Tonsefe tikudziwa kuti ndi zachilendo kuti amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena agogo anu aiwale zinthu zina akamakalamba. Koma kodi mudamvapo kuti nthawi zina kuiwala kumeneku kumapitirira malire achizolowezi? Mutha kuiwala zomwe mudalankhula m'mawa madzulo, mutha kuiwala komwe mudayika zinthu zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina simungathe kuzindikira anthu omwe ali pafupi nanu. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala chizindikiro cha Matenda a Alzheimer's. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero.
Kodi matenda a Alzheimer's ndi chiyani? Kodi matenda a dementia ndi chiyani?
Anthu ambiri amasokoneza mawu awiriwa. Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse kusiyana kwenikweni pakati pa awiriwa.
Mwachidule, matenda a dementia si dzina la matenda enaake. Ndi mawu wamba, monga "malungo." Pali zifukwa zambiri zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa malungo, monga matenda a dengue ndi fuluwenza, sichoncho? Mofananamo, matenda a dementia ndi mawu wamba okhudza zizindikiro zomwe zimakhudza kukumbukira, kuganiza, khalidwe, komanso kuvutika kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Matenda a Alzheimer's ndiye chifukwa chachikulu komanso chofala kwambiri cha matenda a dementia. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, si aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a dementia amene adzadwala matenda a Alzheimer's, koma si aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's amene adzadwala matenda a dementia.
Matenda a Alzheimer ndi kutayika pang'onopang'ono kwa maselo a muubongo (maselo amitsempha) pakapita nthawi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kukumbukira, kuganiza, ndi khalidwe zisinthe pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri zimakhudza anthu azaka zopitirira 65. Komabe, si chinthu chachibadwa cha ukalamba.
Magawo atatu a matenda a Alzheimer's
Matendawa sakula mwadzidzidzi. Amakula pang'onopang'ono, kudzera m'magawo atatu.
| Gawo la matenda | Zinthu zooneka |
|---|---|
| Gawo loyambirira (Lofatsa) | Pa nthawiyi, zizindikiro sizikuonekera bwino. Anthu okhawo omwe ali pafupi ndi munthu ndi omwe angazindikire kusiyana pang'ono. Pakhoza kukhala zinthu monga kuiwala zochitika zaposachedwa, kuvutika kupeza mawu, ndi kuiwala komwe mwaika zinthu. Koma zinthu monga kuyendetsa galimoto nokha ndikuchita nawo zinthu zosangalatsa n'zothekabe. |
| Wocheperako | Iyi ndi nthawi yayitali kwambiri ya matendawa. Zizindikiro tsopano zikuonekera bwino. Achibale ndi abwenzi sakudziwika. Kusakhazikika usiku kumachitika. Kusintha kwa khalidwe monga chisokonezo, kukwiya, ndi mkwiyo kumatha kuoneka. Popeza n'kovuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku wekha, wodwalayo amafunikiradi wina (womusamalira) kuti amuthandize panthawiyi. |
| Gawo lomaliza (Lovuta) | Pa nthawiyi, wodwalayo amafunika chisamaliro maola 24 patsiku. Sangathe kuchita zinthu zophweka monga kuyenda, kukhala pansi, ndi kumeza. Amataya luso lawo lolankhula kwathunthu. Angataye chidziwitso chonse cha malo omwe ali. Pakadali pano, chithandizo chamankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi chofunikira kwambiri pothandiza wodwalayo ndi banja lake. |
Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa matenda a Alzheimer’s?
Asayansi alibe yankho lomveka bwino la chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala matendawa, koma apeza kuti amayamba chifukwa cha mitundu iwiri ya kuwonongeka kwa maselo amitsempha muubongo.
1. Kupanga ma tangles mkati mwa maselo a mitsempha: Mtundu wa puloteni mkati mwa maselo a mitsempha ya ubongo wathu umasokonezeka ndi kusokonezeka. Timatcha izi kuti 'ma tangles a neurofibrillar'.
2. Kuchuluka kwa maselo a mitsempha: Mtundu wa puloteni wotchedwa `beta-amyloid` umayikidwa pakati pa maselo a mitsempha, ndikupanga mtundu wa chipolopolo chonga zinyalala. Izi zimatchedwa `ma plaques`.
Taganizirani za maselo amitsempha muubongo wathu ngati dongosolo la mawaya amagetsi omwe amanyamula chidziwitso. Chifukwa cha kugwedezeka ndi malo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, mawaya amagetsi awa sangagwire ntchito bwino. Kutumiza mauthenga kumasiya, ndipo pamapeto pake maselo amitsempha amenewo amafa. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti munthu aiwale.
Kodi majini amakhudza izi?
