Kodi mwana wanu nthawi zonse amakhala wotumbululuka komanso wotopa? Kodi ndi Thalassemia?

Kodi mwana wanu amaoneka wotopa nthawi zonse? Kodi sathamangathamanga n’kusewera ngati ana ena? Kodi safuna kudya? Kodi anayamba wamvapo wotumbululuka? Ndi zachilendo kuti mayi kapena bambo aliyense azichita mantha kwambiri akaona zinthu ngati zimenezi. Ngakhale kuti zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda abwinobwino, nthawi zina pangakhale vuto linalake lachipatala, monga Thalassemia. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za Thalassemia, momwe imakhudzira thupi lathu, komanso mankhwala ake.

Kodi Thalassemia kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, thalassemia ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amakhudza magazi athu . Si matenda opatsirana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti safalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina ngati chimfine. Ndi chinthu chomwe timalandira kuchokera kwa makolo athu kudzera m'majini athu.

Kuti timvetse bwino izi, choyamba tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za maselo ofiira a m'magazi mwathu. Ganizirani za maselo ofiira awa ngati ntchito yotumizira mpweya m'thupi lathu lonse. Choyendetsera ntchito yotumizira mpweya iyi, ndiko kuti, ngolo yonyamula mpweya, imatchedwa hemoglobin . Hemoglobin ndi puloteni yapadera yomwe imapezeka mkati mwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatenga mpweya kuchokera m'mapapu athu ndikuugawa ku selo iliyonse m'thupi.

Munthu amene ali ndi thalassemia sangapange puloteni iyi yotchedwa hemoglobin yokwanira. Monga momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito, ngati ziwalo zina zofunika sizikupezeka kapena ngati ziwalo zosafunikira zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, galimotoyo sigwira ntchito bwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira athanzi m'thupi chichepe. Timatcha izi kukhala kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi.

Choncho pamene maselo m'thupi salandira mpweya wokwanira, sangathe kupanga mphamvu zomwe amafunikira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake odwala matenda a thalassemia amakumana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?

Kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa izi akuti kunayamba kufalikira mwa anthu ngati njira yodzitetezera ku malungo. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe ali ndi majini okhudzana ndi madera omwe malungo ndi ofala, monga Africa, kum'mwera kwa Europe, ndi mayiko akumadzulo, kum'mwera, ndi kum'mawa kwa Asia, ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga thalassemia. Popeza Sri Lanka ndi dziko la ku South Asia, pali anthu omwe ali ndi thalassemia komanso odwala pakati pa anthu athu.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa thalassemia? Tiyeni tiwone bwinobwino.

"Ngolo ya okosijeni" yotchedwa hemoglobin yomwe ndatchula kale imapangidwa ndi maunyolo anayi a mapuloteni. Awiri mwa awa amatchedwa maunyolo a alpha globin , ndipo ena awiri amatchedwa maunyolo a beta globin .

Timalandira "malangizo" kapena "khodi" yopangira maunyolo awa kuchokera ku majini omwe timalandira kuchokera kwa makolo athu. Ganizirani majini awa ngati njira yophikira mbale. Ngati pali cholakwika kapena cholakwika mu njira yophikira, mbaleyo singathe kukonzedwa bwino. Mofananamo, ngati pali cholakwika kapena kusowa kwa majini awa, maunyolo a alpha kapena beta globin sadzapangidwa bwino. Pamenepo ndi pamene vuto lotchedwa thalassemia limachitika.

• Unyolo wa Alpha globin: Izi zimafuna majini anayi kuti apange. Awiri ochokera kwa mayi ndi awiri ochokera kwa bambo.
• Ma globin chains a beta: Izi zimafuna majini awiri kuti apange, limodzi kuchokera kwa mayi ndi lina kuchokera kwa bambo.

Mtundu wa thalassemia womwe mumakhala nawo umadalira kuti ndi uti mwa maunyolo a alpha kapena beta omwe ali ndi vuto la majini. Kuopsa kwa matendawa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa majini omwe ali ndi vuto.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya thalassemia ndi iti?

Thalassemia imagawidwa m'magulu angapo akuluakulu kutengera kuopsa kwa matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza, thalassemia trait, thalassemia minor, thalassemia intermedia, ndi thalassemia major . Mukakhala ndi matendawa, mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Kapena mwina muli ndi kuchepa kwa magazi pang'ono. Thalassemia major ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe amafunika chithandizo.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu, kutengera ngati vuto la majini lili mu unyolo wa alpha kapena unyolo wa beta.

1. Alpha Thalassemia

Vutoli limachitika pamene pali vuto m'majini anayi kapena angapo omwe amapanga unyolo wa alpha globin. Kuopsa kwa zizindikiro kumadalira kuchuluka kwa majini olakwika. Tiyeni tiwone izi m'njira yosavuta kuti timvetse.

2. Beta Thalassemia

Vutoli limachitika pamene pali vuto mu jini imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zomwe zimapanga unyolo wa beta globin (umodzi wochokera kwa mayi, wina wochokera kwa abambo).

• Jini imodzi yolakwika: Matendawa amatchedwa beta thalassemia minor kapena carrier state. Zizindikiro zake ndi zochepa kwambiri.
• Majini awiri olakwika: Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambira pakati mpaka pamlingo woopsa.
• Matenda apakati amatchedwa Thalassemia intermedia .
• Mtundu woopsa kwambiri umatchedwa beta thalassemia major kapena Cooley's anemia . Anthuwa amafunika chithandizo chamankhwala nthawi zonse.

