Tiyeni tiphunzire za khansa ya m'mimba mwachidule!

Lero tikambirana za nkhani yofunika pang'ono, koma yofunika kwa anthu ambiri. Imeneyo ndi khansa ya m'mimba, ena amaitchanso kuti `(Gastric Cancer)` . Tangoganizani, chingachitike n'chiyani ngati maselo omwe ali m'mimba mwathu, kutanthauza m'mimba, mwadzidzidzi ayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika, ngati misala? Ndicho chimene chimachitika ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Maselo a khansa awa amatha kupangika kulikonse m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri, makamaka m'maiko ngati America, khansa iyi imapanga pamalo pomwe m'mimba ndi m'mero ​​wathu (ndiko kuti, chubu chomwe chimatsika kuchokera pakhosi) zimalumikizana, chomwe timachitcha `(gastroesophageal junction)` . Koma m'maiko ena monga Sri Lanka, komwe khansa ya m'mimba ndi yofala, imapanga nthawi zambiri m'chigawo chachikulu cha m'mimba.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti pafupifupi 95% ya khansa ya m’mimba imayambira m’mimba, pamwamba pa khoma. Koma imakula mofulumira kwambiri. Ngati sichithandizidwe bwino, maselo amenewa amatha kukula pamodzi kuti apange chotupa ndikukula mpaka m’khoma la m’mimba. Nthawi zina, chotupachi chingafalikire (metastasize) ku ziwalo zina zapafupi, monga chiwindi ndi kapamba.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mimba?

Ndipotu, aliyense akhoza kudwala khansa ya m'mimba. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa. Mwachitsanzo:

• Ngati muli ndi zaka 65 kapena kuposerapo .
• Ngati ndinu mwamuna (amuna ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa akazi).
• Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pakati pa mafuko ena padziko lonse lapansi (monga South kapena Central America, Eastern Europe, ndi zina zotero).

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ndi yofala bwanji?

Khansa ya m'mimba ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya khansa padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, siifala kwambiri m'maiko ena akumadzulo, monga ku United States. Ndipotu, khansa ya m'mimba ndi 1.5% yokha ya khansa zonse zomwe zangopezeka kumene ku United States. Ndipo chiwerengero cha milandu kumeneko chakhala chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono m'zaka 10 zapitazi.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mimba ndi ziti?

Vutoli ndi lomwe anthu ambiri amakhala nalo. Poyamba khansa ya m'mimba , nthawi zambiri sipakhala zizindikiro . Imeneyo ndiye gawo loopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale zizindikiro zoyambirira zodziwika bwino, monga kupweteka m'mimba ndi kuchepa thupi kosazolowereka, zimawonekera khansa ikayamba pang'ono.

Izi ndi zina mwa zizindikiro zomwe zingachitike mu khansa ya m'mimba:

• Anorexia , kumva ngati sukumva njala.
• Kuvuta kumeza (ngati kuti chinachake chatsekeredwa pakhosi).
• Kutopa kapena kufooka kosalekeza.
• Kusanza ndi kusanza .
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa.
• Kupweteka m'mimba ndi kusagaya bwino chakudya (monga mpweya).
• Chimbudzi chakuda kapena kusanza magazi .
• Kumva kukhuta m'mimba, ngati kuti m'mimba mwadzaza mpweya mukatha kudya.
• Kupweteka m'mimba , makamaka pamwamba pa chibwano.
• Kumva kukhuta ngakhale mutadya pang'ono.

Chofunika: Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwoneka m'matenda ena, kotero ngati muli ndi zizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kuonana ndi dokotala kuti mudziwe ngati ndi khansa ya m'mimba kapena china chake.

Kodi mungagwile chotupa cha khansa ya m'mimba?

Kutengera ndi momwe khansa yafalikira, dokotala akhoza kumva chotupa m'mimba mwanu akamakuyesani. Koma nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zake zimakhala ngati m'mimba mwanu mwamva kutupa, kukhuta, kapena kupweteka. Ululu uwu ungayambe pang'ono poyamba ndipo umakhala woopsa kwambiri pamene matendawa akupitirira.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya m’mimba?

