Kodi ndi chotupa pakhosi? Kodi ndi khansa ya chithokomiro? Tiyeni tidziwe bwinobwino.

Kodi munamvapo chinthu ngati chotupa pakhosi panu? Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa zikachitika. Mungaganize kuti, "Ichi ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi khansa?" Koma chofunika kwambiri chomwe tiyenera kumvetsetsa poyamba ndichakuti si zotupa zonse pakhosi zomwe ndi khansa. Komabe, kudziwa zinthu zotere, makamaka khansa ya chithokomiro, yomwe tikukamba lero, ndikofunikira kwambiri pa thanzi lanu. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane za izi m'njira yochezeka komanso yosavuta lero.

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone, kodi chithokomiro ichi ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, chithokomiro ndi chiwalo chaching'ono chooneka ngati gulugufe chomwe chili kutsogolo kwa khosi lathu, mbali zonse ziwiri za mphuno. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo la endocrine la thupi lathu.

Taganizirani izi ngati injini yaying'ono m'thupi lathu. Mahomoni omwe amachokera ku gland iyi amalamulira zinthu zambiri m'thupi lathu, monga momwe thupi lathu limagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu, kutentha kwa thupi, kugunda kwa mtima, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kotero tsopano mutha kumvetsetsa kufunika kwa chiwalo chaching'ono ichi. Khansa ya chithokomiro imachitika pamene maselo a gland ya chithokomiro ayamba kukula modabwitsa komanso mosalamulirika.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya khansa ya chithokomiro ndi iti?

Khansa ya chithokomiro si yofanana. Imagawidwa m'mitundu ikuluikulu ingapo kutengera mtundu wa maselo omwe imachokera. Kugawa kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri podziwa chithandizo ndi momwe matendawa adzachitikire mtsogolo. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu iyi.

Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti? Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Kawirikawiri chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa ya chithokomiro ndi chotupa chopanda ululu pakhosi. Izi zimatchedwa kuti nodule ya chithokomiro. Koma musachite mantha! Monga tanenera kale, palibe chifukwa choopa kumva chotupa chotere. Chifukwa 9 mwa 10 mwa zotupa izi si khansa.

Komabe, nthawi zina, zizindikiro monga izi zimatha kuwoneka:

• Kutupa pakhosi kapena kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes.
• Mawu omveka kapena kusintha kwa mawu.
• Kuvuta kupuma kapena kumeza chakudya.
• Kupweteka kwa khosi, nthawi zina kumatuluka m'makutu.

Ngati muli ndi chizindikiro chonga ichi, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala mwamsanga ndikupita kuchipatala popanda kunyalanyaza.

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani khansa ya chithokomiro imayamba? Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?

Monga khansa iliyonse, khansa ya chithokomiro imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa DNA ya maselo mu gland. Kusintha kumeneku kumapangitsa maselo kugawikana ndikukula mosalamulirika. Zina mwa kusintha kwa DNA kumeneku zingachitike nthawi ya moyo wathu, pomwe zina zimatha kutengera majini kuchokera kwa makolo athu.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya chithokomiro:

• Jenda: Akazi ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa ya chithokomiro katatu kuposa amuna.
• Zaka: Kawirikawiri zimapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi azaka za m'ma 40 ndi 50 komanso mwa amuna azaka za m'ma 60 ndi 70.
• Mbiri ya banja: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu (makolo, abale ndi alongo) adadwala khansa ya chithokomiro, inunso mungakhale pachiwopsezo.
• Matenda a majini: Matenda ena obadwa nawo (monga, `(MEN2A)`, `(MEN2B)`) angapangitse kuti chiopsezocho chiwonjezeke.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa: Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu, makamaka ngati mudalandira chithandizo cha kuwala kwa dzuwa pakhosi ndi mutu muli ana kapena ngati mudakumana ndi zinthu zowononga kuwala kuchokera ku ngozi ya nyukiliya.
• Kusowa kwa ayodini: Kusowa kwa ayodini muzakudya kungayambitsenso mavuto ena.
• Kunenepa Kwambiri: Kulemera kwambiri kwapezekanso kuti ndi chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Mukapita kwa dokotala ndi chotupa pakhosi panu, iye adzayamba wakuyezani kaye, wakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndi mbiri ya banja lanu, kenako angakulangizeni mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