Kodi zizindikiro za thalassemia ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro zomwe mumakumana nazo zimadalira mtundu wa thalassemia womwe muli nawo komanso kuopsa kwake.

Palibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri

Ngati mukusowa jini imodzi mwa zinayi za alpha, mwina simudzakhala ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Ngati majini awiri a alpha kapena jini imodzi ya beta ali ndi vuto, mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse. Kapena mwina mungakhale ndi zizindikiro zochepa chabe za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, monga kumva kutopa nthawi zonse.

Zizindikiro zapakati (Thalassemia Intermedia)

Anthu awa akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zina kuwonjezera pa kuchepa kwa magazi pang'ono.

• Kulephera kukula bwino: Kutalika ndi kulemera kwa mwana sizimawonjezeka malinga ndi zaka zake.
• Kuchedwa kutha msinkhu.
• Matenda a mafupa:Matenda monga osteoporosis.
• Tchire lokulirapo: Tchire ndi chiwalo chomwe chili kumanzere kwa mimba yathu chomwe chimathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda.

Zizindikiro zazikulu (Thalassemia Major)

Zizindikiro zoopsa zimachitika m'mikhalidwe monga matenda atatu a alpha gene (Hemoglobin H disease) ndi beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia). Zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera mwana asanakwanitse zaka ziwiri .

Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, mukhoza kuona zotsatirazi:

• Chakudyacho sichikoma.
• Khungu lotumbululuka kapena lachikasu (jaundice).
• Mkodzo wakuda (wamtundu wa tiyi).
• Matenda a mafupa a nkhope (chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri kwa mafupa a chigaza).

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?

Matenda a thalassemia apakati komanso oopsa nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali mwana, chifukwa zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera mkati mwa zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo wa mwana. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso osiyanasiyana a magazi kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

• Kuchuluka kwa Magazi Okwanira (CBC): Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin m'magazi, kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira amagazi, ndi kukula kwawo. Anthu omwe ali ndi thalassemia ali ndi maselo ofiira ochepa athanzi komanso hemoglobin yochepa. Maselo ofiira amagazi amathanso kukhala ochepa kuposa masiku onse.
• Kuchuluka kwa ma reticulocyte: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a m'magazi omwe angopangidwa kumene. Izi zingakupatseni lingaliro la ngati mafuta anu a m'mafupa akupanga maselo ofiira a m'magazi okwanira.
• Kufufuza za iron: Kuyesa kumeneku kumathandiza kuzindikira molondola ngati kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi lanu kumachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa iron kapena thalassemia.
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yodziwira matenda a beta thalassemia.
• Kuyesa majini: Kuyesa kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira alpha thalassemia.

Kodi mankhwala a thalassemia ndi ati?

Mankhwala ochiritsira matenda aakulu monga thalassemia major ndi kuikidwa magazi ndi kuchotsa chitsulo.

• Kuika Magazi: Mwachidule, uku ndi kuikidwa magazi kwakunja. Magazi okhala ndi maselo ofiira athanzi amaperekedwa m'thupi kudzera mu mitsempha. Izi zimabwezeretsa maselo ofiira athanzi komanso kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin. Pa matenda oopsa a thalassemia (monga beta thalassemia major), kuikidwa magazi kungafunike nthawi zonse, monga masabata awiri kapena anayi aliwonse .
• Chithandizo cha Kuchepetsa Iron:Chimodzi mwa zotsatirapo zazikulu za kupereka magazi pafupipafupi ndi kuwonjezeka kosafunikira kwa chitsulo m'thupi. Timatcha izi kukhala ndi chitsulo chochuluka . Chitsulo chowonjezerachi chingadziunjikane m'ziwalo zofunika monga mtima wathu ndi chiwindi ndikuziwononga. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amalandira magazi pafupipafupi amapatsidwa mankhwala (mapiritsi kapena jakisoni) omwe amachotsa chitsulo chowonjezerachi m'thupi.
• Folic Acid: Folic acid imaperekedwa kuti ithandize thupi kupanga maselo a magazi athanzi.
• Kusamutsa Mafupa ndi Maselo Oyambira: Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yochiritsira thalassemia kwathunthu . Komabe, pa izi, wodwalayo amafunikira wopereka wathanzi woyenera. Nthawi zambiri, ndi mchimwene kapena mlongo. Iyi ndi njira yowopsa komanso yovuta.
• Luspatercept: Katemera uyu amaperekedwa milungu itatu iliyonse. Umagwira ntchito pothandiza thupi kupanga maselo ofiira ambiri a magazi.

Kodi moyo uli bwanji ndi matendawa? Kodi angathe kupewedwa?

Ngati muli ndi thalassemia minor, mutha kuyembekezera kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino. Kaya vuto lanu ndi laling'ono kapena lalikulu, ngati mutsatira ndondomeko ya chithandizo yomwe mwapatsidwa (kuika magazi ndi kuchotsa chitsulo) ndendende, muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali.

Matendawa ndi a majini, kotero sitingathe kuwaletsa. Komabe, kuyezetsa majini kungakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati inu kapena mnzanu muli ndi majini a thalassemia. Kudziwa izi ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa okwatirana omwe akukonzekera kukhala ndi mwana. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu kuti mudziwe zambiri pankhaniyi.

Pomaliza pake, thalassemia ndi matenda omwe angathe kuchiritsidwa. Mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe mukufuna komanso nthawi yomwe mukuchifuna zimadalira kuopsa kwa vuto lanu. Ndikofunikira kukambirana momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za vuto lanu komanso dongosolo lanu la chisamaliro cha nthawi yayitali.