Mwachidule, khansa ya m'mimba imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini mu DNA ya maselo athu am'mimba. Mukudziwa, DNA iyi ili ngati code yomwe imauza maselo athu nthawi yoti akule komanso nthawi yoti afe. ​​Chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini kumeneko, m'malo mofa, maselo amakula mwachangu ndipo pamapeto pake amapanga chotupa . Maselo a khansa awa amatha kudutsa maselo athanzi ndikufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Ofufuza sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa kusintha kwa majini kumeneku. Komabe, apeza zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mimba. Zina mwa izi ndi izi:

• Ngati wina m'banjamo adadwala khansa ya m'mimba (cholowa).
• Matenda a bakiteriya (Helicobacter pylori - H. pylori) . Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
• Matenda a gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) (asidi wa m'mimba wokwera pakhosi).
• Gastritis (kutupa kwa m'mimba).
• Kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr .
• Ngati munakhalapo ndi zilonda zam'mimba kapena ma polyps kale.
• Kudya kwambiri zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta, mchere, zosuta kapena zokazinga .
• Kudya zakudya zokhala ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zochepa .
• Kukumana pafupipafupi ndi zinthu monga malasha, chitsulo, ndi rabala.
• Kusuta fodya, kusuta ndudu, kapena kutafuna fodya .
• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso .
• Kunenepa kwambiri .
• `(Autoimmune atrophic gastritis)` (vuto lomwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimaukira maselo am'mimba).

Kuphatikiza apo, pali matenda ena a majini omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba:

• `(Lynch syndrome)`
• `(Matenda a Peutz-Jeghers)`
• `(Matenda a Li-Fraumeni)`
• ``(Familial adenomatous polyposis)``
• "(Khansa ya m'mimba yofalikira mwachibadwa)"
• `(Kusowa kwa chitetezo chamthupi chosinthasintha - CVID)`

Ngakhale ofufuza akulephera kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, zapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi gulu la magazi 'A' amakhala ndi vuto lokhala ndi khansa ya m'mimba.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba imapezeka bwanji?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu ya matenda, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, ndikukuyesani kuti muwone ngati muli ndi zotupa m'mimba mwanu. Kenako angachite mayeso angapo kuti adziwe khansa ya m'mimba ndikuwona momwe yafalikira ('siteji').

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa gawo la khansa . Izi ndi zomwe zimathandiza dokotala kumvetsetsa momwe khansa yafalikira. Mu khansa ya m'mimba, magawo awa amayambira pa 0 (zero) mpaka IV (anayi). Gawo 0 limatanthauza kuti khansayo sinafalikire kupitirira m'mimba. Gawo IV limatanthauza kuti yafalikira ku ziwalo zina.

Mayeso omwe nthawi zambiri amachitidwa ndi awa:

• Kuyeza kwa m'mimba pamwamba: Iyi ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yodziwira khansa ya m'mimba. Mu njira imeneyi, dokotala amaika chubu chopyapyala (chotchedwa endoscope) chokhala ndi kamera kakang'ono kumapeto kudzera pakamwa panu ndikutsika m'mimba mwanu. Zipangizo zazing'ono zopangira opaleshoni zimadutsa mu endoscope kuti zitenge chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu (biopsy) kuchokera pakhoma la m'mimba. Kenako minofuyo imatumizidwa ku labu kuti ikayesedwe ngati ili ndi maselo a khansa.
• Endoscopic ultrasound: Iyi ndi njira yapadera yofufuzira khansa. Imathandiza kudziwa siteji ya khansa. Endoscope yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu izi ili ndi chowunikira cha ultrasound, chomwe chingathe kujambula zithunzi za m'mimba. Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuona ngati khansa yafalikira kuchokera pakhungu la m'mimba kupita ku khoma la m'mimba.
• Mayeso a X-ray: Izi zikuphatikizapo CT scans , barium swallows ( kumene mumamwa madzi apadera omwe amachititsa kuti mkati mwa mimba yanu muwonekere pa X-ray), ndi MRIs . Izi zingathandize kuzindikira zotupa za khansa ndi zina zomwe zingakhale zokhudzana ndi khansa. Kujambula kwa PET kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuti muwone ngati khansa yafalikira m'thupi lanu lonse.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Izi zingapereke chidziwitso chokhudza momwe ziwalo zanu zikugwirira ntchito. Ngati chiwalo sichikugwira ntchito bwino, zingasonyeze kuti khansa ikhoza kufalikira ku chiwalo chimenecho.
• Laparoscopy: Uwu ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni. Imachitika pamene njira zosavulaza kwambiri monga kujambula zithunzi sizipereka chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza kukula kwa khansa. Pachifukwa ichi, dokotalayo amadula pang'ono m'mimba mwanu ndikuyika kamera kakang'ono kudzera mwa iwo kuti ayang'ane mwachindunji ziwalo.