Inde, pali mphamvu zina za majini. Ngati makolo anu kapena abale anu adadwala matenda a Alzheimer's, muli ndi mwayi woti mudwale matendawa. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti mudzadwala. Majini ena, monga `ApoE (apolipoprotein E)` apezeka kuti akuwonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa. Koma uwu si matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha majini okha.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?
Ngati mukuganiza kuti inuyo kapena munthu wina amene muli naye pafupi akukumana ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Alzheimer's, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo, makamaka katswiri wa mitsempha.
Dokotala adzakufunsani inu ndi banja lanu za zinthu monga:
- Kodi mavuto a kukumbukira ndi kuganiza ndi otani? Kodi ndi aakulu bwanji?
- Kodi pali kusintha kulikonse mu khalidwe kapena umunthu?
- Kodi mavuto amenewa akhudza moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku?
Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso angapo angachitike kuti atsimikizire matendawa:
- Kuyesa luso la kukumbukira ndi la maganizo: Kufunsa mafunso, kuwapempha kuti awerengere mosavuta, ndi kuyesa luso la chilankhulo.
- Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Yang'anani matenda ena (monga kusowa kwa mavitamini) omwe angayambitse kulephera kukumbukira.
- Kujambula ubongo: Kujambula kwa CT, MRI, kapena PET kumatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa ubongo.
- Kugwira Msana: Nthawi zina, madzi a m'mitsempha ya ubongo (CSF) amayesedwa kuti awone ngati pali mapuloteni okhudzana ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musamachite manyazi kapena kuopa kukaonana ndi dokotala mukangozindikira zizindikirozi. Matendawa akapezeka msanga, zimakhala zosavuta kwa wodwalayo ndi banja lake kukonzekera vutoli.
Chithandizo ndi kasamalidwe
Tsoka ilo, palibe mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer's pakadali pano. Komabe , pali mankhwala angapo omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa ndikuthana ndi zizindikiro zake.
Mankhwala atsopano monga `Lecanemab (Leqembi)` ndi `Donanemab (Kinsula)` akuyesera kulamulira kupitirira kwa matendawa mwa kuchotsa mapuloteni owopsa omwe amasonkhana muubongo. Komanso, mankhwala monga `Cholinesterase inhibitors` ndi `Memantine` amathandiza kusunga kukumbukira ndi kugwira ntchito kwa maganizo mpaka pamlingo winawake.
Mankhwala onsewa ayenera kumwedwa pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanena.
Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala, kupanga malo abwino komanso otetezeka kwa wodwalayo, kutsatira ndondomeko ya tsiku ndi tsiku, komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi osavuta kungathandize kwambiri kukonza moyo wa wodwalayo.
Ngati mukusamalira munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's...
Ngati ndinu wosamalira munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, ntchito yake ingakhale yovuta komanso yovuta. Nazi zinthu zina zomwe zingakuthandizeni:
- Khazikitsani chizolowezi: Chitani zinthu monga kudyetsa, kusamba, ndi kugona nthawi yomweyo tsiku lililonse. Izi zichepetsa chisokonezo cha wodwalayo.
- Lankhulani momveka bwino komanso modekha: gwiritsani ntchito mawu osavuta, ziganizo zazifupi. Muwamvere moleza mtima.
- Samalani chitetezo: Chotsani makapeti otsetsereka m'nyumba. Ikani zogwirira m'bafa. Samalani wodwala akamatuluka yekha.
- Lolani kuti azidziyimira pawokha: Aloleni kuti azichita zinthu zomwe angathe kuchita okha. Izi zidzateteza kudzidalira kwawo.
- Taganiziraninso za inu nokha:Kusamalira wodwala kumakutopetsa m'maganizo ndi m'thupi. Choncho tengani nthawi yopuma, chitani zomwe mumakonda, ndipo lowani nawo magulu othandizira ngati pakufunika kutero. Mutha kusamalira wodwalayo bwino ngati muli bwino.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Alzheimer si matenda wamba omwe amakhudza ukalamba. Ndi matenda omwe amawononga ubongo.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kuiwala zinthu, kusintha kwa khalidwe, kapena kuvutika kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, musachite manyazi ndipo pitani kwa dokotala.
- Ngakhale kuti matendawa sangachiritsidwe kwathunthu, pali mankhwala oletsa kupitirira kwake ndikuwongolera zizindikiro zake.
- Kusamalira munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer ndi vuto lalikulu. Kumafuna kuleza mtima, chikondi, ndi chidziwitso choyenera. Monga wosamalira, ndikofunikira kusamaliranso thanzi lanu.
- Moyo wathanzi (kudya bwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi) kungachepetse chiopsezo chotenga matenda a Alzheimer's.
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