Kodi nthawi zina mumadzimva osakhazikika, amantha, komanso akuda nkhawa kwambiri? Kapena mumagona usiku n’kutembenuka mpaka m’mawa? Mwina dokotala wanu wakupatsani 'mankhwala oti mukhazikitse mtima wanu'. Izi ndi zomwe madokotala amati mankhwala ochepetsa ululu . Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe bwino lomwe mankhwala awa. Chifukwa ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera, mavuto akuluakulu angabuke. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane za chilichonse mwachidule lero.
Mwachidule, kodi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu amenewa ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kapena kulamulira ntchito ya dongosolo lathu la mitsempha , kutanthauza ubongo wathu ndi msana. Zili ngati kuchepetsa liwiro la galimoto yomwe ikuyenda mofulumira.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala awa. Ena ndi amphamvu kwambiri, ena si amphamvu kwambiri. Komanso, mankhwala ena amagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe ena amakhala nthawi yochepa chabe. Dokotala adzakupatsani mankhwalawa atafufuza bwino matenda anu ndikusankha mtundu ndi mlingo woyenera kwambiri kwa inu.
Tangoganizirani zomwe zimachitika m'thupi lanu mukamwa mankhwala awa. Tiyeni tiwone zotsatira zake zazikulu.
| Zotsatira | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kumva kumasuka | Kusakhazikika ndi nkhawa zomwe zili mumtima mwanu zidzachepa ndipo mudzayamba kumva kupepuka. |
| Kuchepetsa nkhawa | Mantha ndi nkhawa zomwe ndinali nazo mumtima mwanga zikuchepa. |
| Kugona tulo | Zingakupangitseni kumva kutopa komanso kugona. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe izi zimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto logona. |
| Kumva kupweteka ndi kukhudza pang'ono | Mphamvu ya kumva, monga kupweteka ndi kukhudza, ingachepe. |
| Kupuma ndi mtima | Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wanu komanso kugunda kwa mtima wanu kungachepe pang'ono. |
| Kutaya kukumbukira | Simungakumbukire bwino zomwe zinachitika pamene mankhwalawo anali kugwira ntchito. |
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mankhwalawa ali ndi chiopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo , kotero sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda chilolezo cha dokotala. Komanso, ndikofunikira kuwagwiritsa ntchito kokha monga momwe dokotala wanenera, komanso nthawi yonse yomwe mwapatsidwa.
Kodi "kugonetsa" kumatanthauza chiyani?
Mwina munamvapo kuti mayesowo anachitidwa pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu. "Kuletsa ululu" ndi njira yopatsa munthu mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti akhale chete, omasuka, kapena ogona. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika munthu asanachite mayeso azachipatala (monga endoscopy) kapena opaleshoni yaying'ono. Izi zimathandiza wodwalayo kuti asamakhale ndi nkhawa komanso kuti asachite mantha, zomwe zimamuthandiza kuchita opaleshoniyo popanda kuvutika.
Pali magawo atatu a sedation:
1. Kugona pang'ono: Izi zimangotanthauza kugona pang'ono. Mudzakhala maso, okhoza kuyankha mafunso ndikuchita zomwe dokotala wakufunsani.
2. Kugona pang'ono: Izi zidzakuthandizani kumva tulo tofa nato. Muthanso kugona. Mungakumbukire zina mwa zomwe zinachitika panthawiyo, koma simungakumbukire.
3. Kugona movutikira: Izi zimakupangitsani kugona. Komabe, si kutaya chidziwitso konse monga mankhwala oletsa ululu. Simudzakumbukira chilichonse chomwe chinachitika panthawiyi.
Kusiyana pakati pa sedation ndi anesthesia
Anthu ena amasokoneza zinthu ziwirizi. Kugona pansi kumatanthauza kuchepetsa kuzindikira kwanu ndikukupangitsani kukhala chete. Kugona pansi kumapitirira ndipo kumakupangitsani kukhala osazindikira konse. Kugona pansi ndikofunikira pa opaleshoni yayikulu (monga opaleshoni ya mtima). Kugona pansi ndikokwanira pa opaleshoni yaying'ono kapena mayeso.
