Kodi mukudziwa za chimfine chomwe chikufalikira masiku ano? Tiyeni tikambirane za chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1)!

Mungakumbukire chimfine chomwe chinayambitsa mantha padziko lonse lapansi zaka zingapo zapitazo. Chimfinecho chinali chimfine cha nkhumba, kapena chimfine chotchedwa `(H1N1)`. Anthu ambiri ankachiopa, ndipo ankadwala nacho. Lero, tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri za chimfine cha nkhumba ichi `(H1N1)`, chifukwa chikadali pakati pathu, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zinthu ngati izi.

Kodi chimfine cha nkhumba ichi (Swine Flu - H1N1) n'chiyani?

Mwachidule, chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1) ndi matenda omwe amakhudza dongosolo lathu lopumira, kutanthauza kuti, dongosolo lomwe timapuma (mapapo, trachea, ndi zina zotero) lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka gulu la kachilombo ka chimfine. Pali chifukwa chapadera chomwe chimatchedwa 'chimfine cha nkhumba'. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kachilomboka kamafanana kwambiri ndi kachilombo ka chimfine komwe kamakhudza nkhumba (nkhumba m'Chingerezi zikutanthauza nkhumba). Kachiromboka kamayambitsanso matenda opumira mwa nkhumba. Chifukwa chake kakakhudza anthu, timatcha chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1). Komabe, kamafalikira pakati pa anthu monga mitundu ina ya chimfine.

Kodi chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1) ndi chimfine cha ku Spain ndi chimodzimodzi?

Ayi, sizili chimodzimodzi, koma pali kugwirizana pakati pa ziwirizi. Mwina munamvapo za chimfine cha ku Spain, chomwe chinali mliri wapadziko lonse mu 1918. Chinayambitsidwanso ndi mtundu wa kachilombo kotchedwa (H1N1). Tangoganizirani, panthawiyo, anthu pafupifupi 500 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi adadwala, ndipo pafupifupi 50 miliyoni adamwalira. Unalidi mliri woyipa kwambiri m'mbiri yonse. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya banja la kachilombo ka (H1N1) imatha kutuluka nthawi ndi nthawi.

Kodi mliri wa fuluwenza ya nkhumba (H1N1) wa mu 2009 unayamba bwanji?

Mu Epulo 2009, ofufuza adapeza mtundu watsopano wa kachilombo ka chimfine, kachilombo ka (H1N1). Kadapezeka koyamba ku United States. Kenako kanafalikira mofulumira ku United States konse kenako padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chinafalikira mwachanguchi chinali chakuti kanali mtundu watsopano wa kachilombo ka chimfine komwe sikadapezekapo kale mwa anthu.

Chifukwa chake, achinyamata ambiri analibe chitetezo chachilengedwe ku kachilombo katsopanoka. Koma chodabwitsa n'chakuti, okalamba ankaoneka kuti ali ndi mphamvu zina zodzitetezera. Mwina izi zinali chifukwa chakuti kale anali ndi mtundu wakale, wofanana ndi wa `(H1N1)`. Izi mwina zinawapatsa chitetezo.

Komabe, mtundu watsopanowu wadwala anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, anthu osachepera 150,000 afa chifukwa cha matendawa. Chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri n'chakuti 80% ya omwe anamwalira anali achinyamata, osakwana zaka 65.

Ndiye mliri wa chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1) unatha liti?

Bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) linalengeza mwalamulo kuti mliri wa (H1N1) watha mu Ogasiti 2010. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti kachilombo ka (H1N1) kathetsedwa kotheratu padziko lonse lapansi. Chofunika kwambiri n'chakuti anthu akhozabe kutenga kachilombo ka (H1N1) ndikufalitsa kwa ena.`(H1N1)` ndi kachilombo kamodzi kokha kamene kamayambitsa chimfine cha nyengo chomwe chimachitika nthawi zina pachaka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, monga mitundu ina ya chimfine, imatha kudwalitsa anthu, kuwagoneka m'chipatala, komanso nthawi zina zosasangalatsa, ngakhale kufa.

Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a nkhumba (H1N1) n’chiyani? Kodi amafalikira bwanji?

Fuluwenza ya nkhumba (H1N1) imayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo. Imafalikira mosavuta kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Makamaka, munthu amene ali ndi chimfine akatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, madontho ang'onoang'ono ochokera mkamwa ndi m'mphuno mwake amatuluka mumlengalenga. Ngati mupuma mpweya wokhala ndi kachilomboka, mumakhala ndi mwayi wopeza matendawa.

