asbestos, kapena kupanga zinthu zachikopa, akuti zili pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti mitundu ina yosowa ya khansa ya m'malovu ndi yofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake a kachilombo, monga kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr ndi kachilombo ka Human Papilloma (HPV). Komabe , izi sizikutanthauza kuti mavairasi amenewa ndi omwe amayambitsa khansa . Ulalowu ukufufuzidwabe.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya m’malovu?

Kunena zoona, chomwe chimayambitsa khansa zambiri za m'malovu sichikudziwikabe.Zotupa zimenezi zimatha kupangika m'malovu aliwonse omwe ali mkamwa mwathu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zimapangika m'malovu atatu akuluakulu. Ndi awa:

• Matumbo a Parotid: Awa amapezeka mkati mwa masaya athu.
• Ma glands a pansi pa ntchafu: Awa ali pansi pa fupa la nsagwada yapansi.
• Ma glands a sublingual: Awa ali pansi pa lilime, pansi pa pakamwa.

Nthawi zambiri, zotupa, zonse za khansa komanso zosakhala khansa, zimayambira mu parotid glands.

Khansa zimenezi zimathanso kufalikira m'maselo ang'onoang'ono a malovu, omwe ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapezeka mkamwa mwathu, lilime, m'milomo yathu, m'masaya mwathu, m'mphuno mwathu, m'mphuno mwathu, komanso ngakhale m'kholingo mwathu. Zotupa m'maselo ang'onoang'ono awa n'zosowa kwambiri, koma ngati zitakula, zambiri mwa izo zimakhala khansa.

Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti, ngati khansa imeneyi sichiritsidwa, imatha kufalikira (kufalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi, kaya kudzera m'magazi kapena m'thupi. Akatero, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuchiza. Khansa ya m'malovu nthawi zambiri imatha kufalikira ku mapapo, mafupa, ndi chiwindi.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'matumbo a m'malovu ndi ziti?

Chodabwitsa n'chakuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'malovu saona zizindikiro zilizonse . Komabe, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimawoneka nthawi zambiri ndi kutuluka kwa chotupa chosapweteka mu malovu.

Komabe, ngati muli ndi chotupa choipa, mungakumanenso ndi zizindikiro zina, monga:

• Kumva dzanzi kapena kufooka pankhope, pakhosi, pakamwa, kapena pakamwa.
• Kupweteka kosalekeza pankhope, pakhosi, pakamwa, kapena pakamwa.
• Kuvuta kutsegula pakamwa mokwanira, kapena kulephera kusuntha minofu ya nkhope bwino.
• Kuvuta kumeza.
• Kutuluka magazi mkamwa.

Ngati muli ndi vuto lotere, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala.

Kodi khansa ya m'matumbo a m'malovu imapezeka bwanji?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, adzakuyesani kaye. Adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu yachipatala, ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene adadwalapo khansa, ndi zina zotero. Kenako adzakhudza malovu ndikuyang'ana ngati pali zotupa. Adzayesanso momwe mitsempha ya pankhope panu imagwirira ntchito. Adzakufunsaninso za zizindikiro zanu.

Pambuyo pake, mungapemphedwe kuti muchite mayeso ena angapo kuti mutsimikizire ngati chotupa chilipo kapena ayi komanso ngati ndi khansa. Izi ndi izi:

• Kujambula kwa CT: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito X-ray kujambula zithunzi za zotupa m'malovu. Zili ngati chithunzi cha 3D cha mkati mwa thupi. Zingasonyezenso kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati chafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi, monga mapapo kapena mafupa.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti ziwonetse bwino mkati mwa thupi. Monga CT scan, izi zitha kuwonetsanso kukula kwa chotupacho. MRI ndi yabwino kwambiri poona ngati khansa yafalikira ku minofu yofewa monga minofu, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mitsempha.
• Kujambula kwa `PET (Positron Emission Tomography): Izi zimaphatikizapo kubaya zinthu zochepa zowononga ma radiation m'thupi kuti muwone ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes kapena ziwalo zina za thupi. Nthawi zina `PET scan` ndi `CT scan` zimatha kuchitika nthawi imodzi (`PET-CT`).
• Kufufuza za khansa: Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga minofu yaying'ono ndi chitsanzo cha madzi ochokera ku chotupa cha m'malovu. Kenako katswiri wa matenda amafufuza chitsanzocho mu labu kuti awone ngati pali maselo a khansa. Chitsanzochi chingatengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono kapena biopsy ya singano yayikulu.

Kumbukirani, njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati chotupa cha m'malovu ndi khansa kapena ayi ndi biopsy.

Kodi gawo la khansa iyi limatsimikizika bwanji?

Pambuyo poti khansa yanu yapezeka, dokotala wanu adzadziwa siteji yake, kapena 'siteji yake.' Izi zingapereke chidziwitso chambiri chokhudza khansa. Zingathandizenso kudziwa mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chikufunika.

Gawo la zotupa zomwe zimayamba m'matenda athu akuluakulu a malovu (`Parotid`, `Submandibular`, `Sublingual`) limadziwikiratu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa `TLM system`:

• T (Chotupa): Kukula ndi malo a chotupacho.
• L (Ma Lymph Nodes): Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes.
• M (Metastasis): Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina (yomwe yafalikira).

Komabe, gawo la khansa lomwe limayamba m'matenda ang'onoang'ono a malovu limatsimikiziridwa mwanjira ina.

Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa gawo la khansa yanu. Zingakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa mankhwala omwe alipo komanso zotsatira zake. Choncho, onetsetsani kuti mwafunsa dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi mankhwala a khansa ya m'malovu ndi otani?

Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira khansa yomwe ingachotsedwe bwino. Komabe, ngati khansayo ikukula mofulumira kwambiri kapena yafalikira mbali zina za thupi, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni njira zina zothandizira khansa.

Njira zochizira ndi izi:

• Opaleshoni:Iyi ndiyo njira yaikulu yochizira khansa ya m'malovu. Kuwonjezera pa kuchotsa chotupacho, ngati pali kukayikira kuti khansayo yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes, ma lymph nodes amenewo angachotsedwenso (lymphadenectomy). Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation chingaperekedwe kuti chiwononge maselo otsala a khansa ndikuletsa khansayo kuti isabwererenso.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito makina kuti apereke kuwala ku maselo a khansa ndikuwononga. Chithandizo cha radiation cha Photon-beam ndi chithandizo cha radiation cha neutron beam ndi mitundu iwiri ya chithandizo cha radiation chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya m'malovu. Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha radiation chingaperekedwe ngati gawo la chisamaliro chochepetsa zizindikiro ndikukweza moyo.
• Chemotherapy: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Ngati khansa yanu yafalikira kupitirira malovu kupita ku minofu ina kupitirira mutu ndi khosi, chemotherapy ingaperekedwe.

Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mutenge nawo mbali mu mayeso azachipatala . Awa ndi maphunziro oti muwone momwe mankhwala atsopano alili otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima. Mankhwala atsopano akuphatikizapo:

• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka mankhwala othandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuzindikira ndikulimbana ndi maselo a khansa. Ofufuza akuphunzira za ntchito ya mtundu winawake wa chithandizo cha immunotherapy chotchedwa checkpoint inhibitors polimbana ndi khansa yoopsa.
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti athetse zolakwika mu majini a selo la khansa, kaya kupha khansa kapena kuiletsa kukula. Kafukufuku akuchitikanso kuti awone momwe mankhwala olunjikawa alili othandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi adenoid cystic carcinomas yapamwamba.
• Mankhwala Othandizira Kuchiritsa Khansa: Awa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amapangitsa maselo a khansa kukhala omasuka ku kuwala kwa dzuwa. Kafukufuku akuchitikanso kuti awone momwe izi zingagwirizanitsidwe ndi mankhwala ochiritsa khansa ya m'malovu.

Kutengera mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, mungapatsidwe chithandizo chimodzi kapena zingapo pamodzi kuti muchotse khansayo ndikuiletsa kuti isabwerenso.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha zotupa za m'malovu zomwe si khansa (zosavulaza)?

Zotupa za m'malovu, ngakhale kuti si khansa, zimatha kukhala zoopsa pakapita nthawi. Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'malovu zimaphatikizapo kukula mwadzidzidzi kwa chotupa chomwe chinalipo kale mkamwa kapena mozungulira pakamwa, dzanzi, kufooka, ndi kupweteka pankhope. Zizindikirozi zingakulepheretseni kulankhula kapena kumeza bwino.

Kodi khansa ya m'malovu ingapewedwe?

Ndipotu, palibe njira yopewera khansa ya m'malovu kwathunthu .Komabe, kupewa zinthu zoopsa monga kusuta fodya komanso kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kungachepetse chiopsezo chotenga khansa.

Kodi khansa ya m'malovu ingachiritsidwe?

Nthawi zambiri, ngati khansa yapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa msanga , imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu. Mwayi wanu wochira umadalira zinthu monga:

• Kukula kwa chotupacho.
• Kaya khansa yafalikira.
• Kaya khansa yabwerera.
• Ndi malovu ati omwe ali ndi maselo a khansa?
• Maselo a khansa amawoneka achilendo bwanji pansi pa maikulosikopu.
• Thanzi lanu lonse.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwa khansa ya m'matumbo a m'maloto ndi kotani?

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ndi deta yofufuza yomwe imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe apezeka ndi khansa inayake omwe adzapulumuke nthawi inayake, nthawi zambiri zaka zisanu. Pankhani ya khansa ya m'malovu, kuchuluka kumeneku kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'malovu kwa zaka zisanu kuli pakati pa 75% ndi 90%. Malo omwe ali ndi chotupacho ndi ofunikanso. Ngati chili ndi malovu okha, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ndi pafupifupi 94%. Ngati khansa yafalikira, kuchuluka kumeneku kumachepa.

Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti deta iyi siyikuganizira zinthu zomwe zili zapadera kwa inu - zinthu monga thanzi lanu komanso momwe mumayankhira mukalandira chithandizo.

Choncho, ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala wanu zotsatira zanu kutengera momwe mulili.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse za chotupa cha m'malovu, makamaka ngati zimatenga milungu yoposa iwiri , onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala.

Ngati muwona chotupa pakamwa panu kapena pakhosi panu chomwe sichimatha mkati mwa milungu ingapo, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala. Si zotupa zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi khansa. Zingakhale chotupa cha m'malovu kapena chotupa cha m'malovu chomwe sichili khansa. Dokotala yekha ndi amene angadziwe bwino. Ngakhale chotupa chanu chili ndi khansa, mukachipeza msanga ndikuyamba chithandizo, mwayi wanu wopeza zotsatira zabwino umakhala wabwino.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Kotero, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsa bwino khansa ya m'malovu yomwe takambirana lero. Kumbukirani, ngati muli ndi zotupa zachilendo, kupweteka, kapena dzanzi pakamwa kapena pakhosi panu, musanyalanyaze. Pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndipo mukayezetsedwe. Si zotupa zonse zomwe ndi khansa, koma kuzizindikira msanga ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Musachite mantha, chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira upangiri woyenera wachipatala. Ngati muli ndi mafunso, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu momasuka.

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