• Kuyezetsa Magazi a Chithokomiro: Izi zimatsimikizira ngati chithokomiro chanu chikupanga mahomoni moyenera. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni kumatha kukhala kwabwinobwino ngakhale khansa itakhalapo.
• Kufufuza za matenda: Iyi ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri yotsimikizira matendawa . Pachifukwa ichi, singano yopyapyala kwambiri (`(Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy)`) imayikidwa mu chotupacho, chitsanzo cha maselo chimatengedwa kuchokera pamenepo ndikuwunikidwa pansi pa maikulosikopu. Izi zithandiza kudziwa ngati maselowo ali ndi khansa kapena ayi.
• Kujambula Zithunzi: Kujambula kumeneku kumathandiza kuona mtundu ndi kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati khansa yafalikira.
• Ultrasound Scan: Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino, yopanda ululu, komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
• Kujambula Iodine Yochokera ku Radioactive: Izi zingathandize kumvetsetsa bwino momwe chithokomiro chimagwirira ntchito.
• Kujambula kwa CT ndi PET: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati khansa yafalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Kodi khansa imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha khansa ya chithokomiro chimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa khansa, gawo lake, zaka zanu, ndi thanzi lanu lonse. Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe lingakhale labwino kwa inu.

• Opaleshoni: Iyi ndiyo njira yaikulu komanso yodziwika bwino yochiritsira . Dokotala amachotsa chithokomiro chonse (`(Chithokomiro)`) kapena gawo lake lokha lomwe lili ndi khansa (`(Lobectomy)`). Amachotsanso ma lymph nodes apafupi komwe maselo a khansa afalikira.

• Chithandizo cha Radioiodine: Chithandizochi chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti chiphe maselo otsala a khansa. Mumamwa piritsi kapena madzi okhala ndi ayodini wowopsa. Chifukwa ayodini iyi imayamwa ndi minofu ya chithokomiro yokha, kuwalako kumangowononga maselo amenewo.

• Chithandizo cha Radiation: Mitundu ina ya khansa simatenga ayodini. Zikatero, makina ochokera kunja amatsogolera kuwala kwa radiation kupita ku khansayo ndikuwononga maselo.

• Chithandizo cha Mahomoni: Pambuyo poti chithokomiro chachotsedwa opaleshoni, thupi liyenera kupatsidwa mahomoni a chithokomiro kunja. Izi zimachitika popereka mankhwala opangidwa ndi mahomoni monga levothyroxine. Izi ziyenera kumwedwa moyo wonse . Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kupewa khansa kuti isabwererenso.

• Thandizo Lolunjika: Izi ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe amayang'ana zofooka zinazake m'maselo a khansa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa yamphamvu kapena yapamwamba.

• Mankhwala Oletsa Khansa: Mankhwala Oletsa Khansa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pa khansa ya chithokomiro. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda oopsa a khansa omwe sanalandire chithandizo china.

Kodi izi zingathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu?

Inde! Iyi ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri komanso yolimbikitsa. Mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya chithokomiro imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi chithandizo. Makamaka ngati khansayo yapezeka msanga, isanafalikire mbali zakutali za thupi, mwayi wochira umakhala waukulu kwambiri.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa, papillary, uli ndi chiŵerengero chopitilira 98%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu amene wapezeka ndi matendawa ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi moyo kwa zaka zisanu kapena kuposerapo, monga momwe munthu wathanzi alili.

Komabe, m'mitundu yosowa komanso yovuta monga anaplastic, vutoli ndi losiyana. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angakufotokozereni momveka bwino za matenda anu komanso momwe angadziwire. Choncho, musaope kulankhula naye momasuka za izi.

Mukalandira chithandizo, muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati khansa yabwerera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.