Njira ina ndi kukhudza malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, monga chogwirira chitseko, tebulo, kapena mpando wa basi, kenako nkukhudza pakamwa panu, mphuno, kapena maso anu ndi dzanja lodetsedwalo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusamba m'manja nthawi zambiri.

Maganizo olakwika pakati pa anthu ambiri ndi akuti kudya nkhumba sikungayambitse `(H1N1)`. Iyi ndi matenda opatsirana popuma, osati matenda opatsirana kudzera m'chakudya.

Kodi zizindikiro za chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1) ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1) zimafanana kwambiri ndi za chimfine wamba. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyamba kuonekera patatha masiku atatu kapena asanu kachilomboka katalowa m'thupi. Anthu ena amatha kusonyeza zizindikiro mkati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Nazi zina mwa zizindikiro:

• Malungo (angachitike mwadzidzidzi ndi malungo)
• Kumva kuzizira komanso kunjenjemera (monga kukhala ndi chimfine)
• Chifuwa (nthawi zambiri chifuwa chouma)
• Kupweteka pakhosi/pakhosi
• Kupweteka kwa thupi, kupweteka kwa minofu
• Mutu
• Kutopa kwambiri, kutopa, ndi kufooka
• Anthu ena amathanso kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga kusanza ndi kutsegula m'mimba.

Komabe, mwa makanda aang'ono ndi ana, zizindikirozi zingakhale zosiyana pang'ono, kapena sizingathe kufotokozera bwino, choncho tiyenera kusamala. Ngati mwana wanu kapena mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, musazinyalanyaze ndipo imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kuvuta kupuma, kupuma mofulumira, kumva ngati chifuwa chanu chikulowa mkati mukapuma
• Kugona nthawi zonse, kuvutika kudzuka ku tulo
• Kukana kumwa zakumwa monga madzi ndi mkaka, kukana kudya
• Ziphuphu ndi malungo
• Kusokonezeka, kuchepa kwa chidziwitso, komanso kusayankha

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji matenda a chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1) molondola?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chimfine, dokotala wanu akhoza kukuyang'anani ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu kuti aone ngati zingakhale `(H1N1)`. Nthawi zina, makamaka panthawi ya mliri wa chimfine, dokotala wanu angakupatseni `mayeso a chimfine ofulumira`. ``(mayeso a chimfine ofulumira)` awa nthawi zambiri amatha kudziwa ngati muli ndi chimfine A kapena B mkati mwa theka la ola. `(H1N1)` ndi mtundu wa chimfine A. Komabe, kuti mudziwe ngati ndi `(H1N1)` kapena mtundu wina wa chimfine A, mungafunike kuchita mayeso apadera kwambiri (monga mayeso a PCR), ndipo zotsatira zake zingatenge masiku angapo kuti zibwererenso.

Kodi matenda a nkhumba (H1N1) amachiritsidwa bwanji?

Ndipotu, ngakhale mutadwala matenda a nkhumba (H1N1), anthu ambiri athanzi omwe alibe matenda ena akuluakulu (monga matenda a shuga kapena matenda a mtima) safunikira mankhwala apadera kapena chithandizo. Chitetezo cha mthupi chidzalimbana nacho chokha. Ngati mutadwala matenda a nkhumba, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi ichi:

• Pumulani mokwanira. Mukamagona nthawi zambiri, zimakhala bwino. Pewani kuchita zinthu zolemetsa.
• Imwani madzi ambiri. Imwani madzi, tiyi wa zitsamba, madzi a lalanje, cilantro, supu, phala, ndi madzi a zipatso zatsopano pafupipafupi. Izi zithandiza kupewa kutaya madzi m'thupi.
• Idyani chakudya chopepuka komanso chopatsa thanzi. Zakudya zosavuta kugayidwa komanso mafuta ochepa ndi zabwino kwambiri.
• Khalani panyumba ndithu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti musiye kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena. Osachepera mpaka malungo anu atatha ndipo zizindikiro zina zitachepa kwambiri.
• Imwani mankhwala monga paracetamol (acetaminophen - Tylenol®) monga momwe dokotala wanu walangizira kuti muchepetse kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa thupi, ndi mutu. Musapatse ana aang'ono mankhwala monga aspirin popanda kufunsa dokotala.

Komabe, ngati mukudwala kwambiri, kapena ngati muli m'gulu la anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu (monga amayi apakati, ana aang'ono, okalamba, kapena anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha), dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala oletsa mavairasi. Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi, monga oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) kapena zanamivir (Relenza®), angathandize kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa matendawa poletsa kachilomboka kuti kasachuluke m'thupi lanu. Mankhwalawa amatha kuchepetsa nthawi yomwe mukudwala ndi tsiku limodzi kapena awiri ndikuthandizira kuchepetsa zizindikiro. Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi awa amagwira ntchito bwino ngati muyamba kuwamwa mkati mwa maola 48 oyamba kuchokera pamene zizindikiro zanu zayamba. Chifukwa chake ngati mukudwala, ndibwino kupita kwa dokotala mwachangu momwe mungathere.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji matenda a nkhumba (H1N1)?