Kodi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda otani?
Madokotala amapereka mankhwala ochepetsa ululu awa pa matenda osiyanasiyana. Odziwika kwambiri mwa awa ndi awa:
- Matenda a nkhawa
- Matenda a mantha
- Kusowa tulo
- Matenda a khunyu, monga khunyu
- Matenda amisala monga matenda a bipolar
- Kusakhazikika
- Kutonthoza wodwalayo asanachite opaleshoni ndi mayeso azachipatala
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya mankhwala ogonetsa ndi iti?
Mankhwalawa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu.
| Gulu la mankhwala | Kufotokozera ndi zitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Benzodiazepines | Izi ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa nkhawa, kusowa tulo, komanso khunyu. Zitsanzo: Alprazolam (Xanax®), Diazepam (Valium®). |
| Ma Barbiturates | Ngakhale kuti izi zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kale, tsopano sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zoyipa komanso chiopsezo cha kumwa mopitirira muyeso. Pakadali pano amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza ululu komanso kukomoka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo: Phenobarbital. |
| Mankhwala ochititsa manyazi | Izi zimagwira ntchito mofanana ndi Benzodiazepines, koma zimasiyana kapangidwe kake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza kusowa tulo. Zitsanzo: Zolpidem (Ambien®), Eszopiclone (Lunesta®). |
| Mankhwala ena ogonetsa (Osiyanasiyana) | Pali mitundu ina ya mankhwala yomwe siili m'gulu la mankhwala omwe ali pamwambapa, koma ali ndi mphamvu zotonthoza. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza kusowa tulo. |
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi?
Iyi ndi nkhani ya sayansi, koma ndifotokoza mwachidule. Mauthenga amasinthidwa pakati pa maselo amitsempha muubongo mwathu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otchedwa neurotransmitters . Pakati pa izi , GABA (Gamma-aminobutyric acid) ndi neurotransmitter yomwe imayang'anira ntchito ya ubongo, ikugwira ntchito ngati "brake".
Chomwe mankhwala otonthoza mtima amachita ndikuwonjezera ntchito ya GABA. GABA ikawonjezeka, ntchito ya ubongo imagwira ntchito bwino. Zotsatira zake, timamva bata komanso tulo.
Zinthu zoti muuze dokotala wanu musanayambe kumwa mankhwala ngati awa
Dokotala wanu asanakupatseni mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kudziwa. Kuti mukhale otetezeka muyenera kukhala osamala pankhani imeneyi.
- Funsani ngati pali mankhwala ena a matenda anu mukasiya kumwa mankhwalawa.
- Kambiranani momveka bwino za ubwino ndi zoopsa zomwa mankhwalawa.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za matenda ena aliwonse omwe muli nawo (monga mavuto a chiwindi kapena impso).
- Mundiuze ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhala akugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa panopa (mankhwala a matenda ena, mavitamini, mankhwala achikhalidwe), chifukwa mankhwala ena amatha kusokonezana ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu awa.
- Ngati mukumwa mowa, onetsetsani kuti mwatchulapo.
- Ngati muli ndi pakati, mukuyembekezera kutenga pakati, kapena ndinu mayi woyamwitsa, muyenera kuulula zimenezo.
- Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena aliwonse, khalani oona mtima pa zimenezo.
Zotsatirapo zake ndi zoopsa zazikulu za mankhwala ochepetsa ululu
Monga mankhwala ena onse, mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsatirapo zake, ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi zoopsa zazikulu ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
Zotsatirapo za kanthawi kochepa
Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi yoyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndipo zimatha thupi likayamba kuzolowera mankhwalawa.
- Kugona tulo
- Chizungulire
- Kuvuta kuyika maganizo pa chinthu, kulephera kuyang'ana pa chinthu
- Maso osawoneka bwino
- Kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yochitapo kanthu (kuchepa kwa reflexes)
- Kumva ululu wochepa
Dokotala wanu adzakulangizani kuti mupewe zinthu zomwe zimafuna kukhala maso, monga kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina , chifukwa mankhwalawa angayambitse kugona komanso kuchepa kwa tcheru. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo awa.