Popeza khansa ya m'mimba ndi yosowa kwambiri m'maiko ngati United States, si mayeso oyezetsa magazi omwe aliyense amayesa. Komabe, ngati muli ndi vuto lomwe limawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mimba, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyesedwe pafupipafupi, monga upper endoscopy, kuti muwone ngati pali kusintha kwa khansa. Funsani dokotala wanu zomwe muyenera kuchita kutengera chiopsezo chanu.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira momwe khansa yanu yafalikira, thanzi lanu lonse, komanso zomwe mumakonda kulandira. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo gulu la madokotala, kuphatikizapo dokotala wa banja lanu, katswiri wa khansa, ndi katswiri wa matenda a m'mimba . Adzakupatsani malangizo a njira zabwino kwambiri zochiritsira.

Opaleshoni

Kutengera kukula kwa khansa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni opaleshoni yochotsa maselo a khansa, chotupa, kapena gawo kapena m'mimba yonse.

• Kuchotsa ndi upper endoscopy: Poyamba, khansa ikangofika pamwamba pa mimba, khansayo imatha kuchotsedwa kudzera mu upper endoscopy. Njira imeneyi imatchedwa endoscopic submucosal dissection kapena endoscopic mucosal resection . Pankhaniyi, gastroenterologist amadula chotupa cha khansa kuchokera pakhoma la m'mimba ndikuchichotsa kudzera pakamwa panu.
• Kuchotsa Mimba: Khansa ikafalikira pamwamba pa mimba, opaleshoni ingafunike kuchotsa gawo lina kapena lonse la m'mimba. Kuchotsa Mimba yonse kumachotsa gawo lokhalo la m'mimba lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi khansa. Kuchotsa Mimba yonse kumachotsa m'mimba yonse. M'mimba yonse ikachotsedwa, dokotalayo adzalumikiza m'mero ​​ndi matumbo ang'onoang'ono kuti mupitirize kudya.

Mankhwala ena

Mankhwalawa amaukira mwachindunji maselo a khansa.

• `(Chemotherapy - chemo)` (mankhwala a mankhwala): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa maselo a khansa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwachotsa musanachite opaleshoni. `(Chemotherapy)` imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kupha maselo ena onse a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Nthawi zambiri imaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha radiation. `(Thandizo la mankhwala lolunjika)` lingaperekedwenso pamodzi ndi `(chemo)`.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowunikira, monga X-ray, kupha maselo a khansa. Chithandizo cha radiation chokha sichigwira ntchito bwino pa khansa ya m'mimba. Komabe, chingaperekedwe pamodzi ndi chemotherapy musanachite opaleshoni komanso mutachita opaleshoni. Chithandizo cha radiation chingathandizenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
• Chithandizo cha mankhwala cholunjika:Izi zimalimbana ndi zofooka za maselo a khansa ndipo zimawapangitsa kufa. Nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chemotherapy ya khansa zomwe zabwereranso kapena kupita patsogolo.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Izi zimathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuzindikira ndikuwononga maselo a khansa omwe sapezeka mosavuta. Izi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri pa khansa yobwerezabwereza kapena yoopsa.
• Chisamaliro cha palliative: Izi zimathandiza kukonza moyo wanu monga munthu amene ali ndi khansa. Chisamaliro cha palliative ndi chithandizo chapadera chachipatala. Chingaphatikizepo madokotala, anamwino, ndi akatswiri ena omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro. Mutha kupeza chithandizochi kuwonjezera pa ntchito zomwe mumapeza kuchokera kwa madokotala anu wamba. Mutha kupeza chithandizo cha palliative ichi pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ingapewedwe?