Pali zinthu zosavuta koma zofunika kwambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe kutenga chimfine cha nkhumba (H1N1) ndikuchifalitsa kwa ena:

• Mukayetsemula kapena kutsokomola, phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu ndi pepala kapena nsalu yopukutira. Tayani mosamala pepala lomwe mwagwiritsa ntchito mu zinyalala. Ngati pepala palibe, yetsemulani/tsokomola m'chigongono. Izi ndi bwino kuposa kuphimba pakamwa panu ndi dzanja lanu.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo nthawi zonse.Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi kwa masekondi osachepera 20. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa ngati sopo ndi madzi sizikupezeka.
• Pewani kukhudza maso, mphuno, ndi pakamwa panu ndi manja odetsedwa. Izi ndi njira zazikulu zomwe kachilomboka kamalowera m'thupi.
• Pewani anthu odwala momwe mungathere. Chepetsani kukhudzana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi malungo ndi chimfine.
• Ngati mukudwala, khalani panyumba. Musapite kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri. Izi zikuthandizani kuti musafalitse matendawa kwa ena.
• Musagawire ena zinthu zanu monga makapu omwera, mbale, udzu, ziwiya zopukutira, ndi matawulo.
• Ngati n'kotheka, pezani katemera wa chimfine cha nyengo isanafike nyengo ya chimfine (nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa chaka). Izi zitha kuteteza ku mitundu ingapo ya kachilombo ka chimfine komwe kangafalikire chaka chimenecho, kuphatikizapo (H1N1).

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matenda a nkhumba (H1N1) amachira pasanathe masiku angapo okha. Zizindikiro za matenda a nkhumba (H1N1) zimafanana ndi za matenda a nkhumba wamba. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimachepa patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu. Komabe, ngati zizindikiro zanu sizikusintha patatha masiku angapo, zikuipiraipira, kapena ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirazi, imbani foni kapena pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kuvuta kupuma kapena kupweteka pachifuwa
• Chizungulire chadzidzidzi
• Kusokonezeka, chidziwitso chosinthidwa
• Ngati mumasanza pafupipafupi
• Ngati malungo achepa, ndiye kuti malungo amabwerera mwadzidzidzi ndipo chifuwa chimawonjezeka.

Zikatero, kufunafuna uphungu wa dokotala mwamsanga kungapewe mavuto aakulu.

Kodi ndi mafunso otani ofunika omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Ngati mupita kwa dokotala, ndi bwino kufunsa mafunso ngati awa kuti mumvetse bwino za matenda anu:

• Kodi ndili ndi `(H1N1)`, kapena chimfine china?
• Kodi ndikufunika chithandizo chapadera pa izi?
• Kodi ndi koyenera kuti ndilandire katemera wa chimfine? Kodi ndiyenera kulandira liti katemerayu?
• Ngati ndapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa mavairasi, ndiyenera kumwa nthawi yayitali bwanji ndipo ndiyenera kumwa bwanji?
• Nditachira matenda a nkhumba, ndingathe kubwerera kuntchito kapena kusukulu liti? Zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti ndisiye kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena?
• Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe ndiyenera kusamala nazo kwambiri?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Fuluwenza ya nkhumba (H1N1) inali mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi. Koma tsopano kachilomboka kakulamulidwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kakhala kachilombo ka chimfine cha nyengo. Koma sizikutanthauza kuti anthu sangadwalebe kapena kudwala kwambiri ndi (H1N1). Anthu akhozabe kudwala, ndipo ena akhoza kudwala kwambiri, makamaka omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, omwe ali ndi matenda osatha, komanso ana aang'ono.

Choncho, ngati mukumva ngati muli ndi malungo, musachite mantha, pumulani mokwanira, ndipo imwani zakumwa. Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuoneka kuti zikukulirakulira, kapena ngati sizikutha patatha masiku angapo, onani dokotala. Kudzisamalira nokha ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Tiyeneranso kutenga udindo kuti tipewe kufalitsa matendawa kwa ena.

Tiyeni tonse tiyesetse kukhala athanzi komanso kudziteteza ku matenda amenewa!

` Fuluwenza ya nkhumba, H1N1, chimfine, kachilombo, mliri, zizindikiro, chithandizo, kupewa, chimfine