Zoopsa zazikulu za nthawi yayitali
Mankhwalawa angayambitse mavuto aakulu ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika.
1. Kutha Kumwa Mowa Mopitirira Muyeso: Ichi ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu. Mpumulo ndi chisangalalo zomwe mankhwalawa amapereka zimatha kupangitsa anthu ena kukhala ndi chizolowezi chomwa mowa. Patapita kanthawi, mpumulo womwe adamva kuchokera ku mlingo wakale umatha. Kenako amayamba kuwonjezera mlingo. Ichi ndiye chiyambi cha chizolowezi.
- Kudalira Maganizo: Kumva kuti "Sindingathe kukhala popanda mankhwala awa."
- Kudalira Thupi: Thupi lanu limazolowera mankhwala ndipo limakumana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi (zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala) pamene mankhwalawo asiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo komanso poizoni: Kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo kuposa momwe dokotala wanu akulangizira kungayambitse imfa. Chiwopsezo cha kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo chimakhala chachikulu makamaka ngati mumwa mankhwalawa pamodzi ndi mowa kapena mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu (Opioids).
| Zizindikiro zochenjeza za kumwa mopitirira muyeso | |
|---|---|
| Kugona tulo tofa nato, n'kovuta kudzuka | Kulankhula mokweza, kukwiya |
| Kuyenda movutikira, kulephera kulamulira thupi (Ataxia) | Kuvutika maganizo kwa kupuma |
| Chikomokere (kusazindikira) | |
Ngati wina akusonyeza zizindikiro izi, ndiye kuti ndi zadzidzidzi. Imbani 1990 Ambulance Service nthawi yomweyo kapena mupite naye ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi. Ngati simulandira chithandizo mwachangu, imfa ingachitike.
3. Zizindikiro za kusiya kumwa mankhwala: Ngati munthu woledzera asiya kumwa mankhwalawo mwadzidzidzi, thupi lake silingayankhe bwino. Izi zithanso kukhala zoopsa kwa moyo.
- Nkhawa yaikulu, kusakhazikika
- Kugwedezeka
- Kuopa tulo, maloto oipa
- Malungo aakulu
- Kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma kumathamanga.
- Kugwidwa ndi khunyu
Pachifukwa ichi , musasiye kumwa mankhwalawa mwadzidzidzi popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Ngati musiya, chitani izi motsogozedwa ndi dokotala wanu, pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa mlingo.
Kodi mukufuna kukaonananso ndi dokotala nthawi yanji?
Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu ngati mwakumana ndi zotsatirazi mukumwa mankhwala awa.
- Ngati zizindikiro zanu sizikuchepa ngakhale mutamwa mankhwala.
- Ngati zotsatirapo zake zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuchita ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Ngati mukumva ngati mukuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa (monga ngati mukumva ngati "simungathe kukhala popanda iwo").
- Ngati mukuona kuti muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwalawa tsopano (musasiye nthawi yomweyo, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndipo musankhe).
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi gulu la mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati dokotala wanena.
- Musamwe mankhwala ochulukirapo kapena ochepa kuposa omwe dokotala wakupatsani. Imwani panthawi yake komanso m'njira yomwe mwapatsidwa.
- Musapatse wina aliyense mankhwala omwe munapatsidwa. Ndi oopsa kwambiri moti angaike moyo wa munthuyo pachiswe.
- Uzani dokotala wanu moona mtima za matenda anu onse, mankhwala ena aliwonse omwe mumamwa, komanso ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zinthu monga mowa.
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, palibe chifukwa chochitira manyazi. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo ndipo pemphani thandizo.
- Musasiye kumwa mankhwala mwadzidzidzi popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu.
- Ngati zizindikiro za kumwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso zaoneka, pitani wodwalayo ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) mwamsanga.
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