Ngakhale kuti khansa ya m'mimba singathe kupewedwa kotheratu, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu pochita izi:

• Ngati mwayesedwa matenda a H. pylori , pezani chithandizo . Matenda a H. pylori ndi omwe amachititsa khansa ya m'mimba kukhala yoopsa kwambiri.
• Pezani chithandizo mwachangu cha zilonda zam'mimba, gastritis, ndi matenda ena am'mimba. Matenda am'mimba osachiritsidwa, makamaka omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya H. pylori, amawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa yam'mimba.
• Idyani zakudya zabwino. Kudya zakudya zabwino zokhala ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zambiri komanso zokhala ndi mchere wochepa komanso nyama yofiira yochepa kungachepetse chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya m'mimba. Zakudya zokhala ndi vitamini C wambiri, beta-carotene, ndi carotenoids (monga zipatso za citrus, ndiwo zamasamba zobiriwira, kaloti) ndi magwero abwino a michere yofunikayi.
• Pewani kusuta fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi fodya. Kusuta fodya kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba osati kokha, komanso mitundu ina yambiri ya khansa.
• Khalani ndi kulemera kwathanzi. Kulemera kwathanzi kumasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti kulemera kwathanzi n'kotani kwa inu.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ingachiritsidwe?

Khansa ya m'mimba imatha kuchiritsidwa ngati yapezeka msanga. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zimaonekera mochedwa kwambiri matendawa akapezeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti khansayo ikhoza kukhala itafika pachimake. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zinthu zomwe zingakhudze zotsatira za chithandizo chanu.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba ndi chiyani?

Chiyembekezo cha khansa ya m'mimba chimadalira gawo la khansa. Omwe apezeka ndi khansa kumayambiriro kwa matendawa amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chabwino kuposa omwe apezeka ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Chiwopsezo cha zaka 5 cha khansa ya m'mimba chingakhale chokwera mpaka 70% (ngati khansayo siifalikira bwino) mpaka kufika pa 6% (ngati yafalikira kwambiri), kutengera momwe khansayo yafalikira.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti akuthandizeni kudziwa bwino matenda anu. Mtundu wa khansa yomwe muli nayo, momwe yafalikira, thanzi lanu lonse, komanso momwe khansa yanu imayankhira chithandizo zimakhudza momwe matenda anu angayambire.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mimba, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zabwino ndi zoyipa zoyezetsa nthawi zonse. Apo ayi, samalani ndi zizindikiro zanu. Zizindikiro zambiri zokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mimba zingakhalenso zizindikiro za matenda ena. Dokotala yekha ndi amene angadziwe bwino matendawa.

Pitani kwa dokotala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kupweteka m'mimba komanso kuchepa thupi kosayembekezereka, ndi zizindikiro izi kapena ayi:

• Kuvutika kudya.
• Kutsegula m'mimba.
• Kusanza.
• Chimbudzi chamagazi kapena chakuda.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Mungathe kufunsa mafunso monga awa:

• Kodi khansa ili kuti?
• Kodi ndili ndi khansa ya gawo liti?
• Kodi izi zimakhudza bwanji nthawi yomwe ndimayembekezera kuti ndikhale ndi matenda?
• Ndi mankhwala otani omwe ndingapeze?
• Kodi ubwino wa chithandizochi ndi wotani? Kodi zoopsa zake zingakhale zotani?
• Kodi pali njira zina zochiritsira?
• Kodi kudziwa matenda anga a khansa ndi chithandizo chake kudzakhudza bwanji moyo wanga watsiku ndi tsiku?
• Kodi ndiyenera kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri?

Pomaliza, kumbukirani (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Khansa ya m'mimba siingathe kupewedwa nthawi zonse. Koma ngati yapezeka msanga, nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuchiritsidwa. Kutengera ndi momwe mwadziwira khansa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni opaleshoni yochotsa maselo a khansa kapena zotupa. Kapena angakulangizeni kuphatikiza mankhwala omwe angaphe kapena kuchepetsa maselo a khansa.

Chofunika kwambiri, malingaliro anu adzadalira zinthu zingapo zomwe mungakambirane ndi dokotala wanu. Musazengereze kufunsa za njira zochiritsira, ubwino wake, ndi zoopsa zake. Funsani malangizo kwa madokotala anu okhudza momwe matenda anu a khansa angakukhudzireni. Ndi ufulu wanu kumvedwa ndikumvetsetsedwa popanda mantha kapena kukayikira. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Khansa ya m'mimba , khansa ya m'mimba, zizindikiro za khansa, khansa ya m'mimba, H. pylori, endoscopy, chithandizo cha khansa, chiopsezo